掺杂碱金属与碱土金属的CuO-CeO_2催化剂的漫反射红外光谱分析

CuO-CeO2系列催化剂是高效的CO选择性氧化反应的催化剂,通过原位漫反射红外光谱对掺杂碱金属和碱土金属氧化物的CuO-CeO2催化剂表面的吸附物种进行了研究。结果表明CuO-CeO2系列催化剂上,2 106 cm-1处出现CO的红外吸附峰。在反应气氛中,此峰的强度随着温度先升高后降低,说明Cu+是CO主要的活性吸附中心。低温下催化剂表面吸附的CO主要以可逆形式脱附出来,而高温下CO则以不可逆的形式脱附出来。催化剂表面在3 660 cm-1处出现尖锐的红外峰,归属于CeO2经还原产生的Ce-(OH)2偕式基团。在1 568,2 838和2 948 cm-1附近处出现甲酸根的红外谱峰,以及1 257和1 633 cm-1处出现碳酸根物种的红外峰。甲酸根物种是气相的CO与表面的羟基反应生成的产物,该物种的C—H键断裂生成碳酸根物种,这两物种均会降低催化剂的高温活性。Cu1Li1Ce9Oδ催化剂出现较强的CO2和甲酸根的红外峰,温度高于180℃时,该催化剂上还能看到微弱的CO红外峰,说明锂离子的给电子性质有利于提高Cu1Li1Ce9Oδ催化剂上CO的不可逆脱附,抑制氢的活化吸附,同时促进了甲酸根物种的生成。低温下Cu1Mg1Ce9Oδ和Cu1Ba1Ce9Oδ催化剂上CO的吸附量较多,但主要以可逆脱附形式脱附出来,对CO选择性氧化没有贡献。     

CO选择性氧化用Cu_1Zr_1Ce_9O_δ催化剂的红外光谱研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂,用于富氢气体中CO的选择性氧化反应,利用原位漫反射红外光谱技术考察了Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂表面上的吸附物种和反应中间产物。研究发现,H2,O2和CO物种竞争吸附于Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ表面相同的吸附位上。氢气预处理会引起Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂上Cu+物种的深度还原,降低了CO的吸附量。氧气预处理为催化剂提供了较多的活性氧物种,同时抑制了Cu+物种的深度还原。氦气预处理仅起到净化催化剂表面的作用。180℃时Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂在2938.7和2843.8cm-1处出现桥式和双齿型甲酸根物种的红外吸收峰。Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂上活性较高的氧阴离子在常温下即可将催化剂表面上吸附的CO氧化成表面碳酸根。甲酸根和碳酸根物种占据Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂的吸附中心,导致催化剂活性降低。300℃下用氦气吹扫Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂表面,双齿型的甲酸根物种分解生成碳酸根物种,碳酸根物种再继续分解生成CO2,释放出催化剂表面的吸附位,恢复了Cu1Zr1Ce9Oδ催化剂的活性。     

ZnO/MCM-41复合材料的制备及其光谱性质

以硅酸钠(NaSiO3·9H2O)为硅源,三甲基十六烷基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂在碱性条件下水热合成介孔分子筛MCM-41,然后以其为主体,采用锌盐浸渍-灼烧的方法.在介孔分子筛MCM-41上负载了氧化锌(ZnO)纳米微粒,并通过扫描电子显微镜,红外光谱(1R).紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis),N2-吸附脱附和荧光光谱等手段对产品进行了系列表征.结果表明,分子筛平均直径约为1.7μm,对不同温度下灼烧后得到的ZnO/MCM-41组装体的光谱性质进行研究表明介孔分子筛MCM-41的尺寸所限,制备出的ZnO粒子粒径小于2 nm.量子尺寸效应使得ZnO/MCM-41组装体中的ZnO纳米粒子的紫外可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱均发生蓝移.通过红外光谱分析得知ZnO负载到MCM-41上并没有改变介孔分子筛原有的骨架结构.     

