贝利相与非线性输运

电子输运现象包含一系列很重要的材料性质,并可以用来提供关于载体物理系统的很多信息。在 最近的二三十年,人们逐渐认识到除了电子能谱之外,电子在布里渊区的几何性质,比如贝利曲率和 轨道磁矩,会在电子输运中起到关键性的作用。在线性输运现象中的此种关联已引起广泛的兴趣并得 到深入的研究。然而,在非线性输运现象中的电子几何性质的作用的研究最近才逐渐起步。此种关联 可以大大加深对各种非线性输运现象的认识,并对如何从材料控制上调节非线性现象的强度提供有价 值的研究视角和指导原则。基于此背景,本文试图引入研究输运现象的半经典理论框架,并在几种输 运现象中举例说明贝利相的作用。     

贝利相与非线性输运（英文）

电子输运现象包含一系列很重要的材料性质,并可以用来提供关于载体物理系统的很多信息。在最近的二三十年,人们逐渐认识到除了电子能谱之外,电子在布里渊区的几何性质,比如贝利曲率和轨道磁矩,会在电子输运中起到关键性的作用。在线性输运现象中的此种关联已引起广泛的兴趣并得到深人的研究。然而,在非线性输运现象中的电子几何性质的作用的研究最近才逐渐起步。此种关联可以大大加深对各种非线性输运现象的认识,并对如何从材料控制上调节非线性现象的强度提供有价值的研究视角和指导原则。基于此背景,本文试图引入研究输运现象的半经典理论框架,并在几种输运现象中举例说明贝利相的作用。     

新型非线性光学材料──有机分子晶体与共轭聚合物晶体

许多光学现象如低强光下的电光效应、光弹效应,高强光下的光混频以及一些光散射效应,都在非线性光学之列.其中二阶非线性光学过程在非线性光学器件、远距离通讯和光混频中有着广泛的应用,因而研究十分活跃.但是,迄今多数研究限于无机绝缘体和半导体,因为人们对无机电介质的介电、压电、铁电性质,以及半导体中的输运现象的研究比较深入,对这些材料的性能比较熟悉. 七十年代以来,有机分子晶体和共轭聚合物晶体的非线性光学性质引起人们极大的兴趣.因为有机材料的二阶非线性光学系数极高(在许多情况下,比最好的无机晶体如KDP和LiNbO3高一个…     

长程电子关联对聚合物中激子极化率的影响

本文研究了在外电场下高分子的线性极化率和三阶非线性极化率,发现电子电子相互作用使激子线性极化率和三阶非线性极化率都降低,而长程电子关联效应的作用更进一步降低 和。准确地计算高分子聚合物的极化率可以更好的理解共轭聚合物的长程电子关联对有机分子线性和非线性响应的影响,确定其结构与非线性光学性质的关系。     

长程电子关联对聚合物中激子极化率的影响

本文研究了在外电场下高分子的线性极化率和三阶非线性极化率,发现电子-电子相互作用使激子线性极化率χ(1)xx和三阶非线性极化率χ(3)xxxx都降低,而长程电子关联效应的作用更进一步降低χ(1)xx和χ(3)xxxx.准确地计算高分子聚合物的极化率可以更好的理解共轭聚合物的长程电子关联对有机分子线性和非线性响应的影响,确定其结构与非线性光学性质的关系.     

H-在金属面附近光剥离的波包动力学研究

利用波包演化和自关联函数方法对H^-在金属面附近光剥离的波包动力学进行了研究.结果表明,金属面附近光剥离电子的波包演化和回归结构与H^-到金属面的距离、激光脉冲的脉冲宽度和初始动量都有一定的关系.因此,可以通过改变离子表面距离和激光脉冲的参数对光剥离电子的动力学性质进行调控研究.除此之外,光剥离电子的镜像态寿命对波包的演化和自关联函数也会产生一定的影响:考虑镜像态寿命的影响时,随着时间的演化,波包概率密度的振幅逐渐减小,波包整体上有明显的衰减,寿命对波包演化过程中的干涉有削弱的作用;通过对电子波包的自关联函数研究,发现无限长寿命的电子波包有很好的量子回归现象,而当考虑寿命因素后光剥离电子波包随着时间的演化会发生周期性的坍塌和扩散,经过一段时间后,该回归现象消失.本文的理论研究可以为表面附近电子波包动力学的实验研究提供一定的参考价值. 关键词： 波包 演化和回归 自关联函数 金属面     

