水下材料吸隔声性能测试近场长脉冲传递函数法

为消除有限空间壁面反射对大样水下材料声学性能测试的影响,利用传递函数法和脉冲法测试原理,建立声波垂直入射情况下水下材料吸隔声性能测试近场长脉冲传递函数法,10mm均匀钢板模型声学性能试验表明,压力环境下钢板反射及隔声性能测试值与理论值基本一致,反射系数测试偏差小于0.1,隔声量测试偏差小于1dB,可以采用近场长脉冲传递函数法测量声波垂直入射情况下材料声学性能,可有效克服边界反射对测试的影响。     

声管中的宽带脉冲法的水声材料吸声系数测量

现有的水声管吸声系数测量的脉冲法,由于水声管高度的限制,存在低频限制。提出了基于"后置""逆滤波的宽带脉冲声测试方法,在测量获得系统的传递函数后,换能器发射宽频短脉冲信号,然后对接收到的标准反射体和待测样本的反射信号分别进行逆滤波处理,恢复未经传递系统"污染"的反射信号,计算待测样品的反射系数和吸声系数。仿真实验分析了"后置"逆滤波相对于传统"前置"逆滤波的在低频测试方面优势。对橡胶材料样品进行了实验测试,无论在低频段还是中高频段,宽带脉冲法和CW (Continuous Wave)脉冲法测试结果均吻合较好。宽带脉冲法是一种有效的测试方法,其低频测试能达到350 Hz,能有效拓展低频测试范围。      

水声材料构件声学特性自由场宽带测量装置

介绍一套新建的水声材料构件声学特性自由场宽带测量装置,在开放消声水池中测量水声材料构件大面积样品的复声压反射系数(回声降低)、复声压透射系数(插入损失)和吸声系数,为研究和评定声纳水下声系统、潜艇声隐身等项目所用的水声材料构件设备声学特性提供了标准测试/校准系统.装置应用了宽带压缩脉冲叠加法和宽带指向性声源,最低测量频...     

黏弹材料动力学参数的宽频测试

利用改进的波速法,对黏弹性材料连续宽频范围的动力学参数进行测试。利用有限元方法,对波速法的测试过程进行了仿真,验证了利用长短棒波速法测量宽频动力学参数的有效性。采用可控脉冲生成技术,在激振器上产生了用于宽频测试的短脉冲信号。黏弹性长短棒在上述宽带短脉冲激励下作纵向强迫振动,利用激光测振仪测量长短两棒自由端的纵向振动速度,从而可得两振动信号在连续宽频范围的幅值比和相位差,进而可根据波速法原理计算得到材料在连续宽频范围的储能模量和损耗因子。测试结果表明,该系统通过较少次数测试,可直接计算得到1~5 kHz连续宽频范围的动力学参数,测试结果与黏弹仪数据吻合。通过对幅值比和相位差进行线性最小二乘拟合,可以进一步拓展测量的频率范围。该方法准确可靠、简便快速,具有实际应用价值。     

含空腔的功能梯度声学覆盖层水下吸声特性

针对传统的声学覆盖层吸声频带窄的问题,基于功能梯度材料的特点提出了一种含空腔结构的水下功能梯度声学覆盖层结构,引入梯度有限元法建立了功能梯度型声学覆盖层的水下声学计算模型,研究了功能梯度声学覆盖层结构的水下吸声特性。与传统的功能梯度结构声学建模方法相比,在保证计算精度和计算效率的基础上,文中所建立的功能梯度结构声学计算模型可适用于更复杂的功能梯度声学结构声学性能评估。研究结果表明,功能梯度声学覆盖层能够有效改善中高频段的吸声性能,获得较好的宽频吸声效果。此外,空腔形状采用锥型空腔结构或者组合型空腔结构可以有效地拓宽功能梯度声学覆盖层的吸声频带。      

黏弹材料动力学参数的宽频测试

利用改进的波速法,对黏弹性材料连续宽频范围的动力学参数进行测试。利用有限元方法,对波速法的测试过程进行了仿真,验证了利用长短棒波速法测量宽频动力学参数的有效性。采用可控脉冲生成技术,在激振器上产生了用于宽频测试的短脉冲信号。黏弹性长短棒在上述宽带短脉冲激励下作纵向强迫振动,利用激光测振仪测量长短两棒自由端的纵向振动速度,从而可得两振动信号在连续宽频范围的幅值比和相位差,进而可根据波速法原理计算得到材料在连续宽频范围的储能模量和损耗因子。测试结果表明,该系统通过较少次数测试,可直接计算得到1~5 kHz连续宽频范围的动力学参数,测试结果与黏弹仪数据吻合。通过对幅值比和相位差进行线性最小二乘拟合,可以进一步拓展测量的频率范围。该方法准确可靠、简便快速,具有实际应用价值。      