聚乙烯亚胺改性介孔二氧化硅SBA-15微观结构的小角X射线散射及正电子湮没谱学研究

SBA-15由于具有高比表面积、孔容大、孔径可调、热稳定性好和成本相对低廉等优点,在吸附、分离、催化和纳米材料等领域具有广泛的应用前景,而利用有机官能团改性SBA-15已经成为当前材料的热点之一,但有机官能团的引入势必会影响材料的孔结构,进而影响其性能.因此,如何更全面地表征材料的孔结构也成为人们关注的焦点.采用小角X射线散射(SAXS)技术对PEI/SBA-15介孔分子筛的孔结构进行表征,利用相关函数和弦长分布理论得到了聚乙烯亚胺改性介孔二氧化硅(PEI/SBA-15)的孔结构和周期性信息,结合正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)技术进行比较.结果表明:随着PEI质量分数的增加,PEI/SBA-15介孔分子筛的周期性结构没有发生明显变化,通过弦长分布(CLD)函数得到的孔径尺寸也仅从8.3 nm降至7.6 nm.利用PALS获得了2种长寿命组分τ₃和τ₄,其中τ₃反映了SBA-15基体内部的无规微孔结构,而τ₄反映SBA-15六方孔道的尺寸,与SAXS结果相比,介孔孔径具有相同的变化趋势.通过结合SAXS...     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/MCM-48的制备及其光催化降解农药(英文)

以介孔分子筛MCM-48为载体,采用水热法制备了负载磷钨酸H3PW12O40(HPW)的多金属氧酸盐催化剂HPW/MCM-48。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、小角度X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附检测和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对其结构进行了表征,并以农药吡虫啉和百草枯为对象,考察了所制备的HPW/MCM-48的光催化降解活性。结果表明,采用水热法制备的催化剂保持了MCM-48的介孔分子筛结构和HPW的Keggin结构,比表面积783.35m2·g-1,孔体积1.46cm3·g-1,平均孔径2.76nm,相比于母体HPW,HPW/MCM-48的比表面积大大增加;在365nm紫外光下反应14h后,20mg剂量HPW/MCM-48催化剂能使50mL,10mg·L-1吡虫啉和百草枯的降解率分别达57.38%和63.79%,而HPW对两种农药的降解率在25%左右,空白组降解率均低于5%,说明负载后HPW对两农药的降解活性显著增强。动力学考察表明,HPW/MCM-48对农药降解过程符合一级动力学方程,对吡虫啉和百草枯这两种农药的降解速率常数Ka分别为0.089和0.117h,半衰期t1/2为7.8和5.9h。     

原位DRIFTS研究CH4部分氧化和CO2重整的耦合

8%Ru-5?/γ-Al2O3催化剂对于甲烷的低温活化具有较好的催化活性,在500℃下甲烷、二氧化碳和氧气的耦合反应中,吸热反应二氧化碳重整和放热反应甲烷部分氧化进行耦合强化,使得耦合反应中的甲烷转化率为38.8%。用原位漫反射傅里叶红外光谱法对钌系催化剂耦合甲烷部分氧化和二氧化碳重整反应体系机理进行研究。CO在8%Ru-5?/γ-Al2O3上吸附,表明CO在催化剂表面上波数为2 167 cm-1(2 118 cm-1)和2031 cm-1(2 034 cm-1)处形成孪生态Ru(CO)2和Ce(CO)2吸附物种,而且高温下CO吸附物种很容易从催化剂表面脱附出来。原位漫反射红外实验结果表明甲烷部分氧化反应时催化剂表面上有吸附物种碳酸根、甲酰基(甲酸盐)和一氧化碳的形成,其中表面的甲酰基和甲酸盐物种是甲烷部分氧化反应的主要活性中间物,这些中间活性中间体由甲烷吸附态CHx和催化剂表面的氧吸附态结合而形成的,随后这种中间物种再分解为CO产物;甲烷和二氧化碳重整反应时没有新的吸附物种产生,由此提出重整反应的机理是吸附态的甲烷和二氧化碳在催化剂活性中心上进行活化解离而生成合成气;甲烷、二氧化碳和氧气耦合反应过程中出现新的羟基物种(桥式羟基Ru-(OH)2),耦合反应机理复杂可能是由部分氧化和重整两类反应机理的复合,其中桥式羟基Ru-(OH)2参与了反应的进行。     

MCM-41负载磷钨酸的制备与表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用水热合成法制备了介孔分子筛MCM-41,并利用浸渍法将磷钨酸(HPW)负载在MCM-41分子筛上,得到HPW/MCM-41催化剂f采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜等手段对负载型催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,磷钨酸负载到MCM-...     

