理想费米气体磁性的统计理论

本文介绍了用统计理论研究费米气体磁性的方法：泡利顺磁性、朗道抗磁性，并导出德哈斯－范阿耳芬效应，提出该效应是研究费米面的有力工具．     

窄禁带稀磁半导体二维电子气的磁阻振荡研究

通过改变温度和磁场方向对调制掺杂的n型Hg_0.82Cd_0.16Mn_0.02Te/Hg_0.3Cd_0.7Te第一类量子阱中磁性二维电子气磁阻拍频振荡进行了深入的研究，发现不仅温度的变化能够引起磁阻拍频节点位置的变化. 而且改变磁场方向，可以分别调整塞曼分裂和朗道分裂. 从对拍频的分析中，可以将依赖于磁场垂直方向的朗道能级分裂和依赖于整个磁场大小的塞曼分裂区分开来. 关键词： 磁性二维电子气 自旋分裂 塞曼分裂 拍频     

朗道序参量理论计算液气流体系统的临界指数

本文针对朗道序参量理论处理液气流体系统出现的临界点以下液、气两相热力学势不对称这一困难,提出可以根据液气两相在平衡共存时化学势相等,研究沿两相共存曲线系统的吉布斯函数与序参量的关系及其临界行为。论文进一步演示了应用朗道理论计算该体系临界指数的具体过程,结果显示所得到的临界指数与朗道理论处理磁性系统所得的临界指数一致。论文研究弥补了目前"热力学与统计物理"教材中朗道序参量理论计算液气流体系统临界指数的空缺。     

朗道及其对物理学的贡献

综述朗道的一生及其较为重要的贡献之一——朗道二级相变理论,着重论述了朗道相变理论表述形式的一种修正以及朗道对物理学的贡献．     

烧结Nd—Fe—B永磁合金矫顽力机制的理论与实验研究

从理论和实验上研究了烧结Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ永磁合金的矫顽力随取向磁场的变化规律。指出磁体反磁化过程主要是晶粒边界软磁性区的反磁化成核以及反磁化核长大成畴并向晶粒内部不可逆畸壁位移的过程。比较了成核场与退钉扎场的大小及其随磁场方向的变化，并得出结论：退钉扎场是决定烧结Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ磁体矫顽力的主要机制。     

烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁合金矫顽力机制的理论与实验研究

从理论和实验上研究了烧结Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ永磁合金的矫顽力随取向磁场的变化规律。指出磁体反磁化过程主要是晶粒边界软磁性区的反磁化成核以及反磁化核长大成畴并向晶粒内部不可逆畴壁位移的过程。比较了成核场与退钉扎场的大小及其随磁场方向的变化，并得出结论：退钉扎场是决定烧结Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ磁体矫顽力的主要机制。 关键词：     

Л．Д．朗道和他的科学贡献（Ⅱ）

Л．Д．朗道和他的科学贡献（Ⅱ）王庆国（军械工程学院基础部石家庄０５０００３）朗道的科学贡献朗道的研究领域十分广泛，而且“在任何领域的贡献都是引人注目的”［１０］．在庆贺朗道五十岁生日时，他在苏联的同事和朋友曾把他的科学贡献概括为十条，半郑重、半幽默...     

转角石墨烯体系的拓扑特性和轨道磁性

本文介绍了转角双层石墨烯和多层石墨烯中的电子结构、拓扑性质以及轨道磁性.在转角双层石墨烯中,由于两层石墨烯之间的相对旋转会形成具有长周期的摩尔条纹.由转角产生的摩尔势场会在摩尔超元胞中产生方向相反的赝磁场,与两层的石墨烯中的狄拉克电子耦合,从而产生赝朗道能级.而魔角石墨烯中的每个谷和自旋自由度的两条平带就等价于两个具有相反陈数的零赝朗道能级.这样的赝朗道能级表示可以很自然地解释一系列"魔角"的来源,也对理解魔角双层石墨烯中观测到的关联绝缘态和量子反常霍尔效应具有重要意义.本文进一步讨论了转角多层石墨烯,并发现转角多层石墨烯体系中普遍存在具有非平庸拓扑性质的平带.这些拓扑平带通常具有非零的谷陈数,并且在一定近似下可以由一个普适的规律描述.本文还讨论了转角石墨烯体系中的拓扑平带所具有的轨道磁性.如果时间反演对称性自发破缺,转角石墨烯体系会处于一个谷极化的基态.这样的谷极化基态是一个在摩尔尺度上的轨道磁性态,在摩尔超胞中具有纳米尺度的环状电流分布.之前的理论提出在转角双层石墨烯体系中观测到的关联绝缘态的本质就是一种净磁矩为零的"摩尔轨道反铁磁态".当体系的C_(2z)对称性被氮化硼衬底破坏时,转角石墨烯中的谷极化基态则变成了一种"摩尔轨道铁磁态",它不仅具有(量子)反常霍尔效应,也具有新奇的磁光效应和非线性光学响应.     

弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级

利用线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法研究了弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级.通过线性自旋波理论,发现磁赝朗道能级出现在磁子能谱的高能端,其能级间距与能级指数的平方根成正比.线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法都显示,尺寸相同时随着应变强度的逐渐增加,局域磁化强度逐渐减弱,应变强度相同的条件下反铁磁序在y方向上连续减弱,因为上边界处的海森伯链解耦为孤立的垂直链,导致上边界附近的磁序被破坏.量子蒙特卡罗方法提供了更精确的反铁磁序演化:在特定应变强度下上边界处垂直关联不变,水平关联增加,从而影响磁化强度,使局域磁化在上边界处呈上翘趋势.研究结果有助于理解弯曲应变对自旋激发的影响,并可能在二维量子磁性材料实验中得以实现.     

量子等离子体中波的色散关系以及朗道阻尼

利用动理学理论研究量子等离子体中波的色散关系和电子朗道阻尼.从电子的量子流体动力学方程和动理学描述下的光子运动方程出发,研究量子效应对光子朗道阻尼的修正.研究发现量子效应只对纵波模式,即电子等离子体波的色散关系有修正,对横向电磁波的色散关系没有影响.量子效应减小了朗道阻尼,起着朗道增长的作用. 关键词： 量子等离子体 朗道阻尼 电子等离子体波 色散关系     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.