BEPCⅡ横向束流反馈系统条带电极的设计及模拟计算

 用高频结构模拟程序HFSS优化设计条带电极kicker并计算了它的反射参数和横向分流阻抗。从模拟得到的反射参数可以看出，在要求的250MHz带宽范围内, 反射的功率小于7%，说明了条带与功率传输线是阻抗匹配的；模拟得到的横向分流阻抗与公式计算得到的结果基本上一致。当频率250MHz时，得到了1 300Ω的分流阻抗，在此种条件下，需要反馈功率为123W方能抑制束流不稳定性，这为电极的机械设计和在反馈系统中选择功率放大器提供了最基本的依据。     

上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的设计

 开展了上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的结构和脉冲电源的技术设计,并进行了磁场分布和励磁电流波形的模拟计算。还给出了陶瓷真空盒镀膜的设计参数,提出了计算陶瓷真空盒镀膜接受同步光功率的公式,研究了防止镀膜和波纹管受到同步光照射的机械布局设计。     

HIAF随机冷却系统slot-ring型pickup/kicker及相应合路器/功分器的设计与仿真

为降低束流发射度,提高束流强度,得到高品质的束流,强流重离子加速器装置(HIAF)高精度环形谱仪(SRing)将建造随机冷却系统。随机冷却系统的关键硬件pickup/kicker在一定程度上决定了其冷却效率。本工作讨论了随机冷却系统pickup/kicker的具体作用及设计指标,介绍了分路阻抗概念。SRing随机冷却系统采用周期性单元结构slot-ring模型,利用高频结构仿真(HFSS)软件对其进行建模并仿真优化。通过对不同结构参数进行扫参,确认了slot-ring结构各参数对pickup/kicker分路阻抗值的影响。仿真结果表明,slot-ring结构有较高的分路阻抗,适用于SRing随机冷却系统。同时,考虑到pickup/kicker工作带宽内分路阻抗的平坦度,提出了采用不同尺寸slot-ring结构进行组合的方式来优化其平坦度。最后设计并加工实测了该slot-ring结构相匹配的十六路功率分配器/功率合成器,实测结果表明:该功分器/合路器具有各端口输出幅度平坦度较好、隔离度大、插入损耗低、电压驻波比小等特点,满足SRing随机冷却系统的要求。     

Design of a stripline kicker for tune measurement in CSNS RCS

For CSNS RCS tune measurement, tune value is measured by exciting the bunch with a strip-line kicker fed with white noise and using a FFT algorithm. This article simulates the strip-line kicker in RCS and the efficiency of the kicker is discussed in a Matlab environment. The parameters of the kicker with an arc electrode structure such as a VSWR, wake impedance, and thermal state are analyzed based on the advantages of this design.     

同轴线法在小孔径真空元件阻抗测量中的应用北大核心CSCD

粒子加速器中真空元件的阻抗是引起束流不稳定的重要原因。基于储存环的新一代同步辐射光源的设计发射度更小,相应地要求更小的真空盒孔径,进而带来阻抗的显著增加,这就要求在设计阶段对真空元件的阻抗进行准确的评估和优化。阻抗测量是验证阻抗模型准确性的重要手段,而同轴线法是常用的实验室测量方法。对小孔径真空元件同轴线法纵向阻抗测量进行了研究,针对窄带阻抗元件,使用pillbox腔开展了相关的阻抗测量,研究了不同的内导体尺寸对于测量结果的影响,同时基于尾场模拟、散射参数模拟以及本征模模拟对测量结果进行了验证,模拟和测量结果符合很好,并证明原有的内导体导致谐振峰频移的理论分析应用于小孔径元件时存在偏差。此外针对非窄带阻抗元件,对条带冲击磁铁结构进行了同轴线法阻抗测量,研究了内导体对结果的影响,验证了同轴线法测量的有效性。     

Design and Construction of a New Type Kicker Magnet for Injection of BEPCⅡ Storage Ring

For the severe requirements of BEPCⅡ injecting kicker magnets, the two schemes of low impedance kicker magnets used in other accelerator labs in the world are not adaptive to the BEPCII storage ring. A new scheme of kicker magnets proposed in this article solves the difficult problem of BEPCII kicker magnet design. And the successful construction of a prototype has demonstrated that the new scheme of kicker magnets is viable and the design of the kicker magnet structure is reasonable.     

