不同氧气流量对直流磁控溅射TiO2薄膜的影响

采用直流反应磁控溅射法,以高纯Ti为靶材,高纯O2为反应气体,制备了TiO2薄膜.研究了氧气流量对薄膜结晶取向、表面形貌和光学性能的影响.研究发现,TiO2薄膜主要呈锐钛矿TiO2(101)择优取向,当氧气流量较小时,薄膜中还含有金属Ti(100),氧气流量较大时,薄膜含TiO2(101)和TiO2(004),成多晶态;薄膜的粗糙度和颗粒大小都随氧气流量的增大而增大;薄膜在400～1 100nm可见-近红外波段有较高的透射率并且其吸收峰随着氧气流量的增大而红移,当氧气流量为5sccm时,平均透射率最高.     

退火对常压MOCVD法生长的高结晶性能 ZnO薄膜发光特性的影响

研究了氧气退火和氮气退火对ZnO薄膜发光特性的影响。ZnO膜是采用常压金属有机化学气相沉积（MOCVD）法在蓝宝石（0001）衬底上生长的。原生样品1有一很强的紫外峰及较强的绿光峰（525nm附近）;原生样品2有很强的紫外峰,深能级发光几乎观察不到。然后从不同原生膜上取两块小样品,分别在氧气和氮气中退火,退火温度是400,500,600,700,800℃。结果表明,在700℃以下退火,退火气氛对ZnO膜的深能级发光影响较大;超过700℃后,退火温度对ZnO薄膜的发光影响大,但退火气氛影响不太明显。通过退火对ZnO薄膜发光特性的影响,讨论了ZnO膜中525nm附近绿光峰的起源。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜及其光致发光性质

利用溶胶-凝胶法在石英衬底上制备了ZnO薄膜,通过测量样品的透射谱、X射线衍射谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图像和光致发光谱研究了其结构特征和发光性质.结果表明:在衍射角2θ=34.32°处出现了对应(002)晶面的强衍射峰,ZnO膜呈多晶状态,具有六角纤矿晶体结构和良好的C轴择优取向,薄膜中颗粒的平均粒径为56nm;光致发光呈多发光峰状,有中心波长为378nm的紫带,520nm绿带,446nm附近的蓝带以及发现未见报道过的绿带以后中心波长为586nm和570nm两个弱发射峰.实验结果表明,制备的ZnO薄膜具有发光特性,但内部与深能级发射相关的结构缺陷浓度还是较高,样品中两个低能量光致发光应来源于晶粒间界的缺陷能级,多缺陷能级导致了多发射峰的光致发光谱.     

反应溅射氧化锌薄膜的结构特点及性质

以金属Zn(纯度为99.99%)作为靶材,采用离子束反应溅射法在玻璃衬底上溅射沉积了一系列ZnO薄膜样品。通过对薄膜样品X射线衍射(XRD)谱的分析,发现尽管溅射条件不同,但是ZnO薄膜只沿(0002)晶面取向生长。衬底温度和溅射气体的氧分压对薄膜沿c轴取向生长有影响,其中衬底温度的影响较明显。溅射过程中发现衬底温度为360℃最适合(0002)晶面的生长,在此温度下溅射获得了完全沿c轴取向生长且衍射峰最强的ZnO薄膜。室温下测量了ZnO薄膜的发射光谱,发现薄膜在紫外区(364nm附近)、蓝绿区(470nm附近)有较强的发光峰,在紫光区(398nm附近)、蓝光区(452nm附近)和红外区(722nm附近)有较弱的发光峰。ZnO薄膜在空气中退火,对薄膜的结构、发光和电学性质都有一定影响。合适的退火温度可以促进薄膜沿c轴的取向生长;退火后ZnO多晶薄膜的晶粒比未退火的略大;退火使部分发光峰的位置发生偏移并使薄膜的发光强度增强;退火使薄膜的电阻率显著增大,薄膜的电阻率随氧分压的增大而增大。     

低温CVD法在玻璃衬底上制备ZnO纳米线阵列

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在镀Cr(20nm)的玻璃衬底上,低温制备了ZnO纳米线阵列。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对样品的表面形貌和微结构进行了分析表征。结果表明:源分解温度1350℃,衬底温度450～500℃,氩气流量为35sccm时,ZnO纳米线在玻璃衬底上呈现有序生长;XRD谱图中只观测到ZnO(002)衍射峰。表明制备的纳米线阵列具有高度c轴择优取向生长特性和较高的结晶质量。     

