弹丸高速斜侵彻入水流场显示的初步研究

为认识弹丸高速斜侵彻入水的气/水界面变形破碎、入水空泡和水中冲击波传播,利用可变发射角立式二级轻气炮发射高速弹丸,结合高速激光阴影和纹影流场显示,给出了高速弹丸斜侵彻入水流场的演化图像。结果表明:当弹丸速度在350 m/s附近时,弹丸尾部气流会越过弹丸头部产生冲击波,因为时间短且水惯性大,冲击波在气/水界面反射但不会影响弹丸姿态和气/水界面。弹丸斜侵彻在水中产生冲击波系,气/水界面发生形变和破碎("碎片云"),水中产生冲击波系和空化气泡区,难以识别气泡和"碎片云"的边界,不同头部构型弹丸会影响气泡和"碎片云"体积大小以及水下弹道稳定性。弹丸速度为1.8 km/s时,碎片云体积大于水下空泡体积,但流场结构和350 m/s情形相似。采用立式二级轻气炮和流场显示系统,为研究高速弹丸斜侵彻入水现象提供了新的途径。     

光击穿液体空泡特性的高速图像测量

为了分析激光击穿液体介质过程中的等离子体闪光、空泡脉动、冲击波辐射、空泡溃灭发光等综合效应,将高速摄影技术应用于液体激光击穿研究.采用高功率激光聚焦击穿水、酒精、甘油、硅油等粘性液体,观测到了激光击穿形成的等离子体闪光、空泡脉动及溃灭、空泡溃灭发光及冲击波辐射.通过对激光空泡图像序列的分析,得到了不同液体介质中激光空泡的脉动特征、冲击波辐射等特性.研究结果可为水下激光加工、激光医疗、空化空蚀、能源相关流体力学的研究提供一定的理论和实验支持.     

激光空泡在刚性壁面附近空蚀特性

采用脉冲激光聚焦于透明液体中产生单个激光空泡,利用高速相机拍摄空泡在透明液体中整个运动过程,并对刚性壁面造成的空蚀现象进行了观测.实验研究发现,空泡溃灭将产生高速冲击波和高速射流,这是造成刚性壁面损伤的两种主要原因.空泡与刚性壁面的无量纲距离在0.4～1.4之同时,刚性壁面首先受到高速冲击波的破坏,由于空泡的趋壁效应,空泡在第二次收缩过程中将在壁面附近对实验靶材产生高速微射流的空蚀破坏.且这两种作用机制在无量纲距离为1.0时,高速微射流对壁面的空蚀效果更加明显.     

方形彩色滤波片纹影技术及其在NACA0012机翼模型跨音速测试中的应用

纹影技术是一种流动显示的光学方法,它不仅可用来研究静止透明介质的物理或几何特性,还可用来研究火焰、燃烧、热传导、激波、爆炸和流动(汽体和液体)等高速流逝现象的物理特性。由于纹影技术的灵敏度高、设奋费用较低和调整方便,越来越多地被科技工作者应用。本文叙述了方形彩色滤波片纹影技术的基本原理,与普通的刀口黑     

高速动光弹系统及其应用

高速动光弹仪是动态光弹性研究的有效诊断工具,主要用于记录各种结构在动载荷作用下,不同瞬间的应力条纹图像。研究应力波的传播规律,裂纹扩展过程,固体高速变形等。通常的动光弹仪为多火花式动光弹仪。国外也有采用静态光弹仪与转镜式高速分幅相机结合的系统。我们研究调试的动光弹系统,是在高速纹影系统中加入偏振光场,即静态光弹系统、纹影系统与转镜式高速分幅相机结合。在雷管动载荷作用下,应用高压脉冲氙灯光源,单色圆偏振光亮场,获得了不同光弹模型的清晰应力条纹图像。给出应力波的传播过程和孔附近产生的应力集中现象。该系统具有摄影频率高、曝光时间短、测试灵敏度高、适于强载荷、远距离研究大尺寸光弹模型,同时具有透射式和反射式光学系统等特点。从而为动态光。弹性研究提供了有效的测试技术和诊断系统。     

壁面附近激光空泡溃灭的空蚀特性

为分析空泡在壁面附近溃灭导致的冲击波和射流特性,提出将激光空化、高速摄影技术应用于激光空泡的空蚀研究。建立了壁面附近激光空泡的产生、微调控制及高速摄影测量实验平台。采用高速摄影技术对不同液体、不同γ参量条件下空泡脉动的外形特征、溃灭冲击波和溃灭射流等参量进行了测量。结果表明,壁面的存在弱化了空泡溃灭时的收缩程度,空泡溃灭时的冲击波和射流对壁面的破坏作用存在着此消彼长,相互竞争的关系;空泡在壁面附近脉动时,回弹泡的溃灭对壁面也可产生较强的破坏作用;液体的粘性增大有助于空泡表面维持稳定,减缓空泡溃灭时泡壁的运动速度。     

固体板中超声驻波场的高阶光弹条纹

利用动态光弹法观测了超声波在固体板内多次反射形成的驻波。通过相干叠加增大声波应力,使得动态光弹实验中偏振光的相位变化大于一个周期,从而观测到固体内超声波由行波转化为驻波的过程,并对高阶干涉条纹反映的驻波场特性进行了讨论。通过对声波应力进行定量测量,评估了固体板中超声驻波的激发效率。本文的工作为利用动态光弹法研究透明固体中的高强度声波提供了一种可行的方法。      

冲击波进入抗道入口时流动过程的彩色纹影观测

用160×200~(mm)的方形激波管产生0.5kg/cm~2至4.3kg/cm~2的入射平面波,传入斜角为90°、60°、45°和26.5°四种地下拐折抗道重型。用单次闪光纹影照相、高速摄影机分幅纹影照相以及彩色纹影照相观测了冲击波进入抗道后的流动图案。试验拍摄到入射冲击波进入抗道后的波的绕射、反射和波后的旋涡,得到了抗道中新生平面冲击波形成位置和入口冲击波压力及抗道斜角之间的关系。     

液体介质中的空泡发光现象及其他

空泡广泛存在于自然界中，理论和实验表明，空泡在坍塌时可以将能量密度提高-10^12倍，发出皮秒级超短脉冲闪光，文章对液体介质中的空泡规律和常用研究方法进行了描述，主要内容包括空泡动力学、声致发光、冲击波产生、激光空泡及空泡应用前景介绍。     

水中激光击穿空泡的高速摄影研究

为了分析激光击穿液体介质过程中的等离子腔体、空泡脉动、近/远场声波特性等综合效应,将高速摄影技术应用于水下激光击穿研究.观察到了激光击穿形成的等离子体闪光、空泡脉动及溃灭过程,通过对所得照片的分析,得到了激光空泡生长的规律,实验结果与已有的水下空泡理论计算及采用光散射、压力传感器测量结果吻合较好,证明了高速摄影技术在水下激光击穿产生空泡特性研究中的重要作用.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.