谱域光学相干层析系统中基于解卷积方法的像质优化

谱域光学相干层析（spectral domain optical coherence tomography, 简记为SD-OCT）系统的轴向点扩散函数（point spread function, 简记为PSF）并不具备空不变特性,无法直接应用于解卷积运算.为实现SD-OCT系统成像质量基于解卷积算法的优化,本文采用数值校正后的轴向扫描信号和轴向有效PSF来实施基于Lucy-Richardson算法的解卷积运算,进而实现了SD-OCT系统中图像质量尤其是轴向分辨率的改善.本文理论分析了SD-OCT系统中导致轴向有效PSF随成像深度增大而下降和图像模糊的因素,阐述了利用解卷积算法实现图像质量优化的过程,基于建立的SD-OCT系统实施了不同成像深度位置处PSF的标定,并利用离散轴向位置处PSF的峰值拟合了轴向有效PSF的调制函数.利用调制函数对所有轴向扫描信号进行数值校正,然后根据轴向有效PSF进行解卷积算法.典型样品的解卷积图像重建结果表明,提出的解卷积方法能有效提高系统的轴向分辨率,同时有效抑制系统灵敏度随成像深度增大而下降的趋势.     

超高分辨光学相干层析成像技术与材料检测应用

本文报道了一种超高分辨率谱域光学相干层析成像(SD-OCT)系统. 该系统基于超连续谱激光光源并截取部分光谱作为宽带光源, 其中心波长为665 nm, 光谱半高全宽(FWHM) 230 nm. 系统轴向分辨率0.9 μm, 轴向扫描速率28600行/秒, 横向分辨率3.9 μm, 横向视场1 mm, 最大成像深度0.6 mm(空气中). 利用研制的超高分辨率SD-OCT系统, 对不同型号的工业砂纸精细结构进行了成像, 并与普通SD-OCT的成像结果进行对比, 充分展示了研制系统在材料无损检测中优势.     

Lucy-Richardson算法用于针孔图像的恢复

计算了X射线针孔成像系统的点扩散函数矩阵，利用Lucy-Richardson算法对模拟和真实的针孔图像进行了较好的恢复，分析了恢复后得到的结果，给出了合理的迭代次数、恢复方法细节和恢复图像的分辨率，并用模拟实验验证了Lucy-Richardson算法对针孔图像进行恢复的可靠性. 关键词： 针孔成像 点扩散函数 Lucy-Richardson算法     

全光纤频域光学相干层析成像系统优化研究

针对频域光学相干层析(SD-OCT)系统特有硬件(线阵CCD及分光光栅)参数对成像质量造成的影响,展开了对基于光纤的频域OCT系统中硬件参量的模拟和优化工作,分析了分光计中CCD线列阵像素数及数字化深度、CCD安装偏差等因素对OCT成像质量的影响,并对光谱像素图定位进行了修正.研究表明:纵向分辨率不受CCD线列阵像素数的影响,CCD线列阵像素数的增多将线性地增大最大测量深度;CCD数字化深度小于6 bit将直接导致系统纵向分辨率的锐减;线阵CCD偏离聚焦透镜焦面将导致点扩展函数的强度减弱、系统分辨率降低;在较小角度内转动CCD,将使纵向分辨率得到提高;采用氖灯光谱进行像素图定位校正之后,可以相应地提高系统分辨率.部分模拟结论得到实验验证.采用此模拟优化结果,可根据OCT成像的具体要求对系统硬件参量进行优化选择.     

基于累积量标准差的超分辨光学涨落成像解卷积优化

超分辨光学涨落成像方法通过计算一组随机闪烁图像序列的累积量来提高空间分辨率.在实际实验中,由于计算的图像序列帧数有限,每个像素上累积量估计的误差将显著影响重构图像的均匀性和连续性.传统超分辨光学涨落成像技术由于缺乏对累积量估计的误差分析,在其后续的Lucy-Richardson解卷积算法中,没有对累积量重构图像的噪声添加约束条件.本文利用基于单组有限长数据的累积量标准差公式,计算了超分辨光学涨落显微图像每个像素上的累积量标准差,并将结果引入Lucy-Richardson解卷积算法中作为迭代优化的偏差阈值.模拟和实验结果表明,在相同图像序列长度下,该优化方法显著提高了超分辨重构图像的均匀性和连续性;在同等图像质量下,该方法可缩短图像序列帧数至原来的一半以下,有望用于活细胞动态超分辨成像.     