低温共烧陶瓷铁氧体环行器的设计与分析

基于叠层片式化结构对工作于S波段的低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)铁氧体环行器进行设计和分析,模拟研究了器件制备中面临的关键问题对器件频率特性的影响。研究结果表明,采用微波铁氧体层与陶瓷介质层构成混合结构,匹配电路以三维方式进行布线和互联,器件可以获得优良的带内特性。在器件的三维电路布线中,当连接两节阻抗线的导体圆柱端口气隙高度达到20μm时,器件的传输特性和隔离特性急剧恶化。此外,研究还发现微波铁氧体层与陶瓷介质层出现分层时,形成的气隙高度不应大于20μm,否则将导致器件的传输特性和隔离特性显著降低。因此,在进行LTCC铁氧体环行器的制备时,导体圆柱与陶瓷介质层以及微波铁氧体层与陶瓷介质层的异质材料匹配共烧是保障器件优良性能的关键。     

Kicker magnet modulator in the 2-GeV Pohang light source

The 2.0-GeV Pohang light source (PLS) is a third-generation synchrotron light source that is the first such facility in Korea and the fifth in the world. The PLS mainly consisted of a full-energy injection linac and a storage ring. Four kicker magnets are installed in the storage ring tunnel to move the stored beam orbit in the storage ring closer to the injected beam from the beam transfer line. The injected beam then falls into the storage ring beam dynamic aperture. A kicker magnet modulator drives all four kicker magnets to maintain field balance and synchronized kick of the beam. Specification of the kicker magnet modulator is ~6.0-μs-full width, 200-ns flattop width with ±0.2% regulation, ~24-kA peak current, and 10-Hz repetition rate. Two thyratron switches (EEV CX-1536AX) are used in the system. As the inverse voltage is dangerous to thyratron operation, a new surge suppression circuit was developed. The kicker modulator has been operated very reliably since its installation in August 1995. In this article, design, simulation, and experimental results of the kicker magnet modulator are discussed. In addition, measurement result of spatial B-field distribution in the kicker magnet and maximum operating range of kicker magnet are discussed     

基于衰减振荡信号特征参数和伪阻抗的电路参数计算方法

本文研究了基于暂态信号中衰减振荡信号的电路参数计算理论和方法.在电力系统线路发生故障时,通过计算暂态信号流通路径电路参数可确定故障位置、推断故障原因,而衰减振荡信号作为暂态信号主要成分,因此分析基于衰减振荡信号的电路参数计算在电力系统故障定位中有重要理论价值和实际工程意义.结合R-L电路和R-C电路,首先推导了时域衰减振荡电压、电流信号特征参数与各元件参数以及电路参数间定量关系;并分析了电路在衰减振荡信号下阻抗特性,结合稳态正弦分量阻抗概念,将电路流经衰减振荡信号时的阻抗特性定义为伪阻抗,并确定了伪阻抗与电路参数和信号特征参数间的关系;同时分析了串并联条件下伪阻抗与元件参数关系.以此为基础分别提出了基于信号特征参数和基于伪阻抗的电路参数计算理论,结合现有衰减振荡信号特征提取方法,提出具体计算方法,为基于衰减振荡信号的电路参数计算理论发展以及实际工程应用奠定了重要基础.通过MATLAB模拟产生故障信号对所提理论和方法进行验证,结果证明了所提理论和方法的正确性和准确性,并以实际电网故障信息为基础,基于PSCAD/EMTDC建立实际配网模型并对实际单相接地故障进行重现,对配网单相接地故障进行定位分析,结果证明了方法的可行性.     

Producing terahertz coherent synchrotron radiation at the Hefei Light Source

This paper theoretically proves that an electron storage ring can generate coherent radiation in the THz region using a quick kicker magnet and an AC sextupole magnet. When the vertical chromaticity is modulated by the AC sextupole magnet, the vertical beam collective motion excited by the kicker produces a wavy spatial structure after a number of longitudinal oscillation periods. The radiation spectral distribution was calculated from the wavy bunch parameters at the Hefei Light Source(HLS). When the electron energy is reduced to 400 Me V, extremely strong coherent synchrotron radiation(CSR) at 0.115 THz should be produced.     

