乙烯基自由基与IB金属小团簇的相互作用研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP和PBE1PBE方法,对IB金属小团簇与C2H3自由基间的相互作用进行了研究.结果发现:C2H3M0/-n(M=Cu、Ag、Au;n=1-3)最稳定及其异构体的结构都相同,只是键长、键角有所不同.在C2H3M0/-n(M=Cu、Ag、Au;n=1-3)的最稳定结构中,C2H3自由基和金属团簇都作为整体单元存在.由于金属团簇与C2H3自由基的相互作用,在红外吸收光谱中,C2H3自由基中C=C、C-H键的伸缩振动发生了红移,而随着团簇中金属原子数目的增多,C=C键及C-H键的伸缩振动,红移程度减小.基于含时密度泛函(TDDFT)计算,模拟了C2H3M-n(M=Cu、Ag、Au;n=1-3)最稳定结构的光电子能谱(PES).     

Cu+、Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇的气相化学反应

利用激光溅射-分子束的技术,结合反射飞行时间质谱计,研究了Cu+、Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇的气相化学反应.结果显示这三种金属离子与(CH3CH2SH)n反应形成一系列团簇离子M+(CH3CH2SH)n,且团簇离子尺寸不一样.Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇的反应还生成了(CH3CH2SH)+n,由此推测Cu+、Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇团簇的反应存在两种通道,一种通道是生成M+(CH3CH2SH)n,另一种是生成(CH3CH2SH)+n.Cu+、Au+与乙硫醇的反应还生成了M+(H2S)(M=Cu、Au),但是实验中没有观察到Ag+(H2S),理论计算表明Ag+(H2S)很不稳定.另外,分析产物离子M+(CH3CH2SH)n的强度发现,n=1～2之间存在明显的强度突变现象.     

M2Al2(M=Au,Ag,Cu)混合小团簇的密度泛函研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,利用小核实赝势LANL2DZ,优化了含重金属二元混合团簇M2Al2(M=Au,Ag,Cu)的稳定结构,并得出具有C2v(1A1)对称性的蝴蝶结构比平面构型更加稳定,其中团簇Au2Al2最稳定.计算了稳定结构的结合能、电离势、电子亲和能、最高占据轨道能级和最低空轨道能级及二者间的能隙,得出参杂团簇M2Al2比非参杂团簇M4(M=Au,Ag,Cu)更稳定的结论.     

Cu~+、Ag~+、Au~+与乙硫醇的气相化学反应

利用激光溅射 分子束的技术 ,结合反射飞行时间质谱计 ,研究了Cu+、Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇的气相化学反应。结果显示这三种金属离子与 (CH3 CH2 SH) n 反应形成一系列团簇离子M+(CH3 CH2 SH) n,且团簇离子尺寸不一样。Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇的反应还生成了 (CH3 CH2 SH) +n ,由此推测Cu+、Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇团簇的反应存在两种通道 ,一种通道是生成M+(CH3 CH2 SH) n,另一种是生成 (CH3 CH2 SH) +n 。Cu+、Au+与乙硫醇的反应还生成了M+(H2 S) (M =Cu、Au) ,但是实验中没有观察到Ag+(H2 S) ,理论计算表明Ag+(H2 S)很不稳定。另外 ,分析产物离子M+(CH3 CH2 SH) n 的强度发现 ,n =1～ 2之间存在明显的强度突变现象     

CH2和CH3自由基吸附在Cun (n=1-6)团簇上C-H对称振动模式的软化

利用密度泛函理论中杂化泛函理论方法计算了CH₂和CH₃自由基吸附在Cu_n(n=1～6)团簇上时C?H对称伸缩振动模式的软化性质,结果表明,CH₂在Cun团簇上的吸附要比CH₃的吸附强. 计算得到的C-H键的振动频率与实验上测量的这两个自由基吸附在Cu(111)表面的结果符合得很好,随着团簇尺寸的增加,C-H对称伸缩振动频率的软化(红移)越来越大.     

M_2Ga(M=Cu,Ag,Au)二元合金小团簇的从头算研究(英文)

根据原子与分子反应静力学和群论理论推导出二元合金小团簇M2Ga(M=Cu,Ag,Au)的离解极限和基态电子态.采用量子力学从头算方法及小核实赝势和相应的基组,对二元合金小团簇M2Ga进行几何优化,得到M2Ga基态(2B2)为弯曲平面型结构,并与单元团簇M3(M=Cu,Ag,Au)相似.计算得到合金团簇比单元团簇稳定,其中Au2Ga体系最稳定.同时给出谐振频率、力常数,并且分析得到电子相关效应使得团簇更加紧凑、稳定性增强.     

胞嘧啶-水分子氢键团簇结构特性理论研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,在6-311++G(d , p)基组水平上,研究了C4H5N3O·(H2O)n (n=1~3)分子团簇的基态结构及红外线光谱。通过对C4H5N3O·(H2O)n (n=1~3)分子团簇结构优化,获得了团簇的六种稳定结构。三种最稳定结构的分子团簇的红外光谱表明O—H…O和N—H…O氢键的形成使得O—H和N—H之间伸缩频率减小,发生了红移; O—H…N氢键使O—H之间的伸缩振动频率变大,发生了蓝移。AIM程序分析表明：电子密度的强弱反映了红移和蓝移的大小。之后使用Veda4软件对C4H5N3O·(H2O)n (n=1~3)分子团簇红外光谱的振动频率进行了分析,并对振动频率进行了比较。     

(SiC)n(n=1-5)团簇的结构与性质的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-31G*基组水平上对(SiC)n(n=1-5)团簇各种可能的构型进行了几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构。并对最稳定结构的振动特性、成键特性、电荷特性等进行了理论研究。结果表明：(SiC)n团簇形成碳原子骨架,而硅原子生长在碳原子骨架上;在Si和C相互作用形成团簇的过程中,Si原子向C原子有电荷转移,团簇中原子间相互作用呈现共价型;SiC、(SiC)5团簇有相对较高的动力学稳定性;团簇稳定结构的IR最强振动主要是C-Si键的伸缩振动,Raman较强振动均来自C-C键的伸缩振动。     

重金属团簇(M2Te)3(M=Au, Ag, Cu)赝势从头算研究

使用相对论和非相对论赝势,在HF和MP2理论水平上研究了重金属混合/掺杂团簇(M2Te)3(M=Au, Ag, Cu) 的几何构型和稳定性.结果显示,团簇存在具有D3h,C2v和C3v对称性的三种稳定异构体,并且各异构体之间能量相差很小.电子相关效应对M-M键长的修正十分显著,而对M-Te键长和Te-M-Te键角的修正非常小.相对论效应使所有键长变短、Te-M-Te键角变大.两种效应都提高振动频率、降低能量,使团簇结构变得更加紧凑,使多聚物趋于更加稳定.     

AunAgm- (n+m=2～4)负离子团簇光脱附电子谱计算

利用密度泛函理论，通过几何优化和态密度计算了AunAgm- (n+m=2～4)团簇的光电子光谱，结果显示只有Au2Ag2-团簇的第一个峰发生了0.5eV的红移，而其它团簇的峰位置符合的很好，因此理论计算给出的团簇结构是合理的。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.