AlOx prepared by atomic layer deposition for high efficiency-type crystalline silicon solar cell

The influence of atomic layer deposition parameters on the negative charge density in AlOx film is investigated by the corona-charge measurement. Results show that the charge density can reach up to -1.56×10^12 cm%-2 when the thickness of the film is 2.4 nm. The influence of charge density on cell conversion efficiency is further simulated using solar cell analyzing software （PC1D）. With AlOx passivating the rear surface of the silicon, the cell efficiency of 20.66% can be obtained.     

Ferromagnetic barrier-induced negative differential conductance on the surface of a topological insulator

The effect of the negative differential conductance of a ferromagnetic barrier on the surface of a topological insulat（ is theoretically investigated. Due to the changes of the shape and position of the Fermi surfaces in the ferromagnetic barrie the transport processes can be divided into three kinds： the total, partial, and blockade transmission mechanisms. The bias voltage can give rise to the transition of the transport processes from partial to blockade transmission mechanisms, which results in a considerable effect of negative differential conductance. With appropriate structural parameters, the currenl voltage characteristics show that the minimum value of the current can reach to zero in a wide range of the bias voltag and then a large peak-to-valley current ratio can be obtained.     

Negative Temperature of Inner Horizon and Planck Absolute Entropy of a Kerr-Newman Black Hole

Considering the contribution of both the outer and inner horizons, the Hamilton-Jacobi method is applied to a Kerr-Newman black hole and a negative temperature of the inner horizon is obtained. Under the negative temperature inside the black hole, the thermodynamics of the two horizons is studied, and the new Bekenstein-Smarr formula is given. The entropies of the inner and outer horizons are all positive. The new entropy expression of the black hole satisfies the Nernst Theorem and can be regarded as the Planck absolute entropy.     

Breather Lattice Solutions to Negative mKdV Equation

In this paper, dependent and independent variable transformations are introduced to solve the negative mKdV equation systematically by using the knowledge of elliptic equation and Jacobian elliptic functions. It is shown that different kinds of solutions can be obtained to the negative mKdV equation, including breather lattice solution and periodic wave solution.     

Influence of electron–phonon interaction on the properties of transport through double quantum dot with ferromagnetic leads

Electronic transport through a vibrating double quantum dot （DQD） in contact with noncollinear ferromagnetic （FM） leads is investigated. The state transition between the two dots of the DQD is excited by an AC microwave driving field. The corresponding currents and differential conductance are calculated in the Coulomb blockade regime by means of the Born-Markov master equation. It is shown that the interplay between electrons and phonons gives rise to phonon-assisted tunneling resonances and Franck-Condon blockade under certain conditions. In noncollinear magnetic configurations, spin-blockade effects are also observed, and the angle of polarization has some influence on the transport characteristics.     

Axial charges of N（1535） and N（1650） in two-flavor lattice QCD

We show the lattice QCD results on the axial charge gAN＊-N＊ of negative parity nucleon resonances, N＊（1535） and N＊（1650）, which are key clues to the chiral structure in baryon sector. The measurements are performed with up and down dynamical quarks employing the renormalization-group improved gauge action at β=1.95 and the O（a） improved clover quark action with the hopping parameters, κ=0.1375, 0.1390 and 0.1400. In order to properly separate signals of N＊ （1535） and N＊ （1650）, we construct 2 × 2 correlation matrices and diagonalize them. Wraparound contributions in the correlator, which can be another source of signal contaminations, are eliminated by imposing the Dirichlet boundary condition in the temporal direction. We find that the axial charge of N＊ （1535） takes small values as gAN＊N＊-O（0.1）, whereas that of N＊ （1650） is about 0.5, which is found independent of quark masses and consistent with the predictions by the naive nonrelativistic quark model.     

Discrete Alfven eigenmodes in international thermonuclear experimental reactor operations with negative magnetic shear

Discrete Alfven eigenmodes in steady-state operation scenarios with negative magnetic shear in the international thermonuclear experimental reactor are investigated in this paper. These magnetohydrodynamic eigenmodes are trapped by the s-induced potential wells along the magnetic field line. Here α = -q2Rdβ/dr with q being the safety factor, the ratio between plasma and magnetic pressures, and R the major radius, and r the minor radius. Due to negligible continuum damping via wave energy tunneling, these Alfven eigenmodes could be readily destabilized by energetic particles.     

