Analysis of sampled fiber Bragg gratings polarization-maintaining fiber

A novel type of sampled fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written in polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is proposed.The reflection spectrum,time delay,and group velocity dispersion (GVD) of the gratings are an- alyzed.In addition,the reflection spectrum is optimized by apodization.The scheme of multi-wavelength output based on the gratings is proposed,which could be used as a multi-wavelength polarization filter in the density wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system.     

An acousto-optic Q-switched fiber laser using China-made double-cladding fiber

A simple laser-diode pumped acoustic-optic Q-switched fiber laser is reported by using China-made large- mode-area ytterbium-doped fiber.Q-switched pulses with a beam quality factor of M~2≈2 and several hundred nanoseconds pulse duration are achieved at the repetition rate of 1-50 kHz.When the repetition rate is 1 kHz,the pulse energy is 0.93 mJ with the pulse duration of 132 ns.Meanwhile,the profile of laser pulses shows some mode-locking phenomena,the mechanism of the phenomena is discussed.     

A 110-W fiber laser with homemade double-clad fiber

A high-power ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) with homemade double-clad fiber (DCF) is introduced in this letter. The geometric parameter and laser characteristics of the fiber have been studied. With oneend-pumping scheme, pumped by a high-power laser diode with launching power of 280 W, a maximum continuous wave (CW) output of 110 W is obtained with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 40%.     

Optical bistability in tunable fiber laser using fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer

In this letter, a novel mechanism of hybrid optical bistability is proposed by using nonlinear mechanism in the frequency domain. This device is based on electro-optical feedback through the fiber Bragg grating on piezoelectric transducer (PZT) to tune continuous wave (CW) fiber laser. The optical bistable characteristics for two manners of separately alternating input power and bias voltage are discussed. The smallest wavelength shift of the order of 0.001 nm needed to realize a switching process in this optical bistability device is estimated. The potential applications of this device in the optical fiber sensor technique are also discussed.     

Actively mode-locked fiber ring laser based on photonic crystal fiber

A wavelength tunable, high repetition rate mode-locked fiber ring laser was demonstrated. In the experiment, photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is used as an intracavity compression medium. The high nonlinearity and anomalous dispersion of PCF can cause intracavity compression and result in significant reduction in the pulse width. The pulses duration at the repetition rate of 9.99 GHz was less than 10 ps over the range of 1532-1565 nm.     

Yb-doped superfluorescent fiber source with cascaded broad fiber Bragg gratings

In this paper, the Yb-doped superfluorescent fiber source (SFS) with cascaded broad fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are reported. The spectral properties of this SFS with cascaded broad FBGs are described and compared with that without cascaded broad FBGs. The experimental results have shown that cascaded broad FBGs can increase the output of some special wave bands.     

Effect of fiber surface treatments on the fiber–matrix interaction in banana fiber reinforced polyester composites

Cellulosic fibers have been used as cost-cutting fillers in plastic industry. Among the various factors, the final performance of the composite materials depends to a large extent on the adhesion between the polymer matrix and the reinforcement and therefore on the quality of the interface. To achieve optimum performance of the end product, sufficient interaction between the matrix resin and the cellulosic material is desired. This is often achieved by surface modification of the resin or the filler. Banana fiber, the cellulosic fibers obtained from the pseudo-stem of banana plant (Musa sepientum) is a bast fiber with relatively good mechanical properties. The fiber surface was modified chemically to bring about improved interfacial interaction between the fiber and the polyester matrix. Various silanes and alkali were used to modify the fiber surface. Modified surfaces were characterized by SEM and FTIR. The polarity parameters of the chemically modified fibers were investigated using the solvatochromic technique. The results were further confirmed by electrokinetic measurements. Chemical modification was found to have a profound effect on the fiber–matrix interactions. The improved fiber–matrix interaction is evident from the enhanced tensile and flexural properties. The lower impact properties of the treated composites compared to the untreated composites further point to the improved fiber–matrix adhesion. In order to know more about the fiber–matrix adhesion, fractured surfaces of the failed composites where further investigated by SEM. Of the various chemical treatments, simple alkali treatment with NaOH of 1% concentration was found to be the most effective. The fiber–matrix interactions were found to be dependent on the polarity of the modified fiber surface.     