电子偶素在OMC/SBA-15,OMC@SBA-15及CuO@SBA-15催化剂中的化学猝灭

以P123为结构导向剂、TEOS为硅源制备了有序介孔二氧化硅SBA-15,并以此为模板制备了有序介孔碳(OMC).小角X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜和N₂吸附/脱附等测试结果均证实SBA-15与OMC具有高度有序的孔结构、相对较高的比表面积,且孔洞平均尺寸分别约为7.5 nm和3.3 nm.分别采用固相反应法和浸渍填充法制备了OMC/SBA-15复合材料和OMC@SBA-15及CuO@SBA-15复合材料.随着OMC和CuO质量分数的增大,3种复合材料中o-Ps寿命τ₄和其强度I₄均减小.o-Ps湮没率λ₄随OMC和CuO质量分数的变化可用一条或两条直线很好地拟合,OMC/SBA-15,OMC@SBA-15及CuO@SBA-15复合材料中反应速率常数k分别为(2.39±0.44)×10~7 s^-1/(6.65±0.94)×10~6 s^-1,(2.28±0.19)×10~7 s^-1和(8.76±0.47)×10~6 s^-1<...     

以MCM-22分子筛为前驱体制备MCM-36分子筛

以MCM-22分子筛为前驱体,对原料配比和合成步骤等参数进行调变,探索了MCM-36分子筛的合成规律。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和N2吸附-脱附等表征方法对所合成的MCM-36分子筛物理化学性质进行表征。结果表明,以MCM-22为前驱体,溶胀原料质量配比为1∶3∶1.2时,MCM-36分子筛介孔和微孔比表面积最大。     

原位漫反射红外光谱表征钛硅分子筛TS-1催化苯乙烯氧化反应

采用高温漫反射红外光谱考察了钛硅分子筛TS-1的稳定性,发现960 cm-1吸收峰在673 K时没有变化,表明所表征的骨架钛具有一定的高温稳定性,而表征分子筛骨架振动的两个吸收峰在673 K下向低波数位移了约13 cm-1。探讨了H₂O₂吸附对TS-1分子筛骨架钛的影响,发现960 cm-1处的吸收峰在吸附H₂O₂后强度减弱,并且向高波数位移了11 cm-1;抽真空或加热,吸收峰又复原,表明骨架钛可能存在TiO结构,H₂O₂与分子筛中的TiO作用,使相应的960 cm-1吸收峰向高波数位移。原位漫反射红外光谱考察了TS-1催化苯乙烯氧化反应,谱图分析表明,苯甲醛是主要产物,TS-1催化氧化的关键是H₂O₂吸附在TS-1的骨架钛上形成活性中心。     

Applicability of classical methods of pore size analysis for MCM-41 and SBA-15 silicas

Two most popular ordered mesoporous silicas, MCM-41 and SBA-15, exhibiting uniform mesopores of approximately cylindrical shapes, have been used as model adsorbents for verification, improvement and/or development of adsorption-based methods for characterization nanoporous materials. While the applicability of the classical methods for pore size analysis was widely examined by employing MCM-41 materials, the large-pore materials such as SBA-15 did not find adequate usage for this type of studies. The current work addresses the issue of applicability of classical methods such as Barrett-Joyner-Hallenda (BJH) and Broekhoff-de Boer (BdB) methods for pore size analysis of mesoporous silicas by using MCM-41 and SBA-15 materials as model adsorbents. In addition, the Kruk-Jaroniec-Sayari (KJS) method, which is based on the BJH algorithm and experimental relations for the pore width and statistical film thickness, is discussed too. While the MCM-41 materials cover the range of small mesopores (about 2-7 nm), the inclusion of SBA-15 materials allowed us to examine the range of the pore diameters up to about 12 nm. The high quality MCM-41 and SBA-15 samples are used to discuss the applicability and limitations of the aforementioned characterization methods and to propose some recommendations for pore size analysis of these materials.     

