百皮秒脉冲放大中自相位调制效应实验研究

利用掺镱双包层光纤放大器对百皮秒单脉冲（重复频率1 Hz）进行了放大实验,分析了其放大过程中自相位调制对脉冲时域和频域特性的影响.采用小芯径（纤芯直径6.5 μm）掺镱双包层光纤作为增益介质,研究了放大器中从小信号增益到增益深度饱和整个变化过程中自相位调制引起的频谱展宽效应,并分析了SPM引起的脉冲波形和频谱光强分布的变化.采用布喇格光纤光栅扫描方法观察了其光谱的变化,解决了单脉冲光谱不易测量的问题.结果表明：区别于无源光纤中的自相位调制效应,随着抽运功率的增加,百皮秒脉冲放大过程中增益饱和效应和自相位调制效应的共同作用,使脉冲频谱分裂成不对称双峰结构,且光强分布先向短波后逐渐向长波集中.     

高功率掺镱双包层光纤放大器放大特性理论模拟

 运用掺镱双包层光纤放大器的理论模型，分析了连续和脉冲光放大时放大自发辐射(ASE)的计算方法。采用Runge-Kutta方法求解了考虑ASE稳态时掺镱双包层光纤放大器的放大特性，采用有限差分法求解了矩形、高斯和超高斯脉冲的放大特性。结果表明：用3 m长的双包层光纤、10 W的泵浦功率可以将脉宽3 ns、峰值功率为1 W的脉冲信号光峰值功率放大到15 kW左右；在饱和增益情况下，脉冲的波形变尖，宽度变窄；采用短的大模场双包层光纤和后向泵浦方式可以有效地降低ASE，并避免有害非线性效应。     

单频脉冲光纤放大器中受激布里渊散射实验研究

从实验上研究了掺镱(Yb)双包层光纤放大器中单频脉冲信号放大时,受激布里渊散射(SBS)引起的脉冲畸变现象。实验中采用的单频双包层光纤放大器光纤长度14m,内包层直径130μm,纤芯模场直径6.5μm,在单频脉宽200 ns脉冲放大,且峰值功率3.3 W时观察到后向SBS脉冲,脉宽明显小于输入信号脉宽,分析了受激布里渊散射引起放大脉冲波形畸变的随机特性和功率特性,并采用自由光谱范围30 GHz的法布里-珀罗(F-P)扫描干涉仪验证了SBS频移。     

亚百飞秒高功率掺镱大模面积光子晶体光纤飞秒激光放大器的实验研究

实验研究了掺镱双包层保偏大模面积光子晶体光纤飞秒激光放大器. 获得了平均功率达16W的飞秒激光放大输出,在50MHz重复频率下,对应的单脉冲能量达到320nJ. 增益光纤长3.5m,由于自相位调制效应,种子光脉冲光谱在放大过程中同时展宽,从而支持更窄的脉冲宽度. 经过光栅后,脉冲宽度压缩到了85fs. 系统中的振荡器和放大器基于同一种具有偏振结构的大模面积光子晶体光纤,具有很好的环境稳定性和进一步集成的可能. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 大模场面积光纤 飞秒激光 光纤放大器     

脉冲抽运掺镱脉冲光纤放大器理论研究

对主振荡功率放大器(MOPA)方式脉冲抽运双包层掺镱脉冲光纤放大器进行了理论研究,分析了放大中抽运脉冲、激光脉冲和拉曼斯托克斯光脉冲的相互作用过程.对增益光纤中上能级粒子数密度随抽运时间的变化进行了分析,求出了最佳抽运脉冲宽度.随着抽运功率的增加,放大过程中出现的受激拉曼效应(SRS)将抑制激光脉冲能量的增加,当采用最佳抽运功率时激光脉冲的能量可达到最大值.分析了光纤长度、纤芯直径对最佳抽运功率、激光脉冲和一级斯托克斯光脉冲的影响.结果表明,当最佳抽运功率时,采用纤芯较粗、长度较短的增益光纤,可以抑制受激拉曼效应,提高激光脉冲的能量与峰值功率.     

光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射阈值

 从受激布里渊散射(SBS)耦合波理论出发,根据双包层光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射阈值模型,理论仿真了信号带宽、纤芯直径、放大器增益对SBS阈值的影响,并从实验上研究了单频百纳秒脉冲信号在掺镱双包层光纤放大器中的受激布里渊散射现象。实验中输入脉冲信号重复频率1 Hz,脉宽200 ns,对不同的输入脉冲信号放大,前向放大脉冲在脉冲能量660 nJ、峰值功率3.3 W时出现畸变,产生后向SBS窄脉冲,达到了SBS阈值,实验计算的SBS阈值与理论分析结果基本一致。     

掺镱光纤放大器的啁啾脉冲失谐放大特性

 研究了掺镱光纤放大器对中心频率为1 053nm的啁啾脉冲放大特性，发现针对高斯或超高斯脉冲，采用合适的带宽及入射光强能够使增益饱和和失谐放大相互消弱，从而得到一个良好的放大脉冲形状。计算了掺镱光纤放大器失谐放大带来的相位调制，发现对压缩质量影响较小。     

FEMLAB在模拟掺镱双包层光纤放大器脉冲放大特性的应用1

应用FEMLAB软件模拟掺镱双包层光纤放大器的脉冲放大特性.计算了在915 nm前向抽运下，光纤放大器中的上能级粒子数，抽运光和放大自发辐射在光纤中的稳态分布,以及高斯脉冲和方波脉冲的输出、能量及增益特性.与文献上的结果进行比较证明了该程序的有效性.     

掺Yb双包层光纤放大器的瞬态增益和频率响应

在理论上和实验上对掺Yb双包层光纤放大器(YDCFA)的瞬态增益特性进行了研究.建立了简化的瞬态增益基本模型,数值计算了低频光脉冲经过双包层光纤的放大波形,分析了瞬态增益饱和和恢复特性.在实验中对种子源放大的YDCFA的脉冲特性进行了分析,证实了其瞬态增益的低频响应特性.     

包层泵浦fs光纤放大器的实验研究

 在实验上对双包层光纤放大器进行了研究。采用新型内包层为六边形的铒镱共掺双包层光纤作为放大介质，用带尾纤的半导体激光器进行泵浦，对fs光脉冲进行放大。当用2.5 W的入纤功率泵浦50 cm长的双包层铒镱光纤时，把平均功率为10.8 mW、重复频率20.84 MHz的激光放大到176 mW，增益为12.2 dB，相应的单脉冲能量为8.1 nJ，放大后脉冲宽度为480 fs，峰值功率为16 kW。     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.