固体浸没透镜用于飞秒三维光存储研究

为进一步提高光存储密度，利用固体侵没透镜（SIL）与数值孔径为0.55的长工作距离物镜对飞秒激光脉冲进行聚焦，完成了PMMA及石英介质上的存储实验,并对聚焦物镜焦点与SIL底面离焦时的介质内焦点位置和系统的数值孔径进行了模拟。实验结果表明：当聚焦物镜焦点与SIL底面适当离焦时，实际聚焦在介质内的焦点深度不断加深，且系统的有效数值孔径不断增大。利用这一结果，在距PMMA表面20μm的地方得到了点间距1μm，层间距2.5μm的6层空间点阵；在距石英介质表面15μm的地方获得了点间距为0.6μm，层间距为2.5μm的5层空间点阵，其存储密度可达1.1×1012bits/cm3。     

基于介电常数近零态和铟锡氧化物集成硅基波导的电光半加器

为了解决传统电光混合运算逻辑单元速率低、功耗高、尺寸大等问题,以实现电光混合高速运算,本文设计了一种基于介电常数近零态(Epsilon-Near-Zero)和铟锡氧化物(ITO)薄膜电调控的集成硅基波导电光混合半加器。利用ITO激活材料薄膜的电调控特性实现了光路通断和交叉,从而实现了两位二进制数的半加法功能,通过3D-FDTD模拟仿真对器件模型结构参数进行了优化设计。仿真实验结果表明,当施加电压为0 V和2.35 V时,器件能够完成光信号逻辑控制。电光混合半加器工作在1 550 nm波长时,其插入损耗为0.63 dB,消光比为31.73 dB,数据传输速率为61.62 GHz,每字节消耗能量为13.44 fJ,整个半加器尺寸小于21.3μm×1.5μm×1.2μm。该器件具有结构紧凑、插入损耗低等特点,为高速电光混合光学逻辑器件及半加器设计提供了理论依据。     

中红外宽带消色差超透镜的设计

中红外热成像系统是通过探测物体本身的辐射进行成像，不需要外部光源。而传统的中红外热成像系统体积大，不利于小型化。本文基于传输相位理论，采用时域有限差分（FDTD）法，使用FDTD软件计算仿真，探究了不同的单元半径、纳米柱高度及单元周期对相位延迟及透过率的影响，并且针对不同的纳米柱半径，利用传输相位调控实现中红外（3～5μm）波长下全介质硅材料的宽带消色差超透镜设计。其数值孔径为0.24，仿真焦距值为147.3μm，半峰全宽（FWHM）为8.11μm，透镜透过率达到70%。设计的超透镜不仅体积小、质量轻、全波长聚焦效率可达到54%，而且为平面透镜，因此易于光学系统集成，在红外成像、红外夜视仪、红外遥感等技术中展现出广阔的应用前景。     

基于F-P腔的极化聚合物的纵向电光调制

利用Fabry-Perot腔实现了置于腔内的极化聚合物电光薄膜的纵向电光调制,此模型中极化电场方向、调制电场方向均与通光方向平行.腔的精细因子大约为18(对1.3μm的光),膜厚度为1μm.实验所得调制深度在调制电场为1V/μm时为0.012%.其结果证实了利用Fabry-Perot腔实现纵向电光调制并利用其研究极化聚合物薄膜的可能. 关键词： 电光效应 激光束调制 光学聚合物 光学设备     

新型极化聚合物薄膜电光调制器研究

用对硝基偶氮苯类为侧链的键合型聚合物，采用高温电晕极化的方法制作电光薄膜，设计并构造极化聚合物薄膜电光调制器。当通光方向和极化方向平行并且垂直于极化聚合物薄膜的表面时，利用法布里-帕罗（F-P）腔中多光束干涉，可以把通过的光由位相调制转化为强度调制，有利于电光调制器的小型化和高速封装。用这种聚合物薄膜电光调制器测量了锢锡氧化物共面波导上的电信号，并对系统的工作原理进行了分析。实验结果表明，薄膜调制器具有线性电光效应；当F-P腔的精细因子为20（为1.3μm的光），调制电场为1V/μm时，研制的极化聚合物电光调制器的调制深度可达到0.01%。     

畴反转结构片状集成4×4电光开关的设计与仿真

基于铁电体畴反转结构的电光偏转特性,设计了一种片状集成的4×4电光开关,其由四个结构相同的半抛物和四个抛物形微小偏转器集成构成.通过优化抛物形偏转器结构,给出了电光开关的设计参量,电光开关性能通过光束传播法进行仿真模拟,仿真结果表明该开关切实可行.实际应用中,系统误差可以通过电场调节补偿,使光路准确交换.该片状电光开关的整体尺寸为48 mm×2.2mm×0.5 mm(长×宽×高),最大使用电场约13.73 V/μm,适用于高速交换的光互连系统.     

砷化镓高速集成电路内部电信号的光探针直接取样

本文介绍了电光取样技术原理报道了砷化镓高速集成电路内部电信号在片直接电光取样测量系统,它的时间分辨率优于20ps,空间分辨率优于3μm.通过对砷化镓共面波导的测量证实该系统可以对砷化镓高速集成电路内部电信号进行在片直接电光取样测量。     

畴反转结构片状集成4×4电光开关的设计与仿真

基于铁电体畴反转结构的电光偏转特性,设计了一种片状集成的4×4电光开关,其由四个结构相同的半抛物和四个抛物形微小偏转器集成构成.通过优化抛物形偏转器结构,给出了电光开关的设计参量,电光开关性能通过光束传播法进行仿真模拟,仿真结果表明该开关切实可行.实际应用中,系统误差可以通过电场调节补偿,使光路准确交换.该片状电光开关的整体尺寸为48 mm×2.2 mm×0.5 mm(长×宽×高),最大使用电场约13.73 V/μm,适用于高速交换的光互连系统.     

施加电场的半抛物量子阱中的电光效应

利用量子力学中的紧致密度矩阵方法，研究了施加电场的半抛物量子阱中的电光效应。通过位移谐振子变换，得到了系统中的电子态的精确解。对典型的GaAs材料进行数值计算的结果表明，随着电场强度的增加，电光效应系数几乎线性随之增加；但是随着半抛物量子阱受限势频率的增加，电光效应系数单调地减小；而且在同样的电场强度及抛物束缚势频率作用下，半抛物量子阱模型中的电光效应系数比抛物量子阱模型中的值大两个数量级，这是由于我们所选模型本身的非对称性以及电场进一步使这种非对称性增强的缘故。     

调平聚焦伺服控制系统的优化设计

以提高共焦差动并行激光直写中光束刻写质量为目标,分析设计了调平聚焦伺服控制系统。采用柱面镜作为像散元件,与四象限光电探测器结合,利用差动像散检测方法和比例积分微分(PID)反馈算法减少光源和外部干扰的误差,获得高灵敏度、高精度、高稳定性的探测曲线。通过优化光学设计参数,本系统能获得具有高灵敏性与一致稳定性的探测曲线,探测范围为3μm,静态聚焦误差可达±5.0nm;动态聚焦压电陶瓷(PZT)伸长量可保证在焦深范围内,焦点位置辨别精度可达纳米量级,可探测调平台的倾斜角和俯仰角在0.01mrad左右。利用该系统可实现光栅的刻写,进一步为更大尺寸、更高密度的光栅刻写提供依据。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.