Comparison of silver nanoparticles confined in nanoporous silica prepared by chemical synthesis and by ultra-short pulsed laser ablation in liquid

Hexagonally ordered mesoporous silica materials, MCM-41 and SBA-15, have been synthesized and loaded with Ag nanoparticles, utilizing both chemical synthesis and ultra-short pulsed laser ablation in liquid. In laser ablation, a silver target, immersed in aqueous suspension of ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15, was irradiated by ultra-short laser pulses to generate silver nanoparticles. For comparison, samples of similar silver contents were prepared either by incorporating silver into the SBA-15 during a hydrothermal synthesis or by introducing silver in MCM-41 by template ion-exchange. Samples were characterized by XRD, N₂ physisorption, TEM and UV–vis spectroscopy. All preparations contained significant amount of 5–50 nm size silver agglomerates on the outer surface of the silica particles. The laser ablation process did not cause significant destruction of the SBA-15 structure and metallic silver (Ag⁰) nanoparticles were mainly generated. It is demonstrated that by laser ablation in aqueous silica suspension smaller and more uniform metallic silver particles can be produced and loaded on the surface of the silica support than by synthesis procedures. Catalytic properties of the samples have been tested in the total oxidation of toluene. Because of its favorable Ag dispersity, the Ag/SBA-15 catalyst, generated by the laser ablation method, had better catalytic stability and, relative to its Ag load, higher activity than the conventional Ag/SBA-15 preparations.     

Catalytic properties of mesoporous materials supported heteropoly acids for Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones

Three mesoporous molecular sieves loaded silicotungstic acids, named HSiW/SBA-15, HSiW/MCM-41, HSiW/MCM-48, were prepared and characterised by XRD, FT-IR, TEM and SEM. The catalytic performance of the prepared materials for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones was carried out in the presence of 30%H₂O₂ under mild conditions. These loading materials were proved to be efficient and reusable catalysts, they all exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclic ketones with 30% H₂O₂ as oxidant. Many cyclic ketones were efficiently converted to the corresponding lactones with up to 90% conversions and high selectivities under the optimum reaction conditions.

Cyclic ketones were efficiently oxidised by mesoporous materials sopported silicotungstic acid to the corresponding lactones with 30%H₂O₂ as oxidant. All of the catalysts showed promising recyclability in the reactions.     

Modification of functionalized mesoporous silica on the formation and the catalytic performance of platinum nanocatalysts

Several functionalized mesoporous silicas (MCM-41 and SBA-15 terminated with amino groups by multistep graft) are prepared and used as carriers for platinum nanoparticles. Modification of the grafted molecules is investigated on the component of the silicas and the formation of nanoparticles. Catalytic performance of the loaded platinum nanocatalysts is tested on selective hydrogenation of ortho-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB). Results indicate that SBA-15 can be grafted with more amino groups than MCM-41. In most cases, small quantity of platinum precursor benefits the formation of small platinum nanoparticles on the functionalized silicas. The platinum nanocatalysts loaded on the one-step grafted silicas hold better catalytic activity and slightly lower selectivity to ortho-chloroaniline (o-CAN) than those loaded on the two-step grafted silicas. Besides the advantage of reuse, the loaded platinum catalysts on the functionalized silicas have similar catalytic property as the colloidal platinum nanocatalysts.     

