NnHn(n=3~7)氮氢化合物的结构与性质理论研究

本文对53种NnHn(n=3~7)氮氢化合物进行了理论计算，应用自然键轨道理论(Nature Bond Orbital, NBO)和分子中的原子理论(Atoms In Molecules, AIM)分析了化合物的成键特征、相对稳定性。氮原子孤对电子与氮氮键以及氮氮键相互之间的超共轭作用是影响氮氮键长的重要因素。采用原子基团法，比较了化合物的原子基团能量和原子基团生成热。通过预测53种化合物的稳定性，找出了氮氢化合物的稳定性与结构之间的一些规律，为预测氮氢化合物的稳定性提供了新的方法和新的数据。     

环状氮氢化合物NnHn(n=3~5)的构象研究

应用密度泛函理论对10种环状氮氢化合物异构体进行了研究.利用自然键轨道理论(NBO)和分子中的原子理论(AIM)分析了这些异构体的成键特征、相对稳定性.N-N键长与键临界点的电荷密度存在反比关系.超共轭作用和立体排斥作用计算表明:立体排斥作用和超共轭作用在决定构象稳定性的方面均起了主要的作用.H原子的相对位置的差异影响了键-键立体排斥能的类型.     

环状氮氢化合物NnHn(n=3~5)的构象研究

应用密度泛函理论对10种环状氮氢化合物异构体进行了研究。利用自然键轨道理论(NBO)和分子中的原子理论(AIM)分析了这些异构体的成键特征、相对稳定性。N-N键长与键临界点的电荷密度存在反比关系。超共轭作用和立体排斥作用计算表明:立体排斥作用和超共轭作用在决定构象稳定性的方面均起了主要的作用。H原子的相对位置的差异影响了键-键立体排斥能的类型。     

Ru(0001)表面氮分子和钡原子的相互作用

本文采用密度泛函理论方法研究了Ru(0001)表面氮分子和钡原子的相互作用.计算结果表明,钡原子的作用弱化了氮分子键.氮分子键长从Ru(001)-N2表面的0.113 nm伸长互Ru(001)-N2/Ba表面的0.120 nm;分子的拉伸振动频率从2221 cm-1减小到1746 cm-1;氮分子得到的电荷数从清洁表面的0.3e增加到1.1 e.电荷从钡原子6s轨道向钌原子4d轨道转移,转移电荷增强了氮分子2π空轨道和钌原子4d轨道间的杂化作用,导致5σ分子轨道和dπ杂化轨道发生极化.轨道极化使分子电偶极矩增加了约-0.136 e(A).金属钡在Ru(0001)表面氮分子活化过程中具备电子型助催剂的特征.     

稀有气体化合物MRg~+和MRgF(M=Co,Rh,Ir,Rg=Ar,Kr,Xe)的成键分析（英文）

本文运用B3LYP、MP2、MP4(SDQ)和CCSD(T)方法对由稀有气体原子(Ar,Kr,Xe)与过渡金属原子(Co,Rh,Ir)形成的化合物MRg~+和MRgF进行了几何结构优化和频率计算,并探究了这些化合物的热力学性质.结果表明,MRg+在热力学上是稳定的,而MRgF在热力学上为亚稳态.同时使用分子中的原子理论的电子密度拓扑分析方法、自然键轨道分析方法、能量分解分析方法等多种分析方法来解析M-Rg的成键性质.结果显示,化合物MRg~+的单位正电荷主要分布在金属M上,且这类化合物中金属的电子密度分布与单价离子M~+相似,因此MRg~+中的M-Rg键弱且不共价.与MRg~+相比,MRgF中的M-Rg键长更短(接近于M与Rg原子的理论共价半径之和),Wiberg键级指数更大,具有部分共价性质.     