ZnO：V薄膜后退火处理前后的微结构与发光特性

利用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法在单晶硅(100)衬底上分别制备了ZnO:V薄膜和纯ZnO薄膜。为进一步研究后退火对ZnO:V薄膜结构和发光性质的影响,在两段式快速退火后又在800℃下进行了后退火处理。X射线衍射的结果表明:后退火处理前,钒(V)的掺入使ZnO结晶质量变差,而800℃退火处理后,从ZnO的衍射峰中可以看出,相对于无V杂样品其结晶质量变好。扫描电子显微镜形貌图中可以看出制备的样品薄膜颗粒大小均匀,薄膜致密度较高。光致发光(PL)谱的研究表明:ZnO:V薄膜在800℃退火处理后,紫外和绿带发光峰均增强,但紫外发光峰增强得更多;与同样条件下制备的纯ZnO薄膜的PL谱比较,发现V掺杂后样品的紫外激子复合发光峰的强度明显增强且峰位发生蓝移,而缺陷引起的绿带发光峰的强度降低。     

氧气压强对PLD制备MgZnO薄膜光学性质的影响(英文)

使用准分子脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在Si(100)基片上制备了高度c轴取向的MgZnO薄膜。分别使用SEM、XRD、XPS、PL谱和吸收谱表征了薄膜的形貌、结构、成分和光学性质。实验发现氧气压强对MgZnO薄膜的结构和光学性质有重要影响。当氧气压强由5 Pa增大到45 Pa时,薄膜的PL谱紫外峰蓝移了86meV,表明氧气压强的增大提高了MgZnO薄膜中Mg的溶解度。在15 Pa氧气压强下制备的薄膜显示了独特、均匀的六角纳米柱状结构,其PL谱展示了优异的发光特性,具有比其他制备条件下超强的紫外发射和微弱的可见发光。500~600 nm范围内的绿光发射,我们讨论其机理可能源于深能级中与氧相关的缺陷。使用PLD得到纳米柱状结构表明:优化制备条件,可望使用PLD制备ZnO纳米阵列的外延衬底;可使用PLD技术开发基于ZnO纳米结构的高效发光器件。     

磁控溅射制备ZnO薄膜的受激发射特性的研究

用射频磁控反应溅射法在二氧化硅衬底上制备ZnO薄膜。得到了在不同温度下ZnO薄膜的吸收与光致发光。观测到了纵光学波 (LO)声子吸收峰与自由激子吸收峰 ;室温 (30 0K)下 ,PL谱中仅有自由激子发光峰。这些结果证实了ZnO薄膜具有较高的质量。探讨了变温ZnO薄膜的发光特性。研究了ZnO薄膜的受激发射特性。     

Ni掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构与光学特性研究

使用射频磁控溅射法成功制备了不同掺杂浓度（0—7at.%）的ZnO:Ni薄膜.X射线衍射的θ-2θ和摇摆曲线扫描结果表明,5at.%Ni掺杂ZnO薄膜具有沿c轴方向最佳的择优取向生长特性,（002）衍射峰向大角度方向移动揭示了Ni杂质被掺入ZnO晶格中占据Zn位.ZnO:Ni薄膜具有较好的可见光透明特性,拟合发现薄膜的光学带隙随Ni掺杂量的增加由3.272 eV线性降低到3.253 eV.未掺杂薄膜在550 nm处呈现出一个绿色发光峰,掺入Ni杂质后薄膜主要表现了以430 nm为中心的蓝色发光,分析认为它们分别源于薄膜中O空位和Zn填隙缺陷发光. 关键词： ZnO:Ni薄膜 结构特性 光学带隙 光致发光     

石英衬底上Au缓冲层对ZnO薄膜微结构的影响

采用单源化学气相沉积(SSCVD)法,在石英衬底上以Au为缓冲层,Zn4(OH)2(O2CCH3)6.2H2O为固相源制备ZnO薄膜。SEM和XRD测试ZnO薄膜的微结构,结果表明:相对于SiO2衬底上生长的ZnO薄膜,Au/SiO2衬底上生长的ZnO薄膜具有较好的结晶质量和表面平整度;对制备ZnO薄膜的衬底温度进行了工艺优化,结果表明:500℃时制备的ZnO薄膜颗粒大小均匀,结晶质量较好;通过荧光光谱仪对Au/SiO2衬底上的ZnO薄膜进行光致发光(PL)谱测试,ZnO薄膜在400nm出现紫光发射峰,而没有出现与缺陷相关的深能级发射峰,表明ZnO薄膜具有较好的结晶质量。     

