利用维纳滤波改善声透镜光声成像系统的分辨率

为了克服衍射效应对光声成像系统分辨率的限制,需要采用逆卷积方法进行图像反演.从理论上分析了声透镜成像原理,模拟仿真了声透镜的点扩展函数对声透镜成像系统分辨率的影响和维纳滤波解卷积方法复原光声成像的过程,并利用自搭建的声透镜光声成像系统进行了深入的实验研究,得到了物平面上相距4 mm和3 mm的两个黑胶带点的直接成像光声...     

时间分辨投影成像术的成像分辨率的理论研究

从漫射近似理论出发，详细讨论了漫射投影系统的透射光斑的点扩散函数与时间门的时间分辨率，探测器的有限大小，生物组织的厚度以及积分时间的关系。     

隐失驻波全内反射荧光显微术的数值计算

从理论上详细计算了在全内反射的条件下，两束入射光产生的隐失干涉场(即隐失驻波)的强度分布，并分析了其不同于传统传播波干涉场的特点。同时使用数值模拟证明了利用隐失干涉场，即隐失驻波的激发方式，可以提高系统的分辨力，在横向实现超经典分辨的荧光成像。具体的分析表明，两束光以相等的角度入射，同时振幅相等，偏振态相同，所形成干涉条纹的反衬度最高，此时成像系统的有效点扩展函数最优化；入射介质1的折射率越大，隐失干涉场的空间周期越短(空间频率越高)，其对应的调制点扩展函数中心瓣的半峰全宽越小，可能分辨更小的物体，但同时旁瓣的强度也增强，最终成像的分辨力受两者的共同制约。     

谱域光学相干层析系统中基于解卷积方法的像质优化

谱域光学相干层析（spectral domain optical coherence tomography, 简记为SD-OCT）系统的轴向点扩散函数（point spread function, 简记为PSF）并不具备空不变特性,无法直接应用于解卷积运算.为实现SD-OCT系统成像质量基于解卷积算法的优化,本文采用数值校正后的轴向扫描信号和轴向有效PSF来实施基于Lucy-Richardson算法的解卷积运算,进而实现了SD-OCT系统中图像质量尤其是轴向分辨率的改善.本文理论分析了SD-OCT系统中导致轴向有效PSF随成像深度增大而下降和图像模糊的因素,阐述了利用解卷积算法实现图像质量优化的过程,基于建立的SD-OCT系统实施了不同成像深度位置处PSF的标定,并利用离散轴向位置处PSF的峰值拟合了轴向有效PSF的调制函数.利用调制函数对所有轴向扫描信号进行数值校正,然后根据轴向有效PSF进行解卷积算法.典型样品的解卷积图像重建结果表明,提出的解卷积方法能有效提高系统的轴向分辨率,同时有效抑制系统灵敏度随成像深度增大而下降的趋势. 关键词： 谱域光学相干层析 Lucy-Richardson解卷积 有效点扩散函数     

谱域光学相干层析系统中基于解卷积方法的像质优化

谱域光学相干层析（spectral domain optical coherence tomography, 简记为SD-OCT）系统的轴向点扩散函数（point spread function, 简记为PSF）并不具备空不变特性,无法直接应用于解卷积运算.为实现SD-OCT系统成像质量基于解卷积算法的优化,本文采用数值校正后的轴向扫描信号和轴向有效PSF来实施基于Lucy-Richardson算法的解卷积运算,进而实现了SD-OCT系统中图像质量尤其是轴向分辨率的改善.本文理论分析了SD-OCT系统中导致轴向有效PSF随成像深度增大而下降和图像模糊的因素,阐述了利用解卷积算法实现图像质量优化的过程,基于建立的SD-OCT系统实施了不同成像深度位置处PSF的标定,并利用离散轴向位置处PSF的峰值拟合了轴向有效PSF的调制函数.利用调制函数对所有轴向扫描信号进行数值校正,然后根据轴向有效PSF进行解卷积算法.典型样品的解卷积图像重建结果表明,提出的解卷积方法能有效提高系统的轴向分辨率,同时有效抑制系统灵敏度随成像深度增大而下降的趋势.     