铁小檗碱化合物结构的密度泛函理论研究

本工作采用密度泛函理论(B3LYP)方法对铁小檗碱化合物的中性分子及离子进行了结构优化和频率计算.结果表明:无论是中性分子还是离子,铁小檗碱物化合物基态结构都是小檗碱基态结构中的与N原子相邻的C10原子上键合一个Fe原子形成的.其阳离子结构具有C_1对称性和~3A电子态;中性分子的基态结构具有C_1对称性和2A电子态;阴离子的基态结构具有C1对称性和5A电子态.当铁小檗碱物化合物的阳离子得到一个电子后,C(10)-Fe(26)及Fe(26)-H(44)的键长都有所变短;当中性分子得到一个电子变成阴离子后,C(10)-Fe(26)及Fe(26)-H(44)的键长都有所增加.     

稀有气体化合物MRg+和MRgF(M=Co，Rh，Ir，Rg=Ar，Kr，Xe)的成键分析

本文运用B3LYP、MP2、MP4(SDQ)和CCSD(T)方法对由稀有气体原子(Ar,Kr,Xe)与过渡金属原子(Co,Rh,Ir)形成的化合物MRg⁺和MRgF进行了几何结构优化和频率计算,并探究了这些化合物的热力学性质. 结果表明,MRg⁺在热力学上是稳定的,而MRgF在热力学上为亚稳态. 同时使用分子中的原子理论的电子密度拓扑分析方法、自然键轨道分析方法、能量分解分析方法等多种分析方法来解析M-Rg的成键性质. 结果显示,化合物 MRg⁺的单位正电荷主要分布在金属M上,且这类化合物中金属的电子密度分布与单价离子M⁺相似,因此MRg⁺中的M-Rg键弱且不共价. 与MRg⁺相比,MRgF中的M-Rg键长更短(接近于M与Rg原子的理论共价半径之和),Wiberg键级指数更大,具有部分共价性质.     

美西律在人体内形成一氧化氮的机理研究

采用直接药物设计中的全新药物设计方法,利用MOPAC6.0中的AM1计算方法,以美西律(C10H15NO)为研究对象,探讨其在体内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)作用下通过氧化末端氮原子N4而合成一氧化氮的机理.通过研究此过程中化合物的中间产物的能量变化、相关键长和相关原子净电荷变化,我们讨论了这个机制的合理性.     

Al(N3)3和P(N3)3结构与性质的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311++G(3df)理论水平,对二元叠氮化合物Al(N3)3和P(N3)3进行密度泛函理论计算研究,获得其稳定分子的几何构型、电子结构、红外光谱以及稳定性.研究结果表明,P(N3)3分子中的磷原子拥有一对孤对电子,给予临近氮原子(Nα)上的孤对电子较大斥力,从而使其表现出三角锥形结构特征,而Al(N3)3表现为平面三角形结构特征.自然键轨道分析表明,Al-Nα和P-Nα键本质上均属于共价键.与叠氮自由基相比较而言,Al(N3)3和P(N3)3的每个叠氮基内部的总成键度显著增大,从而导致N3基的振动频率发生明显蓝移.前线分子轨道能级差和叠氮自由基键离解能的计算结果均表明Al(N3)3比P(N3)3更稳定.     

Ru(0001)表面氮分子和钡原子的相互作用

本文采用密度泛函理论方法研究了Ru(0001)表面氮分子和钡原子的相互作用。计算结果表明,钡原子的作用弱化了氮分子键。氮分子键长从Ru(001)-N2表面的0.113 nm伸长至Ru(001)-N2/Ba表面的0.120 nm;分子的拉伸振动频率从2221 cm-1减小到1746 cm-1;氮分子得到的电荷数从清洁表面的0.3 e增加到1.1 e。电荷从钡原子6s轨道向钌原子4d轨道转移,转移电荷增强了氮分子 空轨道和钌原子4d轨道间的杂化作用,导致 分子轨道和 杂化轨道发生极化。轨道极化使分子电偶极矩增加了约-0.136 eÅ。金属钡在Ru(0001)表面氮分子活化过程中具备电子型助催剂的特征。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.