流道结构和几何尺寸对燃料电池性能影响的实验研究

流场板是质子交换膜燃料电池重要部件之一。本文对以氢气和氧气作为反应气体的质子交换膜电池的极化曲线进行了实验测定,研究了不同流场板结构、流场板深度和宽度对电池性能的影响．研究发现采用组合流道的电池性能最佳．     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态响应性能实验研究

本文实验研究了质子交换膜燃料电池负载变化时的动态性能,分析了氧气计量比流量和流场板结构的影响。结果表明,在本文的操作条件下,燃料电池动态响应能力的控制因素为质子交换膜水含量及液态水传递过程。随着氧气计量比流量的增加,电池性能及动态响应能力提高。采用不同流场板结构时,在输出电流较小的运行区间,平行流场板电池性能较好,随着平行流道数目减少,电池性能逐渐变差。     

质子交换膜燃料电池短时微重力性能实验研究

利用落塔开展了不同重力情况下质子交换膜燃料电池性能的实验研究.对常重力和微重力条件下质子交换膜燃料电池发电时其阴极蛇形流场内部的两相流动开展了可视化现场观测.对重力因素对质子交换膜燃料电池内部传质过程的影响进行了分析和讨论.实验结果表明:在常重力环境中,液态水堆积在竖置流道的底部,无法有效排出.聚集在流道内的液态水与反应气体在流道内形成气/液两相流动.在微重力环境中,液态水在气体推动力的作用下从流道的底部上升并沿流道向出口流动.聚集在流道内的液态水排除后,减小了反应气体(氧气)从流道向催化层的传递阻力,从而使质子交换膜燃料电池的性能得到提高.     

燃料电池开槽流场传热传质过程三维仿真分析

质子交换膜燃料电池广泛应用于电动汽车领域,流场设计对于电池性能具有重要影响,本文通过三维多相多物理场数值模拟,研究了三种不同流场对电池内部气体分布、温度分布以及除水性能等的影响。结果表明,开槽的流场设计能够显著强化肋下的横向传质,相比平行流场,其气体、温度、电流密度、液态水分布的均匀性有明显改善,性能有所提升。     

质子交换膜燃料电池低化学计量比的性能研究

以质子交换膜燃料电池实际应用为背景,研究了在反应物低化学计量比下,质子交换膜燃料电池不同温度、压力下的性能。得到了电池温度,压力对反应物化学计量比的影响。实验结果表明,反应物化学计量比1.0的电池性能低于足量反应气体工况下的电池性能;化学计量比为1.3时,电池能够在预期电流强度下稳定运行;反应气体的传质过程影响反应所需的化学计量比;当提升压力至0.13 MPa,化学计量比1.0的电池性能与足量反应气体工况下的性能相当。     

直流道PEMFC两相流数学模型

建立直流道质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)三维非等温两相流数学模型,基于质子交换膜与气体之间的水分传递特征,综合考虑电渗、浓度扩散及电化学反应作用的影响,发展了膜电极水分传递的非平衡扩散模型.并自主开发程序代码对电池内复杂的多物理场耦合传递过程进行数值模拟,研究PEMFC电极内气态水、液态水分布、质子膜含水量分布和水迁移特性等,分析单电池内部的温度分布特征,并获得电池极化性能曲线.     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态特性实验研究

质子交换膜燃料电池动态特性的研究对于实际应用来说非常重要,实验研究了质子交换膜单体燃料电池在负载动态变化及启动过程中性能的响应.基于计算机控制的负载变化,得到了在不同进气加湿程度下电池性能在负载突变时的响应和在启动工况中的变化,结果表明电池电流对电压动态变换的响应很迅速,突变工况下电流密度出现了过增现象,高加湿程度的电池在设计启动过程中获得了更好的性能.     