Asymmetry in Negative Refraction of Nonlinear Waves

Recently, inwardly propagating waves （called antiwaves, AWs） in nonlinear oscillatory systems have attracted much attention. An interesting negative refraction phenomenon has been observed in a bidomain system where one medium supports forwardly propagating waves （normal waves, NWs） and the other AWs. In this paper we find that negative refraction （NR） in nonlinear media has an asymmetric property, i.e., NR can be observed only by applying wave source with proper frequency to one medium, but not the other. Moreover, NR appears always when the incident waves are dense and the refractional waves are sparse. This asymmetry is a particular feature for nonlinear NR, which can neither be observed in linear refraction processes （both positive and negative refractions） nor in nonlinear positive refraction. The mechanism underlying the asymmetry of nonlinear NR are fully understood based on the competition of nonlinear waves.     

A Krein quantization approach to Klein paradox

In this paper we first introduce the famous Klein tization approach and taking the negative modes into account densities could be achieved without confronting any paradox. paradox. Afterwards by proposing the Krein quan- , we will show that the expected and exact current     

Phase transition and thermal expansion property of Cr_(2-x)Zr_(0.5x)Mg_(0.5x)Mo_3O_(12) solid solution

Compounds with the formula Cr2-xZr0.5xMg0.5xMo3O12（x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9） are synthesized, and the effects of Zr4＋ and Mg2＋ co-incorporation on the phase transition, thermal expansion, and Raman mode are investigated. It is found that Cr2-xZr0.5xMg0.5xMo3O12 crystallize into monoclinic structures for x 〈 1.3 and orthorhombic structures for x _〉 1.5 at room temperature. The phase transition temperature from a monoclinic to an orthorhombic structure of Cr2Mo3O12 can be reduced by the partial substitution of （ZrMg）6＋ for Cr3＋. The overall linear thermal expansion coefficient decreases with the increase of the （ZrMg）6＋ content in an orthorhombic structure sample. The co-incorporation of Zr4＋ and Mg2＋ in the lattice results in the occurrence of new Raman modes and the hardening of the symmetric vibrational modes, which are attributed to the MoO4 tetrahedra sharing comers with ZrO6/MgO6 octahedra and to the strengthening of Mo-O bonds due to less electronegativities of Zr4＋ and Mg2＋ than Cr3＋, respectively.     

Evolution law of a negative binomial state in an amplitude dissipative channel

For the first time we derive the evolution law of the negative binomial state In） （nI in an ampli-tude dissipative channel with a damping constant to. We find that after passing through the channel, the final state is still a negative binomial state, however the parameter γ evolves into The decay law of theaverage photon number is also obtained.     

Soliton Solutions for a Negative Order AKNS Equationt

In this short paper, bilinear form of a negative order AKNS equation is given. The N-soliton solutions are obtained through Hiorta＇s direct method.     

Soliton Solutions for a Negative Order AKNS Equation Hierarchy

In this paper, bilinear form of a negative order AKNS equation hierarchy is given. The soliton solutions are obtained through Hiorta＇s direct method.     

Application of low energy theorems to the new particles

Discussion Compton scattering on the new states we establish the following: The spin J^P = 2⁺ state, an orbital excitation of ψ, must exist, and its coupling to the ψ(3084) is related to the coupling ψX(2800). A spin higher than 2 (probably 3) with negative charge conjugation must exist, and its couplings can be related to the ψ2⁺γ and ψ′2⁺γ couplings. This state might have a substantial radiative width to the 2⁺. These results depend on a saturation assumption of the sum rules, which has always worked well. Its failure will also be of interest.     

