部分卸载时被动式燃料电池动态响应实验研究

对全被动式直接甲醇燃料电池在电流部分卸载情况下的输出电压动态响应开展了实验研究.实验结果显示,电流按照方波,后直角三角波、前直角三角波和等腰三角波加载/卸载时的燃料电池输出电压动态响应规律不尽相同.燃料电池在高电流强度加载时,不同甲醇溶液浓度时的电池输出电压比较接近.在电流部分卸载的情况下,1 mol/L甲醇溶液浓度时...     

具有可渗透阳极的自呼吸微流体燃料电池性能特性

微流体燃料电池去除了质子交换膜,避免了膜退化、水管理等问题,是微型燃料电池领域新的研究热点。本文构建了具有可渗透阳极和空气自呼吸阴极的微流体燃料电池,采用甲酸溶液作为燃料对其性能特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:具有可渗透阳极的自呼吸微流体燃料电池性能随燃料浓度或流量的增加先升高后下降,随电解液浓度的增加而升高;阳极侧反应产生的CO₂气泡对自呼吸微流体燃料电池的性能和燃料利用率的影响较大,适当提高燃料流量有利于气泡的排除。     

直接甲醇燃料电池三通道蛇形阳极流场两相流研究

本文针对配备三通道蛇形阳极流场的液态进料直接甲醇燃料电池阳极两相流及电池性能开展了实验研究.液态进料的直接甲醇燃料电池阳极流床内会形成二氧化碳气泡与甲醇溶液构成的两相流系统,其两相流特性受到电池流道设计、运行工况和工作角度的影响,并同时影响燃料电池的性能.本文设计了三通道蛇形流场,通过可视化实验得到直接甲醇燃料电池三通道蛇形阳极流场内的两相流特性随电流密度变化的规律,并研究了燃料电池在不同旋转角度下的两相流特性和电池性能.实验结果表明:在不同的旋转角度下,电池都体现出较好的工作性能.     

被动式燃料电池动态性能传质影响实验研究

自行研制了可在任意角度下工作的小型被动式直接甲醇燃料电池。对被动式燃料电池在不同电流负载变化情况下的输出电压动态响应开展了实验研究工作。实验结果表明,在加载电流的时候,阳极甲醇溶液浓度为9 mol/L时燃料电池的输出电压明显高于溶液浓度为5 mol/L时的,而且变化比较平稳。在卸载电流以及低电流密度时,阳极燃料浓度为5mol/L的电压高于浓度为9 mol/L时的。放电电流密度越高,低浓度时的放电电压越不稳定。从被动式燃料电池内部传质过程与电化学反应耦合的角度对实验结果开展了分析。     

DMFC阳极流动阻力特性实验研究

本文借助可视化手段,针对平行流场和蛇形流场,实验研究不同放电电流密度、甲醇浓度、进料温度和入口流量对液相进料直接甲醇燃料电池阳极流场流动阻力特性的影响.结果表明:放电电流密度增加,流场压降随之增加,小电流放电,蛇型流场较平行流场压降增加慢,当超过某一值时,蛇型流场的压降增加较平行流场快;随甲醇浓度的提高,进出口压降均略有减小,且两种流场压降变化趋势一致;随进料温度升高,平行流场压降逐渐增大,蛇彤流场压降变化较小;随着甲醇溶液流量增大,平行流场和蛇行流场压降均逐渐增人,平行流场增加缓慢,蛇形流场压降增加速度远大于平行流场.     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态响应性能实验研究

本文实验研究了质子交换膜燃料电池负载变化时的动态性能,分析了氧气计量比流量和流场板结构的影响。结果表明,在本文的操作条件下,燃料电池动态响应能力的控制因素为质子交换膜水含量及液态水传递过程。随着氧气计量比流量的增加,电池性能及动态响应能力提高。采用不同流场板结构时,在输出电流较小的运行区间,平行流场板电池性能较好,随着平行流道数目减少,电池性能逐渐变差。     

