基于单帧图像的相机响应函数标定算法

高动态范围成像技术能够避免因为拍摄方向如逆光和曝光量的不同而使图像存在亮度信息缺失和色差,影响真实场景的信息采集.该技术有利于在复杂环境下获得更高的成像质量,被广泛应用于模式识别、智能交通系统、遥感遥测、军事侦察等众多领域.相机响应函数的标定是高动态范围成像技术的关键,能够建立真实场景的辐照度与采集图像亮度值之间的映射关系,从而获得真实场景的高动态范围图像.所提出的算法通过单帧输入图像获得成像系统的相机响应函数,大大地提高了计算效率,并且适用于欠曝光及过曝光条件下采集的图像,扩展了相机响应函数标定算法的应用范围.     

针对动态目标的高动态范围图像融合算法研究

高动态范围成像技术能够全面有效地反映拍摄场景信息,有利于在复杂环境下获得更高的成像质量。目前基于多曝光图像序列的高动态范围图像融合算法需要高精度配准的输入图像序列,无法克服动态问题带来的影响,无法针对存在动态目标的多曝光图像序列进行高动态范围图像融合。基于此,提出了一种高动态范围图像融合算法。该算法利用基于色彩梯度的微分光流法获得由相机抖动以及场景目标运动导致的多曝光图像之间的动态目标偏移量;结合标定的逆相机响应函数构建高动态范围图像融合权重函数,对存在动态问题影响的多曝光图像进行高动态范围图像融合。实验结果表明,提出的算法无需提前对输入图像序列进行精确配准,能够有效克服动态问题影响,实现动态目标的高动态范围图像融合。     

基于改进差分进化算法的相机标定研究

目前相机标定多采用Tsai和Weng的基于非线性成像模型的分步标定法。在研究标定算法的过程中发现,待优化的目标函数具有多个局部极值点,采用传统的局部优化算法会导致迅速收敛到局部极值点,而非全局最优解,影响了标定精度。差分进化是一种收敛速度很快的进化算法,但当初始种群分布不够理想时,它可能快速收敛到局部极值点。将其改进后用于相机标定,提出了分步法与改进的差分进化算法相结合的相机标定方法。数据实验表明:标定精度比直接采用分步法有所提高。     

静态像点高斯灰度扩散模型参数估计方法

为了实现星敏感器高斯灰度扩散模型的参数估计,设计了平行光管成像标定实验及相关算法。基于高斯规律建立并求解了以高斯扩散半径和像点质心坐标偏差为变量的方程组,进一步求得灰度能量系数;在3个不同平行光源方位拍摄图像,利用图像灰度数据计算模型参数的系列测量值,分别取均值作为其估计值;建立实验验证方法,将3个估计参数代入模型模拟静态星像点,将模拟图像与存在噪声的实拍图像做相似度比较,3pixel×3pixel窗口内相似度高于0.97,5pixel×5pixel窗口内高于0.98,7pixel×7pixel窗口内高于0.98。结果表明,方程组求解得到的高斯扩散半径、像点质心偏差的值可信,推导公式正确。     

基于一维标定物和改进进化策略的相机标定

为了解决运动参数光电探测过程中的相机标定问题,制作一种两端及中间各安装一个红外反光标记球的一维标定物.不需要其它复杂标定装置,只要将这种特制的一维标定物在测量空间内多次随意移动并摄取其图像,即可实现标定.算法首先假定主点位于像面中心附近的某个位置,再求出焦距、旋转矩阵、平移向量和比例因子,最后通过评价函数将相机标定转换成寻找两相机最佳主点对的非线性最小化问题.在传统进化策略中引进个体的自我改进系数、个体间距离等概念,提出了求取子代个体间的欧式距离并排序的方法,设计了搜索最佳主点对的改进型进化策略算法.与传统标定方法相比,基于一维标定物的方法克服了多相机场合的遮挡问题,改进进化策略的引入打破了一维标定物需做某种特殊运动的限制,使一维标定物自由运动时相机内、外参数的同时求解成为可能,改进的模拟退火进化策略改善了算法的全局收敛性能并加快了收敛速度.     

