卡尔曼滤波分光光度法同时测定炼油废水中苯酚和苯胺的研究

用卡尔曼滤波紫外分光光度法同时测定了模拟炼油废水中苯酚和苯胺的含量 ,取得了满意的结果。苯酚和苯胺的回收率分别为 99.0 %—— 10 3.8%和 97.8%—— 10 0 .6 %。     

DAN荧光法等3种测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒含量的方法比较

通过DAN荧光法,3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法测定蛹虫草菌丝体中硒的含量,对测得结果进行统计分析,并对其检出限、回收率进行比较研究.研究结果表明,DAN荧光法、3,3-二氨基联苯胺分光光度法和邻苯二胺紫外分光光度法中,硒含量相对标准偏差分别是2.5%,9.2%和6.1%;线性回归系数都大于0....     

红外分光光度法测定水体中石油类及萃取剂的选择

与重量法、紫外分光光度法、荧光分光光度法和非分散红外法相比,红外分光光度法具有灵敏度高、适用范围广和测定结果受标准油品及样品中油品组成影响较小的优点。在萃取剂的选择上,建议采用六氯四氟丁烷(S-316),它具有毒性小,萃取率高,准确度和精密度好等特点,完全可用作测定水与废水中石油类的提取剂。     

紫外分光光度法测定维生素B_6

本文建立了以 0 .0 35 mol/ L HAc(醋酸 )为介质 ,采用紫外分光光度法测定维生素 B6的新方法。该方法体系简单 ,操作方便、快速、灵敏 ,其表观摩尔吸光系数ε为 9.37× 10 4 L· mol-1· cm-1。线性范围为0 .61— 4 0 .10μg/ m L。用于 VB6片剂和针剂测定 ,回收率为 10 0 .82 %— 10 1.90 %     

非洛地平缓释片释放度检测方法的比较

制备了非洛地平缓释片,对其释放度的检测方法进行考察。采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分别测定非洛地平缓释片在1%吐温-80释放介质中的释放度,并分别对两种方法进行了方法学验证。结果表明紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法两者都符合释放度测定的要求,且两种方法测定的释放度结果没有显著的差异。     

紫外分光光度法测定普卢利沙星胶囊的含量

建立紫外分光光度法测定普卢利沙星胶囊含量的方法。采用紫外分光光度法,以0.1mol.L-1盐酸溶液为溶剂,测定波长为274nm。在1.2—12μg.mL-1浓度范围内,吸光度与相应的浓度呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9999）;重复性实验中,吸光度测定平均值为0.5825（n=6）,相对标准偏差为0.1%;回收率实验中,平均回收率为99.6%（n=9）,相对标准偏差为0.2%。本方法结果稳定,重复性好,为普卢利沙星胶囊提供了一个简单方便的含量测定方法。     

SPE逐步分离技术应用于常用果蔬防腐保鲜剂残留量检测的研究

建立固相萃取逐步分离-紫外分光光度法测定果蔬中残留的噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚、联苯的检测方法。样品经高速涡轮旋转石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(2∶1)提取,30%甲醇溶液上样,C18固相萃取柱富集、净化、分离三种残留防腐剂,分别采用30%乙醇(酸,pH 2.5)溶液、55%甲醇(碱,pH 11.5)溶液、75%乙醇(酸,pH2.5)溶液依次洗脱分离固相柱中被保留的噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚、联苯,对洗脱液进行紫外分光光度法检测。结果表明:三种防腐剂在1～10μg.mL-1的范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r>0.999 8。样品加标回收率为72.1%～103.5%,相对标准偏差在1.2%～7.7%,样品最低检测限分别为0.09,0.5和0.1μg.mL-1。该方法简便、灵敏、快速,能够满足同时测定果蔬中防腐剂残留量的要求。     

紫外分光光度法测定玉屏风散中黄芪甲苷的含量

用紫外分光光度法测定了玉屏风散中黄芪甲苷的含量及对其稳定性进行了研究,并对其结果进行了分析从而对本品质量进行控制.结果表明,采用紫外分光光度法测定黄芪甲苷含量,在波长为578±2nm时,浓度与吸光度呈线性关系,回归方程为y=0.080x 0.051,相关系数r2=0.9995;加样回收率为97.38%,RSD为0.86%(n=6).该法简便易行、快速准确,可作为玉屏风散中黄芪甲苷含量的测定.     