X射线成像的一种点扩展函数模型

X射线成像系统可以通过其点扩展函数来表行,其点扩展函数分为一次射线点扩展函数和散射点扩展函数两部分。在分析点扩展函数各个影响因素的基础上,建立了以物体厚度、物体到探测器距离以及成像几何设置为参量的解析模型。利用该模型推导出了特定入射射线能谱和射线源到探测器距离情况下散射比的计算公式。它是以物体厚度和物体到探测器距离为变量的函数。在利用实验数据对模型参量进行最优估计的基础上,利用散射比实验验证了模型的正确性。为散射和几何不清晰度的消除提供了一种实用的模型依据。     

Imaging resolution analysis in limited-view Laser Radar reflective tomography

In many applications of Laser radar reflective tomography, anisotropic resolution of images reconstructed from an incomplete set of reflective projections will degrade imaging quality. In this paper, we present the theoretical point spread function (PSF) of imaging system over full views for reflective tomography. The corresponding imaging resolution of the PSF was determined by Rayleigh's criterion, here the most common algorithm of filtered backprojection was used for image reconstruction. The theoretical imaging resolution was derived approximately from the range resolution resolved by the laser pulse. The simulated horizontal imaging resolutions of an ideal diffused single point target in different limited-views were compared with the theoretical value. Experimental reconstructed images from limit-view projections of letter “E” illustrated the effects of anisotropic resolution.     

基于空间光调制器的计算全息成像特性

把基于高分辨空间光调制器(SLM)的动态计算全息波面变换系统看作一个相干光学成像系统,分析并推导了该系统的点扩展函数（PSF）,进而研究了SLM像素结构所引起的固有切趾和展宽效应. 通过计算机模拟考察了SLM填充因子和衍射距离对系统分辨率的影响,给出了满足抽样定理所要求的系统的最小衍射距离. 最后提出了一种消除SLM像素结构影响的物波频谱预处理方法. 这一研究为优化系统设计,完善波面变换系统提供了新的途径.     

多帧距离选通图像点扩散函数估计的超分辨率重建

为了解决水下激光距离选通图像成像过程中退化模型复杂的难题,提出了利用连续帧图像估计点扩散函数的距离选通超分辨成像方法。首先,从连续帧图像中选取一帧为参考帧作为初始清晰图像,下一帧图像为模糊图像,用梯度约束的方法求出点扩散函数,用于优化清晰图像;然后,依次将后续帧图像当作模糊图像与清晰图像交替迭代求取点扩散函数并优化更新清晰图像;最后获得的清晰图像与参考帧图像用乘法更新的方法估计点扩散函数,结合凸集投影法算法进行超分辨率成像重建。仿真实验结果表明,改进的算法重建图像分辨率和质量明显优于原始的算法。     

空变环形编码孔成像模拟与图像复原

环形编码孔成像技术具有高的探测效率和信噪比,是一种解决低强度脉冲辐射源成像较好的技术。基于该技术,利用Geant4建立环形编码孔中子成像的模拟过程,获取6个不同位置的点扩散函数(PSF)和编码图像。根据空间移变图像分块原理,将图像分成矩形和圆形分块,每一块图像用RL迭代法复原,去除边界明显畸变的像素,这些像素强度由相邻的图像块像素到边界距离的加权系数叠加而成。模拟结果表明,该方法提高了图像复原效果,能够更好地诊断射线区域的空间分布情况。     

Centric scan SPRITE magnetic resonance imaging: optimization of SNR, resolution, and relaxation time mapping

Two strategies for the optimization of centric scan SPRITE (single point ramped imaging with T1 enhancement) magnetic resonance imaging techniques are presented. Point spread functions (PSF) for the centric scan SPRITE methodologies are numerically simulated, and the blurring manifested in a centric scan SPRITE image through PSF convolution is characterized. Optimal choices of imaging parameters and k-space sampling scheme are predicted to obtain maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while maintaining acceptable image resolution. The point spread function simulation predictions are verified experimentally. The acquisition of multiple FID points following each RF excitation is described and the use of the Chirp z-Transform algorithm for the scaling of field of view (FOV) of the reconstructed images is illustrated. Effective recombination of the rescaled images for SNR improvement and T*2 mapping is demonstrated.     

Application of spatially and temporally apodized non-confocal acoustic transmission microscopy to imaging of directly bonded wafers

Application of a line-shaped point spread function (PSF) to imaging of void defects in directly bonded wafers is considered. Two non-confocally adjusted spherical transducers are employed to implement an acoustic microscope operating in transmission with a time dependent point spread function, whose shape is optimized by both temporal apodization of the received signal and spatial apodization of the transducer aperture. Strong imaging artifacts resulting from the generation and detection of edge waves are eliminated in this way. It is shown by several examples that only a broadband system can be utilized in order to obtain a line-shaped PSF suitable for imaging.     

Application of multi-frame approach in single-frame blind deconvolution

A new single-frame blind deconvolution algorithm for the linear shift-invariant imaging system is presented. The algorithm processes the partial images segmented from one single degraded image by multi-frame approach to recover the point spread function (PSF). Then a deconvolution method is employed to restore the whole image with the recovered PSF. In addition, in order to improve the fidelity and resolution of the recovered PSF, the coprimeness of the partial images is utilized. Results of simulated and real atmospheric turbulence degraded images using the algorithm are reported.     