基于分色校正的大像差光学成像系统图像处理技术

为解决传统大视场高分辨相机光学系统复杂、成本高昂等问题,利用同心多尺度计算成像系统,通过图像处理方式校正简化的光学结构残留的球差和倍率色差.分析光学系统的像差特性,得到不同波长的成像数据,并根据系统参量和像差表现,用红、绿、蓝三通道分别校正方案对图像进行处理.首先采用非线性图像缩放法,统一不同色光的放大倍率,完成倍率色差的校正;然后针对光学系统的点扩散函数随空间位置变化的特性,对各通道模糊图像进行分块,用Lucy-Richardson算法对每一个图像块进行图像复原,完成单色像差校正;最后融合三通道获得校正图像.用均方误差、峰值信噪比和结构相似度等方法进行图像质量评价,结果表明本文方法能够有效校正计算成像系统中的残留像差,提升图像质量.     

相干场成像技术分辨率研究

根据光学传递函数的相关理论, 推导了相干场成像技术(又称傅里叶望远镜)的光学传递函数和点扩散函数, 给出了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率计算公式, 为分析相干场成像系统能实现的极限角分辨率提供了理论依据. 在此基础上研究了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率之间的关系. 关键词： 相干场成像 傅里叶望远镜 分辨率 光学传递函数     

基于非均匀快速傅里叶变换的干涉合成孔径显微算法

在频域光学相干层析(SDOCT)系统中,样品仅在焦深范围内有高横向分辨率,在焦外分辨率降低。干涉合成孔径显微术(ISAM)是一种三维图像重构算法,可以改善离焦区的图像模糊状况,达到在所有成像深度中都可以获得焦平面处横向分辨率的效果,同时可以解决SDOCT中系统的横向分辨率和成像深度之间的矛盾。介绍了ISAM重构算法的原理和适用的范围,对比分析了传统SDOCT成像算法和经过ISAM重构算法处理的成像图像结果。将非均匀快速傅里叶变换引入ISAM算法,实验结果表明该方法极大地节省了运算时间,提升了实时成像高分辨率SDOCT系统的性能。     

光学相干层析成像的图像重建

层析成像技术－光学相干层析术是基于光学低相干反射测量发展而来的。介绍了用图像恢复的基本原理在光学相干层析术图像增强方面的工作。通过实验测量行到了解卷积所必需的点扩展函数。重建后的膜层结构图像的深度分辨率提高了一个数量级,图像也取得了了的锐化、去噪的效果。     

双树复数小波变换的视网膜图像半盲解卷积复原

针对导致自适应光学视网膜图像降质退化的原因,提出了一种结合双树复数小波变换(DTCWT)和图像半盲解卷积复原算法的方法。首先,对经过自适应光学实时校正技术得到的视网膜图像进行DT-CWT分解,得到低频和高频部分应的图像。将自适应光学成像系统中残余像差重建的光学传递函数作为图像复原模型的初始估计点扩散函数(PSF),并对低频部分图像进行条件约束的迭代半盲解卷积复原;对高频部分的图像进行去噪处理。最后,将处理后的高频和低频部分图像进行双树复数小波逆变换,获得复原图像。实验和结果表明:由该方法处理的视网膜细胞图像质量得到明显提高,图像客观质量评价参数相对于原始图像提高了5倍多;在视网膜细胞的空间频率范围内(70~90(°)~1),复原图像功率谱平均值提高了5倍左右,有助于对视网膜细胞的高分辨率观察。     

利用维纳滤波改善声透镜光声成像系统的分辨率

为了克服衍射效应对光声成像系统分辨率的限制,需要采用逆卷积方法进行图像反演.从理论上分析了声透镜成像原理,模拟仿真了声透镜的点扩展函数对声透镜成像系统分辨率的影响和维纳滤波解卷积方法复原光声成像的过程,并利用自搭建的声透镜光声成像系统进行了深入的实验研究,得到了物平面上相距4 mm和3 mm的两个黑胶带点的直接成像光声...     