快速分光光度法同步测定地下水中赤霉素和草甘膦的相互影响

随着设施化农业的迅速发展,大量农药的不规范使用使高浓度赤霉素和草甘膦集中进入环境的风险增大(特别是地下水环境),因而关于二者在地下水中残留量测定方法的研究尤为重要。分光光度法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱法和液相色谱-质谱法是普遍使用的赤霉素和草甘膦测试方法,分光光度法由于操作简便而在快速检测中被广泛应用。然而,关于分光光度计快速同时测定地下水中赤霉素和草甘膦的方法,尚未有研究关注其相互影响。故建立和优化了快速分光光度法同步测定地下水中赤霉素和草甘膦的分析方法,并研究二者同步测定时的相互影响。结果表明,赤霉素校准曲线在0～20和0～100 μg范围内,具有良好线性相关关系(R2>0.99),方法检出限为0.48 μg。水样测定时,含15～150 μg赤霉素的平均回收率为71.3%±1.9%,方法精密度的RSD<10%;草甘膦校准曲线在0～8和5～15 μg范围内,具有良好线性相关关系(R2>0.99),方法检出限为0.82 μg。水样测定时,含3～10 μg草甘膦的平均回收率为98.4%±8.1%,方法精密度的平均RSD<10%。同时,根据浓度效应研究赤霉素和草甘膦快速分光光度法测定的相互影响表明,草甘膦0～100 mg·L-1对赤霉素的回收率没有显著影响,但是会降低其测试精密度;赤霉素2 mg·L-1会导致草甘膦测试中回收率由108.72%±4.33%增加到117.06%±3.2%。     

蒙药牛胆粉与羊胆粉中胆酸类成分的分析测定

胆酸与硫酸加热产生脱水反应,形成共轭双键,在紫外区产生特征吸收峰。用紫外-分光光度法测定了牛胆粉与羊胆粉中胆酸的含量。测定线性范围为0·0033～0·0167mg·mL-1(r=0·9997),加样回收率及RSD分别为98·48%,1·79%,96·46%,2·50%。5批次样品测定表明:牛胆粉中胆酸的含量在40·85%～43·03%之间,羊胆粉在30·88%～32·64%之间。牛胆粉精密度RSD为2·41%,羊胆粉精密度RSD为2·92%。稳定性试验在8h之内测定牛胆粉RSD为0·55%,羊胆粉RSD为0·59%。重复性试验牛胆粉RSD为2·11%,羊胆粉RSD为2·68%。方法简便、快速、便于推广应用,且可有效地控制牛胆粉与羊胆粉的内在质量。     

紫外分光光度法研究膨胀石墨对汽机油的吸附性能

水体油污染是当今迫切需要解决的环境问题之一。本文研究了膨胀石墨对汽机油的吸附性性能。结果表明,膨胀石墨对汽机油具有较大吸附量,清除水中汽机油的效果很好,除油率高达99%以上。     

Properties of Absorbent Acrylic Foam Prepared Based on the Method of High Internal Phase Emulsion

Acrylate and methacrylate monomers absorbent acrylate foams were prepared based on the method of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). The influence of reaction conditions on liquid absorption by acrylate foams was studied. The reaction conditions included monomer ratio, cross-linker amount, initiator amount, emulsifier amount, emulsion concentration, emulsification temperature, and the curing time. The reaction conditions were determined to achieve the best liquid absorption by acrylate foams. Acrylate foams were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that when the monomer ratio was 9:1, cross-linking agent was 30% of monomer amount, initiator amount was 4% of the reactants amount, emulsifier amount was 8% of the reactants amount, the ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase was 32:1, emulsification temperature was 75°C, and curing time was 1.5 h, we could prepare the acrylate foam material with the best liquid absorption. Reaction of monomer and cross-linking agent was confirmed by FTIR analysis. The pore sizes of acrylate foam were between 1 μm and 8 μm according to SEM analysis. This material was very suitable to absorb aqueous fluids.     

Ultrasound assisted preparation of water in oil emulsions and their application in arsenic (V) removal from water in an emulsion liquid membrane process

Water in oil emulsions are prepared by using an ultra-sonication device and used in an emulsion liquid membrane process in order to recover arsenic (V) ions from an aqueous medium. The aim of this work is the investigation of the effect of emulsifier concentration and composition, and also sonication time on the emulsion droplet size and the extraction efficiency in order to obtain stable emulsions with small droplets that favor the extraction. Results show that ultrasonic waves reduce internal droplet size which enhances the extraction of arsenic. In addition, internal droplet size is decreased initially and then increased by increasing Span 80 concentration. On the other hand, by increasing Span 80 concentration, extraction amount is increased and then decreased. Furthermore, emulsifier blends provide more stability for the emulsion. Increasing concentration of Tween 20 as a hydrophilic emulsifier up to an optimum concentration decreases internal droplet size and increases extraction amount. By increasing sonication time up to 4 min, the internal droplet size is decreased and the extraction amount is increased. If sonication time is increased further, the internal droplet size is increased and the extraction amount is decreased.     

Influence of donor and acceptor groups on the S-T energy gap for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters

Molecules composed of different donors and acceptors are theoretically designed as potential thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters, and their singlet–triplet (S-T) energy gap is studied using the optimal Hartree–Fork method. It is found that the S-T energy gap is in reverse proportional to the electron-donating ability. Stronger electron-donating ability of donors will induce smaller highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital overlap and also a smaller S-T energy gap. Based on our calculation results, three molecules are proposed to have great potential to be used as thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters in organic light-emitting diodes.     