随机磁场中的动力学方程

本文讨论了随机磁场中的等离子体的关联与随机性质,导出了关联函数与动力学方程。在此基础上给出了输运方程,并讨论了输运现象的若干特征。 关键词：     

非高斯噪声对惯性棘轮中粒子负迁移率的影响

利用随机模拟方法研究了惯性棘轮中非高斯噪声对负迁移率的影响. 分别模拟了绝对负迁移率(ANM), 非线性迁移率(NNM) 和负微分迁移率(NDM) 等三种反常输运现象. 计算结果表明: 1) 在不同的参数空间里, 非高斯噪声参数q 能够增强或者削弱ANM, 诱导NNM 和NDM; 2) 当q 较大时, 反常输运现象转化为正常输运; 3) 随着q 逐渐增大, 平均速度- 关联时间特性曲线朝着关联时间较小的方向移动并且其峰值逐渐减小. 关键词： 反常输运 负迁移率 非高斯噪声     

磁性Weyl半金属的实现及其巨反常霍尔效应

正作为一个重要的电输运现象,反常霍尔效应的发现已有近140年的历史。长期以来的研究表明,反常霍尔效应在不同的条件下呈现出迥异的主导机制~([1])。一是由杂质原子散射所引起的外禀过程,一是晶体能带的贝利曲率所驱动的内禀行为。作为动量空间里的赝磁场,贝利曲率源于布洛赫电子的带间相互作用,对其在整个布里渊     

低维纳米材料量子热输运与自旋热电性质 ——非平衡格林函数方法的应用

低维材料不断涌现的新奇性质吸引着科学研究者的目光. 除了电子的量子输运行为之外, 人们也陆续发现和确认了热输运中显著的量子行为, 如 热导低温量子化、声子子带、尺寸效应、瓶颈效应等. 这些小尺度体系的热输运性质可以很好地用非平衡格林函数来描述. 本文首先介绍了量子热输运的特性、声子非平衡格林函数方法及其在低维纳米材料中的研究进展; 其次回顾了近年来在 一系列低维材料中发现的热-自旋输运现象. 这些自旋热学现象展现了全新的热电转换机制, 有助于设计新型的热电转换器件, 同时也给出了用热产生自旋流的新途径; 最后介绍了线性响应理论以及在此理论框架下结合声子、电子非平衡格林函数方法进行的一些有益的探索. 量子热输运的研究对热效应基础研究以及声子学器件、能量转换器件的发展有着不可替代的重要作用.     

Geometrical optics of beams with vortices: Berry phase and orbital angular momentum Hall effect

We consider propagation of a paraxial beam carrying the spin angular momentum (polarization) and intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM) in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium. It is shown that the presence of IOAM can dramatically enhance and rearrange the topological phenomena that previously were considered solely in connection to the polarization of transverse waves. In particular, the appearance of a new type of Berry phase that describes the parallel transport of the beam structure along a curved ray is predicted. We derive the ray equations demonstrating the splitting of beams with different values of IOAM. This is the orbital angular momentum Hall effect, which resembles the Magnus effect for optical vortices. Unlike the spin Hall effect of photons, it can be much larger in magnitude and is inherent to waves of any nature. Experimental means to detect the phenomena are discussed.     

Adiabatic Berry phase in an atom-molecule conversion system

We investigate the Berry phase of adiabatic quantum evolution in the atom-molecule conversion system that is governed by a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We find that the Berry phase consists of two parts: the usual Berry connection term and a novel term from the nonlinearity brought forth by the atom-molecule coupling. The total geometric phase can be still viewed as the flux of the magnetic field of a monopole through the surface enclosed by a closed path in parameter space. The charge of the monopole, however, is found to be one third of the elementary charge of the usual quantized monopole. We also derive the classical Hannay angle of a geometric nature associated with the adiabatic evolution. It exactly equals minus Berry phase, indicating a novel connection between Berry phase and Hannay angle in contrast to the usual derivative form.     