退火对溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO薄膜结构和光致发光的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在n-Si(100)衬底上制备ZnO薄膜并从三个方面对其研究。X射线衍射结果表明,在含氧气氛中退火的ZnO薄膜为多晶六角纤锌矿结构,有明显的c轴择优结晶取向;退火时间的长短和温度的高低对结晶取向性和粒径均有较大影响,通过进一步的研究发现最佳处理温度在500℃左右。用扫描电子显微镜观察样品的表面和侧面形貌,晶体的生长比较均匀,粒径平均在70~160nm范围内,与XRD测量结果相一致。室温下ZnO胶体的光致发光谱表明,随着胶体老化时间的延长,胶体的紫外峰位发生了蓝移。室温下ZnO薄膜的光致发光谱表明,紫外部分的发光峰位在365,390nm,发光强度较强;在可见光区的发光强度相对较弱,但是还没有被氧完全抑制掉。     

Structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films deposited on quartz glass by pulsed laser deposition

ZnO thin films with typical c-axis (0 0 2) orientation were successfully deposited on quartz glass substrates by pulse laser ablation of Zn target in oxygen atmosphere at a relatively low temperature range of 100-250 °C. The structural and optical properties of the films were studied. In photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature, single ultraviolet emission (without deep-level emission) was obtained from ZnO film deposited at the temperature of 200 °C. This was attributed to its low intrinsic defects.     

Cesium doped and undoped ZnO nanocrystalline thin films: a comparative study of structural and micro‐Raman investigation of optical phonons

Undoped and cesium‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films have been deposited on sapphire substrate (0001) using the sol–gel method. Films were preheated at 300 °C for 10 min and annealed at 600 and 800 °C for 1 h. The grown thin films were confirmed to be of wurtzite structure using X‐ray diffraction. Surface morphology of the films was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnO showed a strong ultraviolet (UV) emission band located at 3.263 eV and a very weak visible emission associated with deep‐level defects. Cesium incorporation induced a blue shift of the optical band gap and quenching of the near‐band‐edge PL for nanocrystalline thin film at room temperatures because of the band‐filling effect of free carriers. A shift of about 10–15 cm⁻¹ is observed for the first‐order longitudinal‐optical (LO) phonon Raman peak of the nanocrystals when compared to the LO phonon peak of bulk ZnO. The UV resonant Raman excitation at RT shows multiphonon LO modes up to fifth order. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氧化锌纳米颗粒薄膜的近紫外电致发光特性研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel method)制备了ZnO纳米颗粒薄膜(ZnO nanoparticle film),并以此为发光层制备了结构为ITO/ZnO nanoparticle/MEH-PPV/LiF/Al的电致发光器件.通过调整器件发光层厚度,对器件的发光光谱和电学特性进行测试研究,发现该器件在一定的直流电压下可以得到以ZnO近紫外(中心波长390 nm)发光为主的电致发光光谱,显示出较好的ZnO近紫外电致发光特性.对该器件的发光机理进行了一定的研究,认为该器件的发光是基于载流子隧穿.     

CVD两步法生长ZnO薄膜及其光致发光特性

用CVD两步法在常压下于p型Si(100)衬底上沉积出具有较好择优取向的多晶ZnO薄膜。在325nm波长的光激发下,室温下可观察到显著的紫外光发射(峰值波长381nm)。高温退火后氧空位缺陷浓度增加,出现了一个450~600nm的绿光发光带,发光峰值在510nm。作为比较,用一步法生长的ZnO薄膜结晶质量稍差。在其PL谱中不仅有峰值波长389nm的紫外发射而且还出现了一个很强的蓝光发光中心(峰值波长437nm),退火后同样产生绿光发光带。对这两种绿光发光带的发光机制进行了研究,认为前者源于VO,而后者与O_Zn有密切的关系。     