PEM燃料电池内液态水和温度分布特性

水和热的管理对PEM燃料电池的性能具有决定性的作用.本文建立了一个两相流模型,对PEM燃料电池换质子交换膜和阴极中的水分和温度进行了模拟,分析了燃料电池阴极中液态水和质子交换膜中水分,以及阴极催化剂层和质子交换膜中温度的分布状态.模拟结果显示:升高加湿温度,电池阴极中的液态水和质子交换膜中的含水量显著增加;沿着气体流动方向,燃料电池内的温度降低,水分含量升高;从质子交换膜阳极侧到阴极催化剂层中,温度先升高,达到最大值后,渐渐降低.     

质子交换膜燃料电池动态特性仿真

建立了质子交换膜燃料电池数学模型,并进行了仿真实现,计算分析了质子交换膜燃料电池典型动态特性和温度对其工作状况的影响.结果表明PEMFC内气体传质速度是影响电压响应时间的决定因素,扩散层内液态水的积累需要较长的时间,数量级在102～103,温度升高会降低PEMFC的动态响应时间并提高电池的输出功率,温度超过80°C后会降低电池的输出性能.     

PEMFC阳极扩散层表面温度和热流密度联测

质子交换膜燃料电池内部温度及热流密度对电池性能和寿命等有重要影响。为实时监测电池内部的温度和热流密度,本文利用真空蒸发镀膜技术自制了薄膜传感器,并将传感器置于质子交换膜燃料电池阳极侧,同步在线测量了燃料电池在不同气体流量下温度及热流密度随电流密度变化规律。结果表明,燃料电池运行过程中,内部温度和热流密度随电流密度增大而升高,高电流密度工作时温升更明显。电流密度较小时,加热棒对电池内部温度影响显著。随着电流密度增加,电化学反应产热作为主要热源,对电池内部温度影响逐渐占据主导作用。     

Fabrication of porous metal fiber sintered sheet as a flow field for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

To improve the diffusion performance of reactive gas, a porous copper fiber sintered sheet (PCFSS) was fabricated and used as the flow field for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The pressure and flow velocity distribution of the reaction gas in the PCFSS was firstly compared with the serpentine flow field by using the Fluent simulation software. Our results showed that the superiority of PCFSS in the uniformity of gas diffusion was observed. The total resistance of PEMFC with PCFSS in different porosities was obtained. And the advantages of PCFSS in electronic transmission were found by comparing with the serpentine flow field. Besides, the influences of different operating conditions and different porosities of porous flow fields on the performance of PEMFC were experimentally investigated. With the cell temperature of 70 °C as well as the humidification temperature of 60 °C, a PEMFC with PCFSS of 70% porosity exhibited better performance.     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A SINGLE PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL USING DRY FUEL

Recently, the requirements for cellular phones, portable computers, and digital cameras have increased dramatically. A portable electric power supply with long duration and high performance is needed for these products. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) can meet these requirements and becomes one of the best candidates for a portable power source. It is impossible to install an extra humidifier into small-scale portable electric products for PEMFC water management. This article presents a series of experiments to investigate the performance of a single PEMFC. The effects of different operating conditions on cell performance, including the temperature, pressure, and inlet fuel/oxidant flow rate, are discussed. The test results confirm the positive effect of these parameters on cell performance and power output. The interaction effect of temperature--flow rate is related to the cell humidity, and is important for cell performance. The dry-out problem for a PEMFC is also significantly revealed in the experiments for higher cell temperature and flow rate. Current experimental results can provide useful information for investigating the cell performance and its operating effects under dry fuel/oxidant flow conditions and as a benchmark for simulation work in future studies.     

质子交换膜燃料电池及其发电系统模拟

本文通过质子交换膜燃料电池单电池子模型、布气管子模型、流场子模型相互耦合,对电池堆传热传质过程加以数值模拟,得到单电池及电池堆的流场、温场、当地电流密度分布、过电位分布;给定平均电流密度下单电池及电池堆输出电压等参数;并比较了平均电流密度、布气管尺寸对电池输出电压、堆内反应物分配的影响;在此基础上,对整个ＰＥＭＦＣ发电系统进行流程模拟和参数分析,得到平均电流密度、重整器Ｓ／Ｃ等主要参数对系统性能影响．     

Effect of gas diffusion layer and membrane properties in an annular proton exchange membrane fuel cell