基于数字微镜成像系统的响应曲线标定方法研究

高动态范围成像技术是当前光学成像领域的研究热点。基于数字微镜器件(DMD)具有调制入射光线空间信息的特性,设计了一种DMD相机,可提高成像系统的动态范围。同时,为了合理有效地编码控制DMD,根据该成像系统的结构及成像特征,利用数学分析方法先后标定了DMD调光响应曲线和CMOS图像探测器的响应曲线,并在此基础上提出基于DMD相机的响应曲线标定方法。实验表明,该成像系统突破了普通数字相机动态范围的限制,动态范围可提高至96dB以上。同时,还完成了DMD相机响应函数的快速标定,为实现DMD掩模的自适应调整提供了重要依据。     

光场分层成像系统的重聚焦标定方法

为根据参数精确获取分层位置的重聚焦像,提出了基于阶梯尺的标定方法.用光场相机拍摄阶梯标尺,利用重聚焦技术获得图像序列,使用点锐度评价函数计算图像序列各刻度面最清晰图像,完成重聚焦参数的标定.对标定结果进行评价,采用刃边法计算重聚焦图像的高斯离焦参数,阶梯标尺比刻度标尺标定方法减小25%以上,可以有效提高光场相机重聚焦的准确度.进行分层成像实验,对比两种标定方法下的分层重聚焦图像,验证了阶梯标尺标定的重聚焦结果更清晰,适用于光场分层成像系统.     

一种基于光场图像的聚焦光场相机标定方法

基于光场成像技术的场景三维深度重建,需标定光场相机的几何参数。本文提出一种基于原始光场图像的聚焦光场相机的标定方法。拍摄标定板不同旋转角度的原始光场图像;根据图像上像点与虚拟像点(像点关于微透镜的共轭点)的共轭关系,计算得到虚拟像点的坐标;根据标定板上角点与虚拟像点的共轭关系,建立聚焦光场相机标定模型;利用Levenberg-Marquardt算法求解标定模型,进行标定实验;比较所提方法与基于全聚焦图像的标定方法的标定参数。结果表明,原始光场图像与全聚焦图像对应的虚拟像点(角点关于主透镜的共轭点)之间的误差小于21pixel,角点的标定误差小于3%,基于原始光场图像和全聚焦图像方法获得的结构参数和外部参数具有较好的一致性,表明基于原始光场图像的标定方法的可行性。     

放疗3D剂量验证系统中光场相机点扩散函数获取

基于闪烁光场成像的放疗新型3D剂量测量中,需利用点扩散函数将每一个二维平面的真实闪烁光数据从重叠图像中提取出来。利用刀口法,结合光场数字重聚焦以及聚焦测距法,实验获取光场相机不同重聚焦位置处的点扩散函数,并给出棋盘格标定板在参数α=0.6时的重聚焦面聚焦在α=0.7位置处的高斯离焦点扩散函数表达式,研究光场相机点扩散函数的规律,通过测量几个必要值便可由函数拟合得到所有点扩散函数,减少光学分层成像中因分层数量增加引起的标定工作量。将结果引入图像处理,通过反卷积运算可获得每一个二维重聚焦面的真实闪烁光数据,有助于3D剂量的实时精确测量。     

一种高精度的非迭代位姿估计方法

针对增量式运动结构恢复中相机内参数未标定情况下位姿估计问题,提出一种高精度的非迭代位姿求解方法。根据针孔成像模型,构建了相机内参数未标定位姿估计问题描述方程,使用单位四元数对旋转矩阵进行参数化,并根据四重轴对称现象对旋转矩阵进行分解,通过最小二乘原理构建目标函数后,利用一阶最优化条件建立了关于旋转矩阵参数的二元多项式方程组,使用Gr9bner基求解该方程组得到旋转参数的闭合解,进而获得相机的位姿参数和焦距。该算法的计算复杂度为O(n),实验验证了其有效性、高精度和高数值稳定性。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.