黏弹性材料的动态力学特性及其对覆盖层吸声性能的影响

本文利用标准化动态力学测量手段获得了某种高分子聚合物的动态杨氏模量,并根据时温等效原理对动态杨氏模量与声学测量在频段上的差异加以分析和转换,得到了500—7500 Hz频率范围内该黏弹性材料杨氏模量随频率变化的特性.基于所测得动态杨氏模量,采用有限元方法分析了均匀黏弹材料的吸声性能,并将仿真结果与样品声管实验数据进行对比,验证了测试所得参数的准确性.进一步仿真分析了含有局域共振结构的声学覆盖层吸声性能,并讨论了黏弹性材料的动态特性对其吸声性能的影响,提出了改进水声覆盖层低频宽带吸声特性的建议.     

窄脉冲声用于大样品的吸声测量

本文利用逆滤波器原理,在空间产生了波形可控、长度在毫秒量级的窄脉冲声信号,分别采用脉冲分离法和脉冲叠加法,对一种毛毡材料和三种不同厚度的海绵材料进行了吸声系数的测量。实验证明,基于窄脉冲声信号的吸声测量结果与ISO13472-1:2002中的MLS脉冲法及阻抗管的测量结果基本吻合。采用窄脉冲进行吸声测量,可以减少样品边缘和周围环境对测量信号的干扰,提高现场测量的准确性。     

水下吸声覆盖层声管测试的背衬研究

在吸声覆盖层水声声管测试的实验研究中，覆盖层背衬的选择对测量结果有重大影响。在我们二维理论研究的基础上，建立了吸声覆盖层声学特性的传递函数模型，分析比较了不同背衬对吸声覆盖层声学性能的影响。结果表明，不同背衬对吸声覆盖层吸声性能的影响具有明显不同的特性。背衬为双层壳体时，水层对吸声覆盖层的吸声系数曲线有明显的调制现象。背衬为单层壳体或双层壳体时，从整体上讲，吸声系数更趋近于刚性背衬而非软背衬的情况。在实验室小样品声管测试中，以较厚的钢柱作为背衬的测试数据来衡量吸声覆盖层性能更为合适，且易于实现。     

渔业声学回波散射测量系统的宽频带换能器

针对目前渔业声学宽频带回波散射测量系统采用多个不同频带的换能器合成、结构复杂且不方便携带的缺点,本文提出一种使用低机械品质因数、高谐振频率的积层压电致动器作为核心压电元件的"朗之万"型宽带水声换能器。测试结果表明,该换能器适用的频率范围为20 kHz~150 kHz,在三个渔业声学常用频率38 kHz、70 kHz、120 kHz下的-3 dB波束宽度分别为20.0°、11.5°、5.0°,可以满足对常见渔业资源种类的宽带声学回波散射特征的测量要求。     

压力罐中水声材料声学特性的参量源测量法

设计了一种原波频率500 kHz、差频范围1~30 kHz的截断宽带参量阵,作为水声材料测量系统的声源。通过分析典型频率下的宽带参量源指向性理论计算和实际测量结果,发现两者结果的曲线基本吻合,证明计算模型是正确的。应用钟形短时脉冲实现水声材料声特性的宽带测量,有益于降低样品边缘衍射干扰。并建立了测量水声材料大面积板状样品声压反射系数、声压透射系数和吸声系数的压力罐测量系统,罐体内尺寸Φ4 m×12 m,最高静水压4.5 MPa,测量频率范围1~30 kHz。对标准样品(尺寸1m×1m)进行了测量实验,其测量结果和理论曲线有很好的吻合,参量源测量法得到了验证;之后,通过对一块橡胶板样品在不同静压力下的吸声性能进行了测量和有效评估,进一步确认了参量源测量法在压力罐这样有限水域中的潜在应用价值。      

Wide-band underwater acoustic absorption based on locally resonant unit and interpenetrating network structure