Optical oxygen sensing materials based on a novel dirhenium(I) complex assembled in mesoporous silica

A new dirhenium(I) complex fac-[{Re(CO)₃(4,7-dinonadecyl-1,10-phenanthro -line)}₂ (4,4′-bipyridyl)] (trifluoromethanesulfonate)₂ (denoted as D-Re(I) ) is assembled in MCM-41 and SBA-15 type mesoporous silica support. The emission peaks of D-Re(I) in D-Re(I)/MCM-41 and D-Re(I)/SBA-15 are observed at 522 and 517 nm, respectively. Their long excited lifetimes, which are of the order of microseconds, indicate the presence of phosphorescence emission arising from the metal to ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transition. The luminescence intensities of D-Re(I)/MCM-41 and D-Re(I)/SBA-15 decrease remarkably with increase in the oxygen concentration, meaning that they can be used as optical oxygen sensing materials based on luminescence quenching. The ratios I₀/I₁₀₀ of D-Re(I)/MCM-41 and D-Re(I)/SBA-15 are estimated to be 5.6 and 20.1, respectively. The obtained Stern-Volmer oxygen quenching plots of the mesoporous sensing materials could be fitted well to the two-site Demas model and Lehrer model.     

Preparation and characterization of carbamoylphosphonate(CMPO) silane grafted on various mesoporous silicas

The carbamoylphosphosphonate silane (CMPO analogue; 2-(diphenylphosphoryl)-N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl) acetamide) modified mesoporous silica was prepared via a post-synthesis grafting method for the effective purification of rare earth elements. The guest CMPO analogue was synthesized by direct coupling reaction of 2-(diphenylphosphoryl) acetic acid and 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine. Various mesoporous silicates such as MCM-41, SBA-15, or amorphous silica nanoparticles were adopted as host materials. The resulting surface-modified mesoporous materials were characterized with respect to their structural integrity, surface area, and pore size and the concentration of the CMPO silane species. These CMPO functionalized periodic mesostructured silicates offer the potential of applications as catalysts, sensors, or environmental sorbents.     

利用多元醇共浸渍促进Ni/MCM-41催化剂的萘加氢活性

研究了利用乙二醇、甘油、木糖醇、山梨醇、葡萄糖多元醇共浸渍方法促进Ni负载在MCM-41载体上的萘加氢活性．和传统的浸渍方法比较,只要在硝酸盐的水溶液中添加适合量的多元醇即可以提高金属活性中心和载体表面的相互作用,导致5 nm以下超细NiO粒子的形成,以及高分散的催化活性中心和异常高的催化活性;零价Ni的纳米粒子从36.1 nm减少到5 nm以下,同时萘的加氢活性取决于零价Ni纳米粒子的大小．利用多元醇共浸渍制备的负载型催化剂表现出优异的催化活性,即使在55 oC的低温环境中亦表现出100%的萘转化率．     

Structure of MnO nanoparticles embedded into channel-type matrices

X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on MnO confined in mesoporous silica SBA-15 and MCM-41 matrices with different channel diameters. The measured patterns were analyzed by profile analysis and compared to numerical simulations of the diffraction from confined nanoparticles. From the lineshape and the specific shift of the diffraction reflections it was shown that the embedded objects form ribbon-like structures in the SBA-15 matrices with channels diameters of 47–87 Å, and nanowire-like structures in the MCM-41 matrices with channels diameters of 24–35 Å. In the latter case the confined nanoparticles appear to be narrower than the channel diameters. The physical reasons for the two different shapes of the confined nanoparticles are discussed.     

Characterization of the synthesis and reactivity behavior of nanostructured vanadia model catalysts using XPS and vibrational spectroscopy

Nanostructured vanadia model catalysts, i.e., highly dispersed vanadium oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15 (VO_x/SBA-15), were prepared. The mechanism for the synthesis of VO_x/SBA-15 was elucidated by detailed characterization of the individual synthesis steps using XPS and vibrational spectroscopy. The resulting surface vanadium oxide species (0-2.3 V/nm²), grafted on the inner pores of the SBA-15 silica matrix, consists of tetrahedrally coordinated vanadia as inferred from UV-VIS- and Raman spectroscopy. The prepared vanadia model catalysts were tested in the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde yielding high formaldehyde selectivities of 94% at 350 °C. XPS and Raman analysis of the catalyst after reaction reveal the presence of methoxy as well as a significant amount of carbonaceous species on the surface. Our results demonstrate that a detailed understanding of partial oxidation reactions requires the combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques ultimately within one experimental set-up.