低频力学谱仪在高Tc超导体磁通钉扎研究中的应用

本文扼要介绍了我们研制成功的低频力学谱测试系统的原理与结构,并指出:力学谱(或力学耗散谱)能揭示材料的结构和缺陷的特征,能对材料的力、电、磁、光及其它性能进行深入探测,给出有益启示.该仪器对力学耗散谱最小分辨率达10-5,测量的最低频率达10-3Hz.本文着重讨论高Tc超导体磁通钉扎与力学谱的关系,在T以下,绝大部分已测得的力学谱峰(包括超声衰减突变和振动簧力学耗散峰)都属于滞弹性弛豫峰,由被钉扎的磁通线由热激活而运动.而真正用低频力学谱仪(现代的"葛氏扭摆")测量在Tc以下高Tc超导体力学谱实验尚未见报道.D.E.Farrell等在非孪生单晶的YBa2Cu3O7-δ试样(Tc＝90K及其以上)使用扭摆磁量计来测量,在Tc以下扭动振荡频率1.1×10-1Hz和磁场2.3特情况下,峰温Tp=85K左右.但是这个实验结果所得出的峰温和频率的关系与相变峰的规律有矛盾.在Tc附近的力学谱峰的机理是有争议的,有待实验进一步证实.本文还探讨磁通钉扎与临界电流的关系.     

可激发气体分子声弛豫过程振动模式能量转移速率计算

研究可激发气体中振动模式能量转移速率和声弛豫过程形成的关系,将单一气体Tanczos弛豫方程理论[J.Chem.Phys.25,439(1956)]扩展应用于混合气体中振动模式的振动-振动(V-V)和振动-平动(V-T)能量转移速率的计算。在室温下CO₂,CH₄,CL₂,N₂和O₂组成的多种混合气体中,振动模式能量转移速率的计算结果表明:对于多个振动模式所形成的声复合弛豫过程,各振动模式的声激发能可由V-V能量转移相互耦合后传递给具有最快V-T转移速率的最低振动频率振动模式,再通过该振动模式的V-T转移退激发形成主弛豫过程。这种选择最快转移路径的声激发量弛豫方式,造成了大多数可激发气体中声弛豫吸收谱的实测数据只存在一个吸收峰的现象。从而提供了一个可通过计算微观振动能量转移速率分析混合气体声弛豫过程形成机理的理论模型。      

复合体系方法测量液体力学谱

本文介绍了采用复合体系,测量得到凝聚态物质从固态到液态连续变化力学谱的一种新的实验方法.以簧振动为例,给出了解析的计算公式,以及应用条件.通过进一步综合分析,得到具有更广应用范围的近似公式,可以近似应用于其他不同的振动模式,如低频扭摆.应用新的测量方法,给出了典型小分子玻璃材料甘油和碳酸丙稀从玻璃态到液态的力学谱,观察到甘油和碳酸丙稀玻璃化转变、碳酸丙稀的再结晶、熔化和挥发的过程;测量得到挥发过程中水的质量随时间精确变化的曲线.最后,本文给出了新方法的一些应用展望.     

T_(1u)h_gJahn-Teller系统中的频率约化矩阵

在研究C60 的电声相互作用中 ,最重要的应是T1u电子态与hg 振动模式的偶合 ,俗称作T1u hgJahn Teller(JT)系统 .线性的T1u hgJT系统的势能面上只有势槽的存在 ,而当非线性耦合项加入后 ,势能面将被扭曲成具有D3d或D5d对称性的势阱 .在振动频率的各向同性假设下 ,势阱中hg 的五个振动分量相等 .但实际上并非如此 .hg 振动模式在电声偶合下将按阱中的对称性分裂成不同频率的振动模式 .而这些振动模式又可通过约化矩阵写成五个本征振动频率的叠加 .通过群论及 pik Pryce方法找出了分裂hg 振动模式的全部约化矩阵 .它们对C-60 离子的各向异性研究有着特别的应用价值 .     