The interpenetrating network structure provides an interesting avenue to novel materials. Locally resonant phononic crystal (LRPC) exhibits excellent sound attenuation performance based on the periodical arrangement of sound wave scatters. Combining the LRPC concept and interpenetrating network glassy structure, this paper has developed a new material which can achieve a wide band underwater strong acoustic absorption. Underwater absorption coefficients of different samples were measured by the pulse tube. Measurement results show that the new material possesses excellent underwater acoustic effects in a wide frequency range.Moreover, in order to investigate impacts of locally resonant units,some defects are introduced into the sample. The experimental result and the theoretical calculation both show that locally resonant units being connected to a network structure play an important role in achieving a wide band strong acoustic absorption.     

Phononic glass: A robust acoustic-absorption material

In order to achieve strong wide band acoustic absorption under high hydrostatic pressure, an interpenetrating network structure is introduced into the locally resonant phononic crystal to fabricate a type of phononic composite material called "phononic glass." Underwater acoustic absorption coefficient measurements show that the material owns high underwater sound absorption coefficients over 0.9 in 12-30?kHz. Moreover, the quasi-static compressive behavior shows that the phononic glass has a compressive strength over 5?MPa which is crucial for underwater applications.     

A model comparison of the absorption coefficient of a Microperforated Insertion Unit in the frequency and time domains

The absorption coefficient of acoustic materials can be measured either in the frequency or the time domain. At normal incidence, a sample of the material is fitted within an impedance tube and the absorption coefficient is calculated in the frequency domain from the measurement of the transfer function between two microphones [ISO 10534-2. Acoustics - determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes - Part 2: transfer function method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 1996]. When the acoustic material must be characterized at oblique incidence or in situ (noise barriers, for instance) the absorption coefficient is calculated from measurements of the loudspeaker-microphone impulse response in the time domain, both in free field and in front of the sample [CEN/TS 1793-5. Road traffic noise reduction devices - test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 5: intrinsic characteristics - in situ values of sound reflection and airborne sound insulation. CEN, Brussels, Belgium; 2003, ISO 13472-1. Acoustic measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ - Part I: extended surface method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 2002]. Since the absorption is an intrinsic property of the acoustic material, its measurement in either domain must provide the same result. However, this has not been formally demonstrated yet. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparison between the absorption coefficient predicted by the impedance model of a Microperforated Insertion Unit and the absorption coefficient predicted from a simulated reflection trace taken into account the finite length of the time window.     

近场浅海舰船目标定位精度实验研究

根据聚焦波束形成声图处理方法在实际海上测量的特点,提出用系统时延差校准、基阵倾角修正、深度测量、分频段目标定位等多种方法克服测量系统及环境的各种不利因素,实现舰船目标高精度定位。采用声图计算结果与GPS记录值对比、声图计算结果与GPS记录值的正横距对比两种方法进行了聚焦波束形成声图法精度的实验验证,经验证聚焦波束形成声图处理方法在浅海测量区有较高的定位精度。其最大正横距差值可以达到2.9 m,均值0.93 m,从而实现舰船目标高分辨精确定位。      

A wideband combined transducer for measuring system in sound tube

A wideband transducer for sound tube system is presented,which combines longitudinal transducer and ClassⅣflextensional transducer to improve the performance at low frequency and broaden the working band.The equivalent circuit is obtained and used to analyze the coupling mechanism between longitudinal transducer and flextensional transducer.A prototype of the transducer is developed after optimizing the electro-acoustic performances by Finite Element Method.The standing wave in the sound tube stimulated by this transducer has been studied and the sound absorbing coefficients of two acoustic materials samples are measured using this sound tube,which shows that the transducer can meet the requirements of acoustic material measurement with the working band ranging from 1.4 kHz to 23 kHz.     

Wideband acoustic absorption characteristics of rubberized coir for underwater applications

Reflection and transmission coefficients of rubberized coir pads over the frequency band 200 kHz to 4 MHz are presented in this Paper. These results are compared with those reported for neoprene, paraffin wax, rubber car mat and plastic door mat¹. The rubberized coir pads were found to possess wideband absorption characteristics. It has been experimentally found that 0.05 m thick coir pads have almost 100% absorption in the frequency range 800 kHz-3 MHz with a maximum at 2.35 MHz. We have used this material for lining the water tank for underwater acoustic studies.