7.3-W single-frequency master-oscillator fiber power amplifier with China-made double-clad fiber

A narrow-linewidth master-oscillator fiber power amplifier system was presented,in which an ultrastable, continuous-wave,single-frequency laser was adopted as the master oscillator and a China-made Yb-doped large-mode-area fiber was used as the power amplifier medium.The system generates single-frequency radiation up to 7.3 W at 1064-nm wavelength with 39% slope efficiency and 26% optical-optical power conversion efficiency.The spectral characteristics as well as the suppression of amplified spontaneous emission were discussed in detail.     

Beam-shaping microstructure optical fiber

Microstructure optical fiber with uniform intensity distribution of the fundamental mode is proposed. The design guide line and characteristics of this kind fiber are demonstrated. The relationship between refractive index profile and structure parameters is investigated. The mechanism of forming uniform fundamental mode in these fibers is analyzed.     

Optical properties of ytterbium-doped tandem-pumped fiber oscillatorOptical properties of ytterbium-doped tandem-pumped fiber oscillatorOptical properties of ytterbium-doped tandem-pumped fiber oscillator

With the rapid development of ytterbium-doped fiber lasers, some obtrusive limitations on power scaling appeared. In order to avoid these problems, a scheme called tandem pumping is introduced into the fiber laser field. In this paper, the optical properties of an ytterbium-doped tandem-pumped fiber oscillator are presented. According to the oscillator profile, the proper gain fiber type and pump wavelength range are picked out, under the comprehensive consideration of laser conversion efficiency and beam quality. In addition, the photodarkening performances of tandem pumping lasers and conventional ones are compared based on practical application, with all possible impact parameters taken into account. Moreover, an all-fibered tandem-pumped oscillator centered at 1079.5 nm is built, in the way of clad pumping by a 1030-rim fiber laser. The laser power of the oscillator reaches 7 W, with an opto-optic efficiency of 82.4%.     

Dual-channel microfluidic sensor based on side-hole fiber with two long-period fiber gratings

We propose and demonstrate a dual-channel microfluidic sensor based on a side-hole fiber(SHF)with two longperiod fiber grating(LPFG)structures.There are two air holes in the SHF,which are natural microfluidic channels.We fabricate two LPFGs(long-period gratings LPG-A and LPG-B)in the SHF with the resonance wavelengths of 1268.7 nm and 1385.8 nm,respectively.Results show that the refractive index sensitivities of LPG-A and LPG-B are?76.0 nm/RIU and?71.1 nm/RIU,respectively.One can measure the refractive index of liquid samples in two channels simultaneously.The proposed dual-channel microfluidic sensor has advantages of good linearity response,fluidic technology compatibility,and easy light input/output coupling and system integration,which helps the sensor to have a potential application in environmental detection and food safety detection.     

Tunable multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on a Hi-Bi fiber loop mirror

A novel tunable multi-wavelength fiber ring laser based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed by using a high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) fiber loop mirror (FLM) as wavelength filter. With this configuration, the wavelength spacing of this laser can be varied by using the different lengths of Hi-Bi fiber. 8 wavelengths spacing on 450 GHz are experimentally obtained with more than 25-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each channel using 1.28-m Hi-Bi fiber in Hi-Bi FLM. The output power variation between different channels is measured to be less than 5.9 dB. The linewidth of each channel is compressed from 0.347 to 0.186 nm by 1.5-m unpumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF). Meanwhile, 17 wavelengths spacing on ITU-gird (100 GHz) are also obtained with 5.9-m Hi-Bi fiber in Hi-Bi FLM. All these channels can be tuned together over 0.4 nm.     

Low noise gain-clamped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier by utilizing fiber Bragg grating

A novel gain-clamped long wavelength band (L-band) erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposed and experimented by using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) at the input end of the amplifier. This design provides a good gain clamping and decreases noise effectively. It uses two sections of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) pumped by a 1480-nm laser diode (LD) for higher efficiency and lower noise figure (NF). The gain is clamped at 23 dB with a variation of 0.5 dB from input signal power of -30 to -8 dBm for 1589 nm and NF below 5 dB is obtained. At the longer wavelength in L-band higher gain is also obtained and the gain is clamped at 16 dB for 1614 nm effectively. Because the FBG injects a portion of backward amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) back into the system, the gain enhances 5 dB with inputting small signal.     