Nonlinear Hall Effect in Antiferromagnetic Half-Heusler Materials

It has recently been demonstrated that various topological states, including Dirac, Weyl, nodal-line, and triplepoint semimetal phases, can emerge in antiferromagnetic(AFM) half-Heusler compounds. However, how to determine the AFM structure and to distinguish different topological phases from transport behaviors remains unknown. We show that, due to the presence of combined time-reversal and fractional translation symmetry, the recently proposed second-order nonlinear Hall effect can be used to characterize different topological phases with various AFM configurations. Guided by the symmetry analysis, we obtain expressions of the Berry curvature dipole for different AFM configurations. Based on the effective model, we explicitly calculate the Berry curvature dipole, which is found to be vanishingly small for the triple-point semimetal phase, and large in the Weyl semimetal phase. Our results not only put forward an effective method for the identification of magnetic orders and topological phases in AFM half-Heusler materials, but also suggest these materials as a versatile platform for engineering the nonlinear Hall effect.     

球几何中子输运保正线性间断有限元格式

针对球几何中子输运方程线性间断有限元方法计算的负中子通量问题,构造了保正线性间断有限元格式,该格式保持中子角通量0阶矩和1阶矩。现有方法计算中子角通量非负时,采用传统的线性间断有限元方法,求解线性方程组;原方法计算出现负通量,则采用构造的保正格式,求解非线性方程组。编制了球几何中子输运问题保正格式程序模块,并集成到应用程序。数值算例表明构造的保正格式计算的中子通量非负,有效降低数值误差,提高数值计算的精度。     

非线性光学超构表面

在线性光学范畴内,人们已经通过亚波长尺度的超薄超构表面成功实现了对光的众多新颖特性的调控功能.其主要理念是通过对具有亚波长尺度且空间方向变化的超构功能基元进行特定的排列,从而实现对光的偏振、相位和振幅的有效控制.近来,超构表面上的非线性光学特性也引起了大家的广泛关注.在本综述中,我们对非线性光学超构表面的设计、超构功能单元的材料和对称性选择、非线性手性光学、非线性贝里几何相位和非线性波前整形等内容进行了总结;最后对非线性光学超构表面在调控光与物质的相互作用中面临的挑战和前景进行了展望.     

The rich phenomenology of Brownian particles in nonlinear potential landscapes

Non-interacting Brownian particles obey Langevin equations fulfilling a fluctuation–dissipation relation between friction and thermal noise. Under a linear potential (constant force) Einstein found a relation between diffusion and transport through mobility. In nonlinear potentials this prediction is only satisfied within the limits of very small and large constant external forces. Moreover, other more interesting behaviors do appear, such as: dispersionless transport, sorting, giant diffusion, subdiffusion, superdiffusion, subtransport, etc. All these phenomena depend on the characteristics of the nonlinear potential landscape: periodic or random, the symmetries and boundary conditions. Moreover, the presence of transport is the keystone of most of this phenomenology. In this review, we present numerical simulations illustrating these facts and theoretical analysis when possible.     

New method for calculating the Berry connection in atom-molecule systems

In the mean-field theory of atom-molecule systems,where the bosonic atoms combine to form molecules,there is no usual U(1) symmetry,which presents an apparent hurdle for calculating the Berry connection in these systems.We develop a perturbation expansion method of Hannay’s angle suitable for calculating the Berry curvature in the atom-molecule systems.With this Berry curvature,the Berry connection can be computed naturally.We use a three-level atom-molecule system to illustrate our results.In particular,with this method,we compute the curvature for Hannay’s angle analytically,and compare it to the Berry curvature obtained with the second-quantized model of the same system.An excellent agreement is found,indicating the validity of our method.     

Spin Hall effect and Berry phase of spinning particles

We consider the adiabatic evolution of the Dirac equation in order to compute its Berry curvature in momentum space. It is found that the position operator acquires an anomalous contribution due to the non-Abelian Berry gauge connection making the quantum mechanical algebra noncommutative. A generalization to any known spinning particles is possible by using the Bargmann–Wigner equation of motions. The noncommutativity of the coordinates is responsible for the topological spin transport of spinning particles similarly to the spin Hall effect in spintronic physics or the Magnus effect in optics. As an application we predict new dynamics for nonrelativistic particles in an electric field and for photons in a gravitational field.