Application of multi-frame approach in single-frame blind deconvolution

A new single-frame blind deconvolution algorithm for the linear shift-invariant imaging system is presented. The algorithm processes the partial images segmented from one single degraded image by multi-frame approach to recover the point spread function (PSF). Then a deconvolution method is employed to restore the whole image with the recovered PSF. In addition, in order to improve the fidelity and resolution of the recovered PSF, the coprimeness of the partial images is utilized. Results of simulated and real atmospheric turbulence degraded images using the algorithm are reported.     

Compressed sensing with linear-in-wavenumber sampling in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

We propose a novel method called compressed sensing with linear-in-wavenumber sampling (k-linear CS) to retrieve an image for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). An array of points that is evenly spaced in wavenumber domain is sampled from an original interferogram by a preset k-linear mask. Then the compressed sensing based on l1 norm minimization is applied on these points to reconstruct an A-scan data. To get an OCT image, this method uses less than 20% of the total data as required in the typical process and gets rid of the spectral calibration with numerical interpolation in traditional CS-OCT. Therefore k-linear CS is favorable for high speed imaging. It is demonstrated that the k-linear CS has the same axial resolution performance with ～30 dB higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as compared with the numerical interpolation. Imaging of bio-tissue by SD-OCT with k-linear CS is also demonstrated.     

Deconvolution of vibroacoustic images using a simulation model based on a three dimensional point spread function

Vibro-acoustography (VA) is a medical imaging method based on the difference-frequency generation produced by the mixture of two focused ultrasound beams. VA has been applied to different problems in medical imaging such as imaging bones, microcalcifications in the breast, mass lesions, and calcified arteries. The obtained images may have a resolution of 0.7–0.8 mm. Current VA systems based on confocal or linear array transducers generate C-scan images at the beam focal plane. Images on the axial plane are also possible, however the system resolution along depth worsens when compared to the lateral one. Typical axial resolution is about 1.0 cm. Furthermore, the elevation resolution of linear array systems is larger than that in lateral direction. This asymmetry degrades C-scan images obtained using linear arrays. The purpose of this article is to study VA image restoration based on a 3D point spread function (PSF) using classical deconvolution algorithms: Wiener, constrained least-squares (CLSs), and geometric mean filters. To assess the filters’ performance on the restored images, we use an image quality index that accounts for correlation loss, luminance and contrast distortion. Results for simulated VA images show that the quality index achieved with the Wiener filter is 0.9 (when the index is 1.0 this indicates perfect restoration). This filter yielded the best result in comparison with the other ones. Moreover, the deconvolution algorithms were applied to an experimental VA image of a phantom composed of three stretched 0.5 mm wires. Experiments were performed using transducer driven at two frequencies, 3075 kHz and 3125 kHz, which resulted in the difference-frequency of 50 kHz. Restorations with the theoretical line spread function (LSF) did not recover sufficient information to identify the wires in the images. However, using an estimated LSF the obtained results displayed enough information to spot the wires in the images. It is demonstrated that the phase of the theoretical and the experimental PSFs are dissimilar. This fact prevents VA image restoration with the current theoretical PSF. This study is a preliminary step towards understanding the restoration of VA images through the application of deconvolution filters.     