非完全消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定虾皮中的铁、铜、锌和锰

用非完全消解法处理虾皮样品,即在低温下用浓硝酸-过氧化氢(3+1)混合酸消解样品,再用乳化剂OP溶解未消解的油脂而配制成无色透明的溶液,将此溶液用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中铁、铜、锌和锰元素的含量。建立了快速测定虾皮中微量元素的火焰原子吸收光谱法。对样品处理条件、混合酸中杂质及共存OP的干扰进行了实验,铁、铜、锌和锰的检出限(3S/k)分别为0.021、0.047、0.008、0.026m g.L-1。该法测定虾皮中铁、铜、锌和锰的含量,所得结果与灰化法测定结果一致。     

辛烯基琥珀酸酶解淀粉酯的性质和显微结构研究

采用傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、紫外可见光谱、激光纳米粒度仪和扫描电镜分析了自制的辛烯基琥珀酸酶解淀粉酯(EOSS)的性质和结构。轻度酶解淀粉经辛烯基琥珀酸接枝改性后,反应只引入辛烯基琥珀酸基团;酯化作用主要发生在无定形区,而对淀粉颗粒的晶型无影响;EOSS具有较高的透明度,且透明度随着取代度的增加而增大;EOSS制成的油脂乳状液粒度小,粒径大小分布均匀,具有较好的乳化性和乳化稳定性;以EOSS为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法制得的油脂微胶囊颗粒包埋效果良好。实验结果表明,制备的EOSS具有良好的性质和结构,可作乳化剂和微胶囊壁材。     

Acoustically active perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions as drug delivery carriers for camptothecin: drug release and cytotoxicity against cancer cells

Camptothecin is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that acts against a broad spectrum of cancers. However, its clinical application is limited by its insolubility, instability, and toxicity. The aim of the present study was to develop acoustically active nanoemulsions for camptothecin encapsulation to circumvent these delivery problems. The nanoemulsions were prepared using liquid perfluorocarbons and coconut oil as the cores of the inner phase. These nanoemulsions were stabilized by phospholipids and/or Pluronic F68 (PF68). The nanoemulsions were prepared at high drug loading of ∼100% with a mean droplet diameter of 220-420 nm. Camptothecin in these systems showed retarded drug release. Camptothecin in nanoemulsions with a lower oil concentration exhibited cytotoxicity against melanomas and ovarian cancer cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed nanoemulsion uptake into cells. Hemolysis caused by the interaction between erythrocytes and the nanoemulsions was investigated. Formulations with phosphatidylethanolamine as the emulsifier showed less hemolysis than those with phosphatidylcholine. Using a 1 MHz ultrasound, an increased release of camptothecin from the system with lower oil concentration could be established, illustrating a drug-targeting effect.     

Oil Migration in Chocolate

Oil migration in filled chocolates limits shelf life due to texture changes and loss of visual appeal. Spatial and temporal oil concentration changes of a two-layer chocolate and peanut butter filling system, which models a filled chocolate, were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. Formulations of chocolate varied with respect to particle size, milk fat content and emulsifier level. Sorption-time experimental data was used to establish the best fit diffusion coefficient for a Fickian diffusion model. On the basis of the comparison of spatial experimental data to the model, Fickian diffusion alone does not account for oil migration. Authors' address: Michael J. McCarthy, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA     

非完全消化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定人发中的钙和镁

在 8 0～ 130℃的低温下用浓硝酸及过氧化氢消化人发 ,直到溶液呈透明淡棕色 ,加乳化剂OP溶解消化过程中所产生的油脂 ,可获得一均匀的样品乳浊液。取适量乳浊液 ,加入适量琼脂溶液及释放剂La(Ⅲ )溶液配制成试液。对样品处理条件、干扰的消除及检出限进行了考察。本方法的测定结果与灰化法一致 ,相对误差小于± 0 5 %。方法简便、快速、准确。     

Effect of emulsifier content of sizing agent on the surface of carbon fibres and interface of its composites

In this work, carbon fibres were sized with different emulsifier content sizing agent in order to improve the performances of carbon fibres and the interface of carbon fibres composites. The surface characteristic changing after modification was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wetting and surface energy along with contact angles were determined by the dynamic contact angle analysis test (DCAT). At the same time, the single fibre strengths and weibull distributions were also studied in order to understand the effect of the emulsifier content of sizing agent on the carbon fibres. The interfacial shear strength and hygrothermal ageing of the composites were measured which showed a different enhancement, respectively. The results revealed that sizing agent E-3 showed better interface adhesion between fibres and matrix and sizing agent E-2 sized carbon fibre has better ageing resistant properties.