Multiwavelength L-band fiber laser with bismuth-oxide EDF and photonic crystal fiber

A multiwavelength laser comb using a bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber and 50 m photonic crystal fiber is demonstrated in a ring cavity configuration. The fiber laser is solely pumped by a single 1455 nm Raman pump laser to exploit its higher power delivery compared to that of a single-mode laser diode pump. At 264 mW Raman pump power and 1 mW Brillouin pump power, 38 output channels in the L-band have been realized with an optical signal-to-noise ratio above 15 dB and a Stokes line spacing of 0.08 nm. The laser exhibits a tuning range of 12 nm and produces stable Stokes lines across the tuning range between Brillouin pump wavelengths of 1603 nm and 1615 nm.     

Research on WDM optical fiber transmission system based on fiber Raman amplifier

After wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical fiber transmission system based on fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) is investigated in detail, the influence of the collocation of dispersion compensation fiber (DCF), the dispersion coefficient, dispersion slope (DS), effective core area, nonlinear index, length of FRA, launch power and the bandwidth of Bessel filter on bit error rate (BER) is deduced. The influence of Rayleigh backscattering noise on optical signal noise ratio (OSNR) is also investigated, which affects the performance of long haul transmission badly. The result indicates that the broadband long haul transmission can be realized through the reasonable design of the fiber. The result is useful to the optimal design of the WDM optical fiber transmission system based on FRA.     

Multi-wavelength hybrid gain fiber ring laser based on Raman and erbium-doped fiber

A stable and uniform multi-wavelength fiber laser based on the hybrid gain of a dispersion compensating fiber as the Raman gain medium and an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) is introduced. The gain competition effects in the fiber Raman amplification (FRA) and EDF amplification are analyzed and compared experimentally. The FRA gain mechanism can suppress the gain competition effectively and make the present multi-wavelength laser stable at room temperature. The hybrid gain medium can also increase the lasing bandwidth compared with a pure EDF laser, and improve the power conversion efficiency compared with a pure fiber Raman laser.     

Erbium-doped CW and Q-switched fiber ring laser with fiber grating Michelson interferometer

The band-pass characteristic of fiber grating Michelson interferometer is analyzed, which acts as bothband-pass filter and Q-switch. An erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on fiber grating Michelsoninterferometer is implemented for producing single longitudinal mode CW operation with 5 MHz spectrallinewidth and up to 6 mW output power. In Q-switched operation, stable fiber laser output pulses withrepetition rate of 800 Hz, pulse width of 0.6 μs, average power of 1.8 mW and peak power of 3.4 W aredemonstrated. The peak power and average power of the Q-switched pulses are varied with the repetitionrate.     

Broadband dispersion compensating fiber using index-guiding photonic crystal fiber with defected core

We present a novel broadband dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber with defected core in this paper.The small central defect of air hole can flexibly control the chromatic dispersion properties of this kind of photonic crystal fiber.This kind of fiber has broadband large negative chromatic dispersion,and the chromatic dispersion coefficient varies from-440 to-480 ps/(nm·km)in the measured wavelength range of 1500-1625 nm.The calculated chromatic dispersion curve is well matched to the measured chromatic dispersion coefficient in the range of 1500-1625 nm.The proposed photonic crystal fiber can be used to design the dispersion compensating fiber in the desired wavelength range by adjusting its structural parameters.     

Tm–Ho codoped fiber based all fiber amplification of a gain-switched 2 μm fiber laser

A Tm–Ho codoped fiber amplifier system is built. And, amplification of a gain-switched Tm–Ho codoped fiber laser is investigated. Average output of 300 mW is obtained at repetition rate of tens of kHz with an amplification gain bigger than 11 dB. And, pulse amplification efficiency of resonantly pumped Tm–Ho codoped single clad fiber is comparable with 793 nm pumped Tm-doped double clad fiber. The maximal pulse energy generated is about 13.1 μJ, corresponding to a peak power of 282 W at 20 kHz. During the amplification process, gain-switching, partially modulated gain-switched mode-locking and 100% modulated gain-switched mode-locking are observed sequentially. At gain-switching mode, the laser output enjoys a narrow linewidth of 0.31 nm, while at gain-switched mode-locking mode, the spectral linewidth broadens to 0.6 nm.