闪光机照射量及其角分布的参量依赖关系

 系统研究了电子束能量、发射度、击靶半径和电子束横向分布对闪光机靶前1m处X-射线的照射量及其角分布的影响。研究结果表明, 电子束能量、发射度、击靶半径的影响很大, 在闪光机的总体设计中必须加以认真考虑。     

影响X光源特性的参数研究

针对高能电子束撞击重金属靶产生轫致辐射光子, 利用蒙特卡罗方法详细研究了电子束半径与发射度以及靶的厚度对X光源特性的影响. 结果表明：电子束半径与发射度不仅是影响照射量的主要因素, 也是造成照射量分布不均匀的主要原因; 给定电子束, 存在一个靶厚度使得靶前1 m处的照射量最大. 因此, 在X射线成像系统的设计和模拟过程中, 应综合考虑电子束半径与发射度和靶厚的影响.     

电子束参量对轫致辐射照射量角分布的影响

本文研究了电子束半径,发射度及能量等参量对闪光X射线照射量在1m处角分布的影响。求得了使中心照射量最大,束半径与发射度之间应满足的拟合关系,表明了电子束能量越高,发射度越小,那么中心照射量就越大,照射量的空间分布就越理想。对电子细束入射位置和入射方向使用了解析法和随机抽样法求出,两种方法的数值计算所得的照射量分布符合得比较好。     

30 MeV电子束轰击旋转钽靶产生轫致辐射分析

提出了一种基于射频直线加速器的多脉冲X光照相系统,有望用于材料动态性能诊断等流体物理动力学研究。基于射频加速器的特点,该套照相系统能够产生时间跨度10 s以上、数个脉冲间隔可调、脉宽为几十至一百ns的脉冲电子束,产生电子束束斑半高宽尺寸小于1 mm。通过蒙特卡罗模拟程序Geant4,分析计算了特定的几何布局以及不同厚度及电子束束斑条件下,电子束打靶后在靶中的能量沉积,靶中的电子束散射对X光焦斑的影响,以及1 m处的照射量,探讨了这套X光照相系统的应用可行性。结果表明,在30 MeV,400 nC电子束轰击厚度为1 mm的靶条件下,1 m处照射量约为9.1 R,靶厚在1~2 mm范围内并未引起X光焦斑的明显增大。较小横向尺寸的电子束会引起靶体局部升温严重,将会制约脉冲数量;采用旋转靶能够提升脉冲数量,通过分析二维旋转靶的应力,分析了靶材升温以及钽/钽合金屈服强度对脉冲间隔的限制作用。     

束参量对X射线照射量的影响

用蒙特卡洛方法来讨论束参量（半径、发射度和能量)对轫致辐射照射量的影响．结果表明，当束击靶半径一定时，靶正前方一米处的照射量X1随发射度增加而减小；当发射度一定时，照射量先随半径增加而急速增加，在束半径大于Rbm后，随半径进一步的增加而缓慢降低．也研究了束参量对照射量角分布的影响．因为使用了电子束的K—V分布，所得X1值是偏于保守的．     

闪光照相中散射分布均匀性的影响因素

 为了在客体密度重建过程中采用迭代法扣除散射X射线的影响,提出了以散射分布均匀为主要目的的闪光照相系统设计思想。在介绍散射分布均匀性定义的基础上,分析了均匀扣除散射所带来的光程差。采用蒙特卡罗方法研究了系统放大倍数、照相距离以及后防护锥到图像接收系统的距离对散射分布均匀性的影响。结果表明：后防护锥到图像接收系统的距离是影响散射分布形状和散射照射量大小的一个主要因素;当后防护锥到图像接收系统的距离为55 cm左右时,散射分布均匀性近似最佳,而且照相距离越大,散射分布均匀性越好。这些研究结果可用于实际闪光照相系统的优化设计,在图像接收系统的响应范围内达到使散射分布均匀和降低光源模糊影响的目的。     

激光加速电子束放射照相的模拟研究

激光加速产生高能量电子束具有源尺寸小、准单能、脉宽窄等特征.通过蒙特卡罗程序模拟研究了高能电子束的放射照相.模拟了200 MeV准直电子束照射台阶靶、厚铁靶,11 MeV点源电子束照射惯性约束聚变模型靶,以及70 MeV点源电子束在激光等离子体磁场下的偏转.结果表明激光加速电子束在探伤厚材料内部、确认薄材料界面、测量电磁场等诊断中具有高时空分辨、灵敏等能力.     

高能轫致辐射光源参量及测量原理

准确提供高能闪光照相中光源参量对闪光图像的品质有重要意义。文中使用解析分析法和X射线输运的MC法讨论了源能谱、1m处照射量、光源照射量角分布和光源有效尺寸的测量方法和测量原理。阐明了对电子束和束斑尺寸的联合限制条件，以确保小角度内照射量分布的均匀性高于95％。对于MeV级光源，证明了传统的小孔法和狭缝法不能直接用来确定光源的有效尺寸，而轫边法能直接提供所需要的结果。     

4 MeV闪光X光机轫致辐射靶设计

对4 MeV闪光X光机的轫致辐射靶参数进行了设计和模拟计算。利用蒙特卡罗程序,计算得到当轫致辐射靶的有效钽靶材厚度约为0.6 mm时,靶正前方1 m处产生的单脉冲X光的照射量值最大,可以达到约2.86×10－3 C/kg,满足4 MeV闪光X光机对其单脉冲X光的设计要求。对不同能量下的单脉冲电子束加载在轫致辐射靶上的能量沉积密度进行了计算和比较,分析研究了不同结构下的靶破坏,结果表明:轫致辐射靶采用叠靶结构的钽靶能够满足4 MeV闪光机的实验需求。     

FTO客体3m闪光照相的Monte Carlo研究

 研究了客体模型FTO的闪光照相系统X光输运过程，给出了直穿照射量、散射照射量、直散比、直穿照射量能谱、散射照射量能谱、直穿X光通量能谱和散射X光通量能谱在记录平面的空间分布。结果表明：后锥是照射量散射成分的主要来源，后锥照射量占总散射量97%；后锥也是造成散射的空间分布不均匀的主要器件，这一不均匀性高达58%。照相系统的最小直散比非常小，表明锥造成的散射已经严重地淹没了直穿（轫致辐射）信号。计算中使用高空间分辨率记录法进行分点，合成图像对吸收系数的复原结果与国外报道的结果相符。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.