环形正负电子对撞机注入引出分布参数型冲击磁铁设计

环形正负电子对撞机（CEPC）是一台周长100 km,最高能量为120 GeV的双环对撞机。为了满足不同能量粒子从增强器注入到对撞环,针对W和Z能量模式设计了对撞环离轴注入系统,用于实现束流的累积。为了提高注入效率,兼容不同注入能量,不同束流填充模式,同时尽可能减少注入过程中冲击磁铁对其它束团的扰动,要求对撞环离轴注入冲击磁铁系统是一个上升时间和下降时间小于200 ns,脉冲底宽调节范围为440～2420 ns的梯形波脉冲放电系统。和常见的集中参数型冲击磁铁相比,分布参数型冲击磁铁具有更优越的动态响应特性,适合产生一个前沿更加陡峭、波形更为理想的梯形波脉冲。根据CEPC的束流注入物理需求,完成了一台分布参数型冲击磁铁的物理设计和结构设计,并采用了PSpice和Opera程序进行模拟仿真。设计结果表明：冲击磁铁由26级LC单元结构叠装而成,磁铁总长为1018 mm,磁有效长度为942 mm;在[-20,20] mm磁铁孔径内,磁场强度为0.042 1 T,磁场均匀性优于±0.2%;冲击磁铁系统总上升时间（10%～90%）为193 ns,下降时间（90%～10%）为191 ns。理论分析、...     

CSNS/RCS引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁的磁场仿真和结构设计

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁,由分组安装于三个真空箱内的8台磁铁组成。对冲击磁铁进行磁场仿真和结构设计,并使用仿真软件进行优化。仿真结果表明:磁铁中心场60%宽度内的磁场均匀性达到0.7%,满足物理设计要求。同时,对两台磁铁间距大小与互感的关系进行模拟计算和分析。磁铁结构设计中,针对原样机中出现的铁芯不能可靠固定问题,进行修改和完善,并且设计出了一种简单实用的多螺栓滑动支撑结构,可使多台磁铁平稳推入真空箱内,同时完成多台磁铁的准直和固定。     

铁氧体环的导磁率及其品质因数的测量

 初级绕有线圈的铁氧体环形成电感,如果同时在其次级绕有偏磁线圈并加一直流电流,当此电流改变时,铁氧体导磁率会随之改变,绕有线圈的铁氧体环的电感量也就相应改变。加载了铁氧体环谐振腔的谐振阻抗与铁氧体导磁率、品质因数及腔体谐振频率的乘积成正比,而腔体谐振阻抗直接决定其所需功率的大小。讨论了铁氧体环导磁率和品质因数的测量原理,给出了测试装置的具体电路和测量结果。     

Preliminary study of residual orbit oscillation in BEPC Ⅱ

BEPCⅡ has two rings each with an injection system.The injection system of each ring consists of two kicker magnets and a septum magnet.The injection layout of two rings is the same.Both two kickers would kick the beam in horizontal plane.The betatron phase advance in the horizontal plane between two kickers is designed exactly 180° in order to reduce the perturbation to the circulating beams during injection.In fact,the residual orbit oscillation will originate because of the existence of a variety of errors.The Librea Electron BPM processor is used to acquire the beam position data in turn-by-turn mode and to analyze the residual orbit oscillation.According to the measurement results,minimization of the residual orbit oscillation can be done by adjusting the peak field strength and trigger timing delay of two kickers.With very small residual orbit oscillation the two beams can keep collision condition during the injection.     