射线平板探测器成像系统的数理模型

非晶硅X射线数字平板探测器是目前唯一可取代胶片照相的新型技术,对其成像特性的研究已成为高像质的DR和三维CT检测技术的基础。目前X射线成像系统均是以线性时不变理论作为分析基础的。基于X射线平板探测器成像系统、成像机理和几何参数建立了成像系统的点扩展函数(PSF)。用圆柱体等效二维PSF模型,使成像系统退化为比例系统,从而把复杂的反卷积运算转化成用代数方程来求解,能够快速实现通过探测器输出图像来估计透照工件的二维输入图像。此模型的建立为在实际检测中利用输出的图像通过线性变换得到输入估计。在DR系统中,基于上述数理模型建立了灵敏度模型,利用输出场强可以很好的再现输入场强。     

X光能点、放大倍率及针孔尺寸对空间分辨的影响

X光针孔成像是惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究中重要的诊断方法,对其点扩散函数的计算可用于图像重建和系统空间分辨的判断。对菲涅耳衍射公式进行了化简,分析了X光能点、针孔尺寸及放大倍率对针孔点扩散函数的影响。实验在保证成像能获得足够高信噪比的条件下,通过模拟获得在最佳空间分辨时所要的针孔大小、放大倍率和X光能点等参数。在流体力学不稳定性的静态样品定标实验中,通过模拟获得了针孔的调制传递函数(MTF),结合实验测量的结果反推获得分幅相机本身的MTF值。同时采用测刀边函数的方法获得了分幅相机本身的刀边函数,进而得到相机在各空间频率下的MTF值。两种方法得到的分幅相机MTF值一致,验证了通过菲涅耳衍射模拟X光针孔成像的可行性。     

A piecewise local regularized Richardson-Lucy algorithm for remote sensing image deconvolution

As it is not possible to obtain an accurate point spread function (PSF) in remote sensing imaging, classic deconvolution methods such as Wiener filtering often introduce strong noise and ringing artifacts, which contaminate the restored images. In this paper, we modify the standard Richarson-Lucy (RL) algorithm with a piecewise local regularization term and combine it with residual deconvolution method. Experimental results show that it is effective in suppressing negative effects, and images with rich details and sharp edges are obtained.     

High resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography using a thermal light source

A high resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system based on a thermal light source was presented. A novel normalized method was introduced to remove the background noise and the DC noise of the interference spectrum. A Gaussian spectral calibration procedure was performed to improve axial resolution and image quality before reconstructing OCT image. With the proposed method, the quality of the obtained images was greatly improved. Two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images with axial resolution of 1.2?μm were obtained. Furthermore, the film thickness of single-layer film sample was obtained. The experimental result demonstrates the SD-OCT system has potential for film thickness measurement and surface topography.     

Optimization of sparse synthetic transmit aperture imaging with coded excitation and frequency division

An effective aperture approach is used for optimization of a sparse synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging system with coded excitation and frequency division. A new two-stage algorithm is proposed for optimization of both the positions of the transmit elements and the weights of the receive elements. In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in a synthetic aperture system, temporal encoding of the excitation signals is employed. When comparing the excitation by linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals and phase shift key modulation (PSKM) signals, the analysis shows that chirps are better for excitation, since at the output of a compression filter the sidelobes generated are much smaller than those produced by the binary PSKM signals. Here, an implementation of a fast STA imaging is studied by spatial encoding with frequency division of the LFM signals. The proposed system employs a 64-element array with only four active elements used during transmit. The two-dimensional point spread function (PSF) produced by such a sparse STA system is compared to the PSF produced by an equivalent phased array system, using the Field II simulation program. The analysis demonstrates the superiority of the new sparse STA imaging system while using coded excitation and frequency division. Compared to a conventional phased array imaging system, this system acquires images of equivalent quality 60 times faster, when the transmit elements are fired in pairs consecutively and the power level used during transmit is very low. The fastest acquisition time is achieved when all transmit elements are fired simultaneously, which improves detectability, but at the cost of a slight degradation of the axial resolution. In real-time implementation, however, it must be borne in mind that the frame rate of a STA imaging system depends not only on the acquisition time of the data but also on the processing time needed for image reconstruction. Comparing to phased array imaging, a significant increase in the frame rate of a STA imaging system is possible if and only if an equivalent time efficient algorithm is used for image reconstruction.