燃料电池有轨电车声学优化*

基于线路噪声实验,系统测试分析了燃料电池有轨电车的噪声特性,研究了噪声分布以及空气传声、结构传声路径对噪声的贡献。结果表明改善车辆地板、空调、顶板和风挡的隔声性能,尤其是在500～1250 Hz的1/3倍频带范围内的隔声性能将有助于改善车辆内部声学环境。优化燃料电池系统控制,降低冷却单元转速将有助于改善车辆外部声学环境。在此基础上提出减震降噪建议措施,再次进行线路噪声实验,结果表明该措施有效。     

燃料电池中气体循环可调型引射器建模与实验研究

将可调式引射器应用于燃料电池阳极气体循环系统可以适应变工况场景。本文基于准二维模型建立了含调节锥的引射器理论模型，可以预测引射器的主流和二次流流量。通过实验对模型进行验证，结果显示对主流和二次流流量的预测误差分别在在5%和20%以内。探究了可调式引射器流量调控的影响机制，研究表明：调节锥通过调节主流和二次流流量来调控引射器性能；抛物线型调节锥在主流流量线性调控方面的性能较好。     

自呼吸式碱性直接葡萄糖燃料电池研究

本文设计了基于无Pt电极的自呼吸式阴离子交换膜(AEM)直接葡萄糖燃料电池(DGFC),并对其性能进行了实验研究。结果表明,在室温下,自呼吸式AEM-DGFC的最大功率密度达到20.8 mW·cm~(-2),最大电流密度为156mA·cm~(-2),优于以葡萄糖为反应物的传统的微生物燃料电池和酸性直接葡萄糖燃料电池(PEM-DGFC)。实验还探究了葡萄糖浓度以及KOH浓度对于自呼吸式直接葡萄糖燃料电池性能的影响,葡萄糖浓度的升高一方面会降低传质极化,另一方面会阻碍OH~-的传输,增大电池的内阻。0.7 M浓度的葡萄糖使燃料电池性能达到最优最优。KOH浓度从2M升高到4M时,使得阳极的GOR速率加快,电池性能进一步提升。     

不同流场下进气对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

流场的结构对于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的水管理和气体的传递具有十分重要的影响,相关研究一直是燃料电池的研究热点与重点。本文以纯氧气和空气作为阴极氧化剂,通过电池的性能测试、极化曲线和电化学阻抗分析等原位实验,分析了气体的流动与传输、不同流场下的电流密度、入口反应气体浓度等条件对电池性能的影响。实验结果表明,提高氧气浓度可以获得更好的质子交换膜燃料电池性能和最小化活化损失,纯氧气、波状流场的使用效果随进气量的变化而有明显的变化。     

The effect of cell orientations and environmental conditions on the performance of a passive DMFC single cell

A single cell passive air-breathing liquid feed direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is designed and fabricated. Furthermore, the effects of cell orientation and environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity on the performance of such passive DMFC are tested experimentally. The obtained results indicate that both environmental temperature and relative humidity have significant effects on the performance of fabricated fuel cell. The experimental data contained within this work shows that under lower relative humidity and higher temperature, the passive air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell has higher power output and better performance. According to experimental results, flooding has a vital role on the cell performance in various relative humidity and temperatures. The results also show that cell orientation has a strong effect on the performance of passive DMFC. The best power output and performance were achieved under vertical orientation.     

被动式DMFC水滴积聚及对放电性能影响

本文结合恒电流放电时阴极水滴积聚过程,对影响被动式直接甲醇燃料电池恒流放电性能的甲醇浓度、电流密度及环境湿度等因素进行了实验研究及讨论。结果表明:甲醇浓度高于4 M时,阴极水淹所造成的氧气传输限制为电池放电时间的控制因素;低电流密度放电时,恒电流放电时间主要受阴极侧水淹的影响;高电流密度时,主要受甲醇消耗的影响;湿度越大越易引起阴极水淹。     

Direct methanol fuel cells : Methanol crossover and its influence on single DMFC performance