数值模拟快中子针孔成像系统的PSF

采用蒙特卡罗方法对中子针孔成像系统进行了点扩展函数（PSF）的模拟研究, 利用高斯拟合的数学方法分析比较了几种不同条件下该系统的PSF。 研究结果表明, 在偏离量较小时, 利用高斯拟合得到的中子针孔成像系统的PSF是可行的, 而采用挡板可以很显著地减少拟合误差和提高其空间分辨率。 The point spread function (PSF) of a pinhole imaging system for fast neutron has been studied through Monte Carlo method. The PSFs under different conditions have been obtained and analyzed by fitting the simulating data with Gauss function. As the results show, when the excursion is little, the PSF obtained by Gauss function fitting is feasible. A baffle will reduce the error and improve the spatial resolution remarkably.     

X光能点、放大倍率及针孔尺寸对空间分辨的影响

X光针孔成像是惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究中重要的诊断方法,对其点扩散函数的计算可用于图像重建和系统空间分辨的判断。对菲涅耳衍射公式进行了化简,分析了X光能点、针孔尺寸及放大倍率对针孔点扩散函数的影响。实验在保证成像能获得足够高信噪比的条件下,通过模拟获得在最佳空间分辨时所要的针孔大小、放大倍率和X光能点等参数。在流体力学不稳定性的静态样品定标实验中,通过模拟获得了针孔的调制传递函数(MTF),结合实验测量的结果反推获得分幅相机本身的MTF值。同时采用测刀边函数的方法获得了分幅相机本身的刀边函数,进而得到相机在各空间频率下的MTF值。两种方法得到的分幅相机MTF值一致,验证了通过菲涅耳衍射模拟X光针孔成像的可行性。     

Super-resolution by pupil plane phase filtering

Resolution capability of any optical imaging system is limited by residual aberrations as well as diffraction effects. Overcoming this fundamental limit is called super-resolution. Several new paradigms for super-resolution in optical systems use ‘a posteriori’ digital image processing. In these ventures the three-dimensional point spread function (PSF) of the lens plays a key role in image acquisition. A straightforward tailoring of the PSF can be performed by appropriate pupil plane filtering. With a brief review of the state-of-art in this research area, this paper dwells upon the inverse problem of global optimization of the pupil function by phase filtering in accordance with the desired PSF.     

中子针孔成像点扩展函数模拟研究

应用Geant4系统对中子针孔成像的点扩展函数进行了模拟研究.建立了点扩展函数的数学模型,并将其分布图像与能量沉积数据的分布图像作了比较,可看出点扩展函数与能量沉积数据吻合得较好.研究结果表明,在一定偏移量范围内,拟合得到的点扩展函数更好,能得到较好的图像分辨率.通过对不同入射能量在一定偏移量入射下的点扩展函数讨论认为,入射能量增大虽然会增强图像的对比度,但会降低分辨率.     

荧光波长对共焦显微镜成像特性的影响

导出了共焦显微镜中不同荧光波长情况下的荧光功率传输函数、三维脉冲响应函数（3D－PSF）和三维光学传递函数（3D－OTF）。结果表明，不同的荧光波长对共焦显微镜的空间截止频率、分辨率、光学传递函数存在明显的影响。当激发波长与荧光波长的比值下降到一定程度时，可以看到明显的失锥现象。     

惯性约束聚变的中子半影成像诊断系统的优化研究

在激光驱动的惯性约束聚变实验中,中子半影成像是重要的诊断方法.基于分辨率的要求,模拟了中子源与半影孔装置间不同距离、半影孔装置不同厚度、半影孔装置不同外径以及不同孔型的系统点扩展函数,通过分析点扩展函数的尖锐性和等晕性优化诊断系统.同时还给出了系统的装配误差要求,并发现系统在线性重建时能达到15 μm分辨率,而非线性重建时能满足5 μm分辨率的诊断要求. 关键词： 中子半影成像 Monte Carlo方法 系统优化 分辨率     

Imaging Properties of Hard X-Ray Zone Plates with Corrugated Boundary Roughness

The imaging properties of hard X-ray multilayer zone plates with corrugated roughness along circular zone boundaries are investigated. First, the transmission function for zone plates with the roughness is derived using a geometric optical approach, and based on the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory formulas are developed to calculate the point spread function (PSF) efficiently, assuming that the roughness increases with radius. Then, the PSFs for various magnitudes and angular configurations of the roughness are presented, and the imaging properties are discussed particularly in terms of the focusing efficiency (or the Strehl ratio) and the resolution. Tolerances for the maximum magnitude of the roughness, and the relationship between the angular configuration of the roughness and the symmetry of the PSF are also discussed.