First-Principles Calculations of Atomic and Electronic Properties of T1 and In on Si（111）

The atomic and electronic structures of T1 and In on Si（111） surfaces are investigated using the firstprinciples total energy calculations. Total energy optimizations show that the energetically favored structure is 1/3 ML T1 adsorbed at the T4 sites on Si（111） surfaces. The adsorption energy difference of one T1 adatom between （√3 × √3） and （1 × 1） is less than that of each In adatom. The DOS indicates that TI 6p and Si 3p electrons play a very important role in the formation of the surface states. It is concluded that the bonding of TI adatoms on Si（111） surfaces is mainly polar covalent, which is weaker than that of In on Si（111）. So T1 atom is more easy to be migrated than In atom in the same external electric field and the structures of T1 on Si（111） is prone to switch between （√3 × √3） and （1 × 1）.     

Study on the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT

Physical designing of the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT is carried out, which includes the deflecting voltage, the length and the width of the deflecting plates, and the gap between the deflecting plates. The most outstanding feature of the design is that both the gap and the width vary with the beam envelope size. So both the requried deflecting voltage and the loaded capacitance are lowered. In order to avoid destruction of the space charge neutralization by the pre-chopper in the whole LEBT, an electron-trapping electrode is arranged to confine the electrostatic field of the pre-chopper to the local area. To examine the reliability of the pre-chopping design in CSNS LEBT, a similar pre-chopping design in ADS RFQ LEBT is set up and an experiment on the pre-chopper is prepared. 3-dimensional simulations are carried out to determine the loaded capacitance and the applied voltage of the electron-trapping electrode.     

Metric of States

Metric of quantum states plays an important role in quantum information theory. In this letter, we find the deep connection between quantum logic theory and quantum information theory. Using the method of quantum logic, we can get a famous inequality in quantum information theory, and we answer a question raised by S. Gudder.     

Synchronization in a Mutualism Ecosystem Induced by Noise Correlation

Understanding the cause of the synchronization of population evolution is an important issue for ecological improvement. Here we present a Lotka-Volterra-type model driven by two correlated environmental noises and show, via theoretical analysis and direct simulation, that noise correlation can induce a synchronization of the mutualists. The time series of mutual species exhibit a chaotic-like fluctuation, which is independent of the noise correlation, however, the chaotic fluctuation of mutual species ratio decreases with the noise correlation. A quantitative parameter defined for characterizing chaotic fluctuation provides a good approach to measure when the complete synchronization happens.     

Entropy of Quantum Dynamical Systems and Sufficient Families in Orthomodular Lattices with Bayessian State

The purpose of the present paper is to study the entropy hs（Ф） of a quantum dynamical systems Ф = （ L, s, Ф）, where s is a bayessian state on an orthomodular lattice L. Having introduced the notion of entropy hs（ Ф, A） of partition A of a Boolean algebra B with respect to a state s and a state preserving homomorphism Ф, we prove a few results on that, define the entropy of a dynamical system hs（Ф）, and show its invariance. The concept of sufficient families is also given and we establish that hs （Ф） comes out to be equal to the supremum of hs （Ф,A）, where A varies over any sufficient family. The present theory has then been extended to the quantum dynamical system （ L, s, Ф）, which as an effect of the theory of commutators and Bell inequalities can equivalently be replaced by the dynamical system （B, s0, Ф）, where B is a Boolean algebra and so is a state on B.     

Remarks on interpretations of the Eotvos experiment and misinterpretation of E=mc^2

The Eotvos experiment on the verification of equivalence between inertial mass and gravitational mass of a body is famous for its accuracy. A question is, however, can these experimental results be applied to the case of a physical space in general relativity, where the space coordinates could be arbitrary？ It is pointed out that it can be validly applied because it has been proven that Einstein＇s equivalence principle for a physical space must have a frame of reference with the Euclidean-like structure. Will claimed further that such an overall accuracy can be translated into an accuracy of the equivalence between inertial mass and each type of energy. It is shown that, according to general relativity, such a claim is incorrect. The root of this problem is due to an inadequate understanding of special relativity that produced the famous equation E=mc^2, which must be understood in terms of energy conservation. Concurrently, it is pointed out that this error is a problem in Will＇s book, ‘Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics＇.