Fe-C合金中形变诱导动态相变的蒙特卡罗模拟

采用蒙特卡罗（MC）方法模拟了Fe-C合金在奥氏体-铁素体相变的平衡温度之上的形变诱导动态相变过程.通过建立合适的MC规则,在一个MC模型中同时实现了奥氏体-铁素体相变、铁素体-奥氏体逆相变以及奥氏体动态再结晶过程的模拟.同时,一个基于矢量变换的拓扑模型被嵌入此MC相变模型,用来跟踪由于塑性变形导致的晶粒形貌变化.在此基础上模拟分析了动态相变过程中铁素体的形成特点,讨论了由于相变、逆相变和动态再结晶交互作用所带来的影响. 关键词： 形变诱导动态相变 蒙特卡罗模型 动态再结晶 介观模拟     

实验环Betatron振荡随机冷却的模拟

随机冷却是一种基于带宽反馈系统对束流振荡进行衰减的冷却方法,更适合冷却较大发射度和动量分散的次级粒子束,与电子冷却互补,可以得到更高品质的束流。兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL) 目前处于冷却存储环的实验环随机冷却系统的设计和建造阶段。通过对横向Betatron 振荡的模拟,得到了提高系统带宽、增加探测器(Pick-up) 和冲击器(Kicker) 的个数、降低系统噪声温度等对缩短冷却时间和减小冷却平衡值的重要作用。同时,分析了较大的动量分散或较大的放大器增益对Betatron 振荡冷却过程产生的加热现象。Stochastic cooling, based on a feedback system, aims at damping the oscillation of particles. Stochastic cooling is more suitable to cool secondary beam with larger size and momentum spread, and it is therefore can be complemented with electron cooling, in order to obtain beam of higher quality. Stochastic cooling system is being designed and constructed on the experimental Cooling Storage Ring of HIRFL. By simulation of Betatron stochastic cooling, it is obtained that the importance for shortening the cooling time and reducing cooling equilibrium by improving bandwidth, increasing the numbers of pickup and kicker, and decreasing the system noises. Meanwhile, the heating during the cooling process caused by larger momentum spread or larger gain of amplifier is analyzed.     

模拟低频反馈系统的初步尝试

 为了提高注入束流的积累，抑制由于注入系统误差引起较大的β残余振荡是非常有必要的。较系统地介绍了利用合肥光源逐圈测量（turn by turn）系统［１］，研究束流不稳定性，并给出了抑制注入β振荡的反馈系统设计原理和线路及初步实验结果。作为原理论证和预研，使用了一个相对简单的模拟滤波移相器对Kicker过程激发的β振荡进行反馈，得到了明显的对damping时间和振荡幅度的抑制作用，为以后低频和高频逐束团（bunch by bunch） 反馈系统研制和抑制束流的横向和纵向不稳定性的研究打下了良好的基础。     

An integrating current transformer for fast extraction from the HIRFL-CSR main ring

For any experiment that uses the beam of an accelerator, monitoring the beam intensity is always an important concern. It is particularly useful if one can continuously measure the beam current without disturbing the beam. We report here on test experiments for an Integrating Current Transformer （ICT） used to measure fast extraction beams from the HIRFL-CSR main ring （CSRm）. The laboratory tests and beam intensity measurement results are presented in this paper. The influence of the kicker noise is also analyzed.     

S波段四腔强流相对论速调管的设计和实验研究

本文根据四腔强流相对论速调管设计过程中出现的高次模振荡现象,采用电磁场软件模拟,分析了这种振荡的产生原因,给出抑制这种高次模振荡的方法.利用二维和三维模拟软件,研究了谐振腔谐振频率、谐振腔Q值、漂移管长度、特性阻抗等参数的变化对高次模振荡的影响,模拟上验证了高次模振荡抑制方法的有效性,并在输出端模拟获得了功率2.13 GW、效率26%、增益60 dB的输出微波,实现了2D,3D中高次模振荡的有效抑制.最终在实验中获得了功率1.9 GW、效率24%、增益61 dB的输出微波.     

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环kicker磁铁设计

 介绍了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）CSRm引出kicker磁铁的物理设计、参数计算以及结构设计和加工。为了减小电感，使上升时间达到要求，CSRm引出kicker磁铁采用分布式的传输线方案，同时将无感电容与磁铁并联以满足匹配的问题。磁铁用单匝线圈和铁氧体铁芯来降低电感、减少涡流损耗，并采取两台电源成对供电、导体一端共地的结构形式消除杂散电感和轴向场，这种方式不但消除了过桥的不利影响，而且可通过调节导体间距离方便的调节磁场均匀区宽度和磁铁电感。完成设计后磁铁电感小于1 μH，在140 mm范围内磁场均匀度好于±0. 5%，最高磁场达到0.038 T，最大峰值激磁电流约为2.5 kA。