A complete three-dimensional and single phase computational dynamics model for annular proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is used to investigate the effect of changing gas diffusion layer and membrane properties on the performances, current density and gas concentration. The proposed model is a full cell model, which includes all the parts of the PEM fuel cell, flow channels, gas diffusion electrodes, catalyst layers and the membrane. Coupled transport and electrochemical kinetics equations are solved in a single domain; therefore no interfacial boundary condition is required at the internal boundaries between cell components. This computational fluid dynamics code is used as the direct problem solver, which is used to simulate the two-dimensional mass, momentum and species transport phenomena as well as the electron- and proton-transfer process taking place in a PEMFC that cannot be investigated experimentally. The results show that by increasing the thickness and decreasing the porosity of GDL the performance of the cell enhances that it is different with planner PEM fuel cell. Also the results show that by decreasing the thickness of the membrane the performance of the cell increases.     

Effects of flow field design on water management and reactant distribution in PEMFC: a review

The performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is affected by many factors, including the operating conditions, flow field and manifold design, and membrane performance. To achieve the desired PEMFC performance, the reactant must be uniformly distributed and effectively diffused into the catalyst layer for the electrochemical reaction. Water management and reactant distribution in fuel cells are crucial because they affect the distribution and diffusion rate of the reactant. This paper reviews the important research results reported in recent years related to the effects of water and reactant distribution on the performance and life span of PEMFC stacks.     

工作角度对燃料电池性能影响的实验研究

工作角度对燃料电池内气体与水分的流动与分布产生影响进而影响电池性能.本文通过实验的方法研究了在氧气的不同流动方向工作下工作角度对电池的性能的影响.通过分析比较,得出不同条件下电池的最佳和最差工作模式.     

质子交换膜燃料电池波浪形平行流场研究

质子交换膜燃料电池的传统平行流场存在着传质不佳,高电流密度下大量的液态水无法及时排出导致性能急剧下降等问题。提出了一种新型的波浪形平行流场并利用数值模拟方法优化了波浪形平行流场的几何结构。结果表明,相比于传统平行流场,波浪形平行流场不仅能够有效促进氧气的传输,还能加快液态水的去除,采用波浪形平行流场的PEMFC最大输出功率相比于传统设计提升了30.7%,当波浪长度和波幅分别为4 mm和0.8 mm时,采用新型流场的PEMFC性能达到最佳。     

PEMFC阴极流道中阻块高度的敏度分析与优化

在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的阴极流道中安装阻块可以强化氧气传输,提升电池性能,但不同位置的阻块高度对电池性能的影响程度不同。本文建立了一个三维、两相、稳态的PEMFC数值模型,对阴极流道安装有阻块的PEMFC进行了数值模拟,并结合全因子设计法研究了不同位置的阻块高度对电池性能的影响程度。此外,基于敏度分析结果,采用遗传算法对阻块高度进行了优化。结果表明:越靠近出口位置的阻块,其高度变化对低电压下的电池功率的影响程度越大。增加靠近出口位置的阻块高度可以促进催化层反应物的均匀分布,提高催化剂的利用率,最大程度地提升电池性能。当组块高度H1和高度增量ΔH分别为0.9537 mm和0.009 mm时,PEMFC性能最佳,与未安装阻块相比,电池最大净功率提高了18.45%。     

Characterization of CO tolerance of PEMFC by ac impedance spectroscopy

The CO tolerance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy. The impedance of the fuel cell could be obtained by feeding oxygen into the cathode side and simulated gas into anode side. Furthermore, the anode impedance could be obtained by feeding hydrogen into the cathode side and simulated gas into anode side. The CO gas had a greater effect on the charge transfer reaction (high frequency arc) and hydrogen dissociative chemisorption (medium frequency arc) but little effect on the low frequency arc. Although the cathode impedance is a main part at high temperature, irrespective of CO concentration (≤100 ppm), the impedance of the full cell depends on anode impedance at low temperature and high CO concentration. It was found that CO gas has little effect on cathode impedance.