In the present investigation, the methanol crossover rate through Nafion®-115 membrane at different temperatures and different concentrations had been investigated in a fuel cell test apparatus by using gas chromatography analysis. The singledirect methanol fuel cell (DMFC) tests were carried out to investigate the effect of the concentration of methanol aqueous solutions and cell temperature on methanol crossover and consequently, on the open circuit voltage and the cell performance of DMFC. It can be found that the methanol crossover rate through Nafion® membrane increases as methanol concentration and temperature increase. It can also be found that methanol crossover presented a negative effect on the open circuit voltage and the single DMFC performance. Single DMFC test results showed that an improved cell performance was obtained as temperature increased although the methanol crossover rate increased with temperature increment.     

Investigating the effect of operating parameters on the open circuit voltage of a passive DMFC

The variations of the open circuit voltages (OCVs) were studied in a passive air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell with an air-breathing cathode using Nafion 115 as the electrolyte membrane. The effects of some operating parameters such as cell temperature, cell orientation, and also methanol concentration on the OCV of fabricated fuel cell were investigated experimentally. The experimental results showed that the OCV values depend strongly on the cell orientation, cell temperature, and methanol concentration. The OCV values decrease with an increase in methanol concentration and cell temperature. Also, the OCV values in vertical orientation are lower than the OCV values in other orientations.     

Influence of methanol impurity in hydrogen on PEMFC performance

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells [PEMFC] have become highly attractive for stationary as well as mobile energy applications due to their good efficiency compact cell design and zero emissions. PEM fuel cells mainly consist of anode and cathode containing platinum/platinum alloy electrocatalysts and Nafion membrane as the electrolyte. They operate on hydrogen fuel, which is generally produced by reforming of hydrocarbons, alcohols such as methanol and may contain large amounts of impurities such as methanol, carbon dioxide, trace amounts of carbon monoxide, etc. The studies on the effect of methanol impurity in hydrogen on fuel cell performance and methods of mitigation of poisoning are very important for the commercialization of fuel cells and are described in a limited number of papers only. In this paper, we present the studies on the influence of methanol impurity in hydrogen for the PEM fuel cells. The effect of various parameters such as methanol concentration, cell voltage, current density, exposure time, reversibility, operating temperature, etc. on the cell performances was investigated using pure hydrogen. Various methods of methanol poisoning mitigation were also investigated.     

温度对直接甲醇燃料电池动态性能的影响

利用可计算机控制的电子负载单元,本文实验研究了电池温度对液态进料直接甲醇燃料电池单体电池的稳态和动态性能的影响,并考察了该电池对电池温度变化的动态响应。实验结果表明:电池稳态性能随着电池温度的升高而提升,电池对动态负载的响应随着电池的温度的升高而变得更快和更稳定,升温过程中电池对电池温度变化的响应值要高于降温过程中对应的响应值。     

仪器分析技术在直接甲醇燃料电池研究中的应用

介绍了仪器分析技术在直接甲醇燃料电池电催化剂及其载体结构,电池反应动力学、产物分析、固体聚合物电解质膜以及电池性能评价等各方面的应用及研究进展。     

Ultrasonic radiation to enable improvement of direct methanol fuel cell

To improve DMFC (direct methanol fuel cell) performance, a new method using ultrasonic radiation is proposed and a novel DMFC structure is designed and fabricated in the present paper. Three ultrasonic transducers (piezoelectric transducer, PZT) are integrated in the flow field plate to form the ultrasonic field in the liquid fuel. Ultrasonic frequency, acoustic power, and methanol concentration have been considered as variables in the experiments. With the help of ultrasonic radiation, the maximum output power and limiting current of cell can be independently increased by 30.73% and 40.54%, respectively. The best performance of DMFC is obtained at the condition of ultrasonic radiation (30 kHz and 4 W) fed with 2 M methanol solution, because both its limiting current and output power reach their maximum value simultaneously (222 mA and 33.6 mW, respectively) under this condition. These results conclude that ultrasonic can be an alternative choice for improving the cell performance, and can facilitate a guideline for the optimization of DMFC.