GRIN透镜红外波段焦斑直径的测量

主要介绍ＧＲＩＮ透镜在红外波段聚焦光斑直径的测量方法及误差分析。     

锥形透镜光纤聚焦特性研究

锥形透镜光纤(TLF)是实现光纤与平面光波光路(PLC)芯片高效耦合的核心元件。了解和掌握其聚焦特性是指导平面光波光路尾纤封装技术的关键。给出了表征锥形透镜光纤聚焦特性的两个参量出射光斑直径和远场发散角的理论分析模型,其误差小于1.14%;采用光束传播法数值模拟了锥形透镜光纤中的光波传输和模斑的演化,确定了锥形透镜光纤端面出射光斑的大小;优化锥形透镜光纤结构参量为:拉锥长度300μm,锥角0.733°,透镜曲率半径13.485μm;建立了基于数字摄像机的锥形透镜光纤出射光场测试系统,提出了物理光学反向推演法,计算出锥形透镜光纤聚焦光斑尺寸和远场发散角。理论与实验结果有着良好的一致:对于相同结构参量的锥形透镜光纤,实验反推法得到的出射光斑尺寸与理论值相比误差为3.15%,远场发散角误差为3.67%。     

微透镜阵列误差对半导体激光匀化性能的影响

为了减小微透镜阵列误差对匀化光斑的影响,深入研究微透镜阵列光束匀化系统中微透镜阵列相对位置误差对光束匀化性能的影响,设计了一种微透镜阵列光束匀化系统。依据相对位置误差类型的不同,将双列微透镜阵列间六个自由度变化导致的误差分为距离误差、偏移误差以及转动误差进行分析,并对每种误差对光束匀化性能的影响进行了研究。采用6板条半导体激光器堆栈对上述匀化系统进行实验验证,实现了均匀性为90.75%的光斑,并对系统影响光斑性能的原因进行了分析。     

非球面液滴微透镜固化控制和焦斑测量研究

利用电场改变液滴透镜的面形得到非球面,并实时检测其面形和焦斑图像,在适当的时候用紫外光固化液滴制作具有良好光学性能的非球面微透镜.比较了非球面液滴微透镜在固化前后面形、焦斑的变化和对透镜性能的影响,讨论了液滴透镜在固化过程中变形的机理和相应的解决方法.用分辨率50 nm的光斑探针扫描仪精确测量了固化后的非球面微透镜的聚焦光斑,测得了光斑轴向分布曲线和均方根直径3.384μm的聚焦光斑,经图像处理计算了透镜的点扩散函数和光学传递函数,评价了所制作的非球面微透镜的聚光和成像能力,并给出了透镜的实际成像图像,对于完善高品质非球面微透镜及其阵列的制作工艺具有重要意义.     

基于透镜畸变效应的仿人眼扫描系统设计

仿人眼扫描具有旋转与尺度不变性、背景信息压缩及变分辨率信息采集等优点,但传统的仿人眼扫描方法存在系统结构复杂、扫描速度慢等缺点,提出一种基于透镜畸变实现扫描环增长,采用阿贝棱镜旋转实现对目标视场扫描的仿人眼扫描方法。利用透镜畸变对不同视场下入射光斑进行放大,进而实现仿人眼光斑结构。通过物像关系求解透镜初始参数,将仿人眼扫描光斑的环间增长系数作为透镜畸变优化目标函数,对透镜参数进行非球面优化,获得透镜结构参数。设计的仿人眼扫描系统焦距为14.24 mm,工作距离为25 mm。仿真结果表明:入射高度为20 mm的1×16线阵激光能够对直径为27.66 mm的像面实现16环仿人眼扫描,扫描光斑的最大环增长系数为1.08。相比于传统仿人眼扫描方式,此文提出的方法具有成本低、结构简单、扫描速度快等优点。     

光纤波束传输系统

光纤波束传输系统ＯＤＣ－１００系列光纤波束传输系统可传输精密加工和其它材料处理方面要求将激光功率耦合到１００～１０００μｍ光纤的激光功率。此系统装有透镜组件。光纤的尺寸由功率电平和聚焦光斑大小确定。聚焦透镜组件增大了纤芯（４：１），它一个可选择穿孔和...     

自聚焦透镜的光斑尺寸与像差特性分析

对自聚焦透镜的光斑尺寸和像差特性进行了理论分析.利用自聚焦透镜光斑测量系统对样品的出射光斑进行了扫描,测得了光斑的大小；用读数显微镜和正方形网格图分别测量了样品的球差和畸变,并对光斑的测量作了误差分析,讨论了球差与畸变、光斑和像差之间的关系.所得结果对光斑质量的改善、像差特性的研究和自聚焦透镜的评估有一定的参考价值.     

平行光管测量透镜分辨率中观察系统对结果的影响及其它有关问题分析

透镜分辨率是透镜的重要参数之一，对理想透镜，通常用瑞利判据给出最小分辨率弧度，式中λ为光波波长，D为透镜直径，付立叶光学从频谱的角度分析，对于相干光给出了对于强度而言的透镜空间截止频率以及对于非相干光的对于复振幅而言的截止频率不难得出，所确定的透镜分辨率对于相干光来说不小于瑞利判据所给出分辨效率的二分之一（），至于非理想透镜，因为存在像差和色差，分辨率小于同一孔径的理想透镜，除了通过比较复杂的光学传递函数测定从而确定透镜的分辨率之外，通常采用比较简便的用平行光管直接测定透镜的分辨率，这是普物光学…     

频谱编码内窥成像技术

频谱编码成像技术是一种利用光栅在横向位置编码的新型生物组织成像技术。该技术采用一个光栅和一个聚焦透镜在样品上产生光谱编码线,无需额外扫描便可得到一条线的图像,跟频域干涉技术相结合,再加上慢速的线扫描便可获得三维图像,在内窥成像上具有很大的实用价值。在分析频谱编码成像技术基本原理的基础上,推导了主要的性能参数。通过对分辨率测试靶进行成像,验证分析影响横向分辨率的因素。结果表明,编码线方向的分辨率与入射光斑直径成反比,与焦距成正比;垂直于编码线方向分辨率要弱于编码线方向的分辨率。最后对洋葱样品进行成像,验证了频谱编码成像技术的可行性。     

用于头显液晶像源LED背光的双自由曲面透镜阵列设计

发光二极管(LED)已经成为头盔显示器液晶像源主流背光源。LED发散角较大,大量的光线无法得到有效利用而造成能量的浪费,故需要对LED进行二次光学设计以有效提高光效。背光包括由若干个LED组成的阵列。对单个LED设计了双曲面透镜,形成了8 mm直径的均匀圆形光斑。对单个透镜进行切割,以形成矩形光斑。但由于切割面的全反射,矩形面积内存在亮斑。对透镜进行了优化设计,获得了亮度均匀的矩形光斑。4个矩形透镜拼接成透镜阵列。为消除杂散光斑,对透镜再次进行了优化设计。根据设计结果加工了透镜阵列并对背光进行了实际测试。测试结果表明:和传统背光结构相比,采用两层扩散膜和透镜阵列后,背光亮度提高了96.4%,非均匀性由23.8%略提高到23.1%,半亮度视角由39°降低到23°。满足头盔显示器液晶像源背光的要求。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.