扭摆振动实验

为了丰富“非线性系统实验”课程的教学内容,开设了扭摆振动实验,将力学中的非线性现象引入到教学中.在实验内容的设计上,采取线性振动和非线性振动相结合的方式,即:首先研究扭摆的线性振动,如阻尼振动、受迫振动等,先对振动问题有基本的理解,然后再研究扭摆的非线性振动,分别固定驱动频率、改变励磁电流和固定励磁电流、改变驱动频率,观察非线性摆的运动情况.     

低频内耗测量时标准滞弹性固体的内耗行为

用三参量力学模型的恒应力和恒应变弛豫时间描述了标准滞弹性固体的内耗行为.在低频内耗测量时,振动系统的惯量不可避免地影响测量的内耗值,当材料的内耗较大和测量频率与振动系统的共振频率可以比较时,惯量对内耗测量的影响较大,这时惯量的影响不可忽略. 关键词：     

β-D-吡喃半乳糖的太赫兹光谱研究

为深入了解β-D-吡喃半乳糖在太赫兹波段的光谱特性, 利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了室温下β-D-吡喃半乳糖晶体在0.3～3.0 THz范围内的吸收谱及折射率谱, 同时利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术获得了半乳糖在1.5～19.5 THz之间的吸收谱。实验研究的同时, 运用密度泛函理论和6-311+G**基组计算了气态孤立β-D-吡喃半乳糖分子的结构及其在太赫兹波段的振动频率, 并据此对实验光谱吸收峰进行了指认。研究结果表明, 除了因为分子间效应而导致的少许偏移外, 理论计算结果与实验数据吻合得很好; 实验光谱在6 THz以上频段的共振吸收峰来源于明确的分子内振动模式, 而6 THz以下低频段的共振吸收峰则主要来源于分子间氢键或晶体的声子模式。实验和理论研究的对比表明物质的远红外吸收特征对于分子的结构和空间排列非常敏感。     

双耦合场作用下的Mollow七峰谱

对双耦合A型三能级系统中Mollow谱线上叠加的新的透明和吸收特性进行了理论研究.若基态能级包括两条精细结构简并能级,强耦合场和探测场作用于激发态能级和第一条基态精细结构能级之间,另一个弱耦合场作用于激发态能级和第二条基态精细结构能级之间,则构成了双耦合A型三能级系统.通过调谐强耦合场的频率失谐量,探测吸收谱线中不仅得到了典型的Mollow三峰失谐谱,还出现了电磁诱导透明(EIT)和电磁诱导吸收(EIA)等新现象,形成了Mollow七峰谱.该文进一步分析了EIT和EIA的位置与耦合场参数之间的关系,并用缀饰态理论做出了解释.     

液晶苯酚酯相变内耗峰与振动频率的相关性

采用低频内耗方法，在强迫振动模式下研究了液晶苯酚酯材料相变过程内耗峰与振动频率之间的相关性.由一个简单的粘弹性的Maxwell模型出发，推导了在强迫振动模式下内耗峰的峰高与频率的关系式.从理论上得出了内耗峰高与振动频率之间的非线性关系.实验数据拟合的结果很好地符合这一关系式.这表明内耗峰随频率的变化规律是由振动系统本身的特征决定. 关键词：     

基于超强耦合量子点-纳米机械振子系统的全光学质量传感

提出一种复合量子点-纳米机械振子系统,该系统以半导体芯片为基底,量子点嵌入倒置半导体圆锥纳米线的底端,通过光学抽运-探测技术来驱动量子点-纳米机械振子系统,研究该系统中的相干光学特性.通过探测吸收谱给出确定机械振子频率和量子点-纳米机械振子耦合强度的全光学方法.此外,基于该系统理论上提出一种在室温下的全光学质量传感方案.通过测量吸收谱中附着在机械振子上纳米颗粒的质量引起的共振频移,可间接测出额外纳米颗粒的质量.与先前的复合纳米机械振子系统相比,系统中的激子-声子耦合强度的数值可与振子频率比拟,可实现超强耦合,有利于相干光学特性的观测,在超高精度及高分辨率质量传感器件方面有着潜在应用.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.