氧分压对PLD制备ZnO薄膜结构和发光性质的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)技术,在Si(100)衬底上制备出高度c轴取向的ZnO薄膜。通过X射线衍射(XRD)谱,扫描电镜(SEM)和室温光致发光(PL)光谱的测量,研究了生长气氛压强的改变对薄膜结构和光致发光的影响。实验结果表明,当氧压从10Pa升高到100Pa时ZnO(002)衍射峰的半峰全宽(FWHM)增大。可以认为这是由于较高的氧压下,到达衬底表面的离子动能减小。这样部分离子没有足够的能量迁移到生长较快的(002)面,c轴取向变差,导致(002)衍射峰的强度降低,半峰全宽增大。随着氧压增大,紫外发光强度增强。这可能是氧压变大,薄膜的化学配比升高,说明化学配比对UV发光的影响要大于薄膜微结构的影响。改变氧气压强对薄膜的表面形貌也有较大的影响。     

Effect of the oxygen pressure on the microstructure and optical properties of ZnO films prepared by laser molecular beam epitaxy

A series of ZnO films were prepared on the Si (1 0 0) or glass substrate at 773 K under various oxygen pressures by using a laser molecular beam epitaxy system. The microstructure and optical properties were investigated through the X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer and spectrofluorophotometer. The results showed that ZnO thin film prepared at 1 Pa oxygen pressure displayed the best crystalinity and all ZnO films formed a columnar structure. Meanwhile, all ZnO films exhibited an abrupt absorption edge near the wavelength of 380 nm in transmission spectra. With increasing the oxygen pressure, the transmission intensity changed non-monotonically and reached a maximum of above 80% at 1 Pa oxygen pressure, based on which the band gaps of all ZnO films were calculated to be about 3.259–3.315 eV. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that there occurred no emission peak at a low oxygen pressure of 10⁻⁵ Pa. With the increment of the oxygen pressure, there occurred a UV emission peak of 378 nm, a weak violet emission peak of 405 nm and a wide green emission band centered at 520 nm. As the oxygen pressure increased further, the position of UV emission peak remained and its intensity changed non-monotonically and reached a maximum at 1 Pa. Meanwhile the intensity of green emission band increased monotonically with increasing the oxygen pressure. In addition, it was also found that the intensity of UV emission peak decreased as the measuring temperature shifted from 80 to 300 K. The analyses indicated that the UV emission peak originated from the combination of free excitons and the green emission band originated from the energy level jump from conduction band to O_Zn defect.     

Effect of annealing temperature and annealing atmosphere on the structure and optical properties of ZnO thin films on sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrates by magnetron sputtering

ZnO thin films were epitaxially grown on sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. ZnO thin films were then annealed at different temperatures in air and in various atmospheres at 800 °C, respectively. The effect of the annealing temperature and annealing atmosphere on the structure and optical properties of ZnO thin films are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence (PL). A strong (0 0 2) diffraction peak of all ZnO thin films shows a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure and high preferential c-axis orientation. XRD and AFM results reveal that the better structural quality, relatively smaller tensile stress, smooth, uniform of ZnO thin films were obtained when annealed at 800 °C in N₂. Room temperature PL spectrum can be divided into the UV emission and the Visible broad band emission. The UV emission can be attributed to the near band edge emission (NBE) and the Visible broad band emission can be ascribed to the deep level emissions (DLE). By analyzing our experimental results, we recommend that the deep-level emission correspond to oxygen vacancy (V_O) and interstitial oxygen (O_i). The biggest ratio of the PL intensity of UV emission to that of visible emission (I_NBE/I_DLE) is observed from ZnO thin films annealed at 800 °C in N₂. Therefore, we suggest that annealing temperature of 800 °C and annealing atmosphere of N₂ are the most suitable annealing conditions for obtaining high quality ZnO thin films with good luminescence performance.     

纳米氧化锌的紫外自发辐射与受激辐射

纳米结构的氧化锌兼备了宽直接带隙(E_g=3.34eV)、强激子束缚能(60meV)的优良特性,同时又具备了纳米材料独特的微结构与光电功能,可望成为高效率紫外发光二极管以及低阈值紫外半导体激光器的良好材料。以我们的工作为基础,利用不同结构的ZnO作增益介质,概述了低维ZnO纳米材料中的自发辐射与受激辐射过程,观察到了放大的自发辐射(ASE)与受激振荡现象,并讨论了自发辐射、ASE及受激辐射的产生机制。