(n,p)和(n,α)激发函数半经验计算方法

在En≤20MeV的情况下,忽略了粒子的二次发射过程,认为复合系统的形成截面是能量相关的,得到了理论模型清晰、公式形式简单的半经验计算方法.在靶核23≤A≤209的范围内,利用大量(n,p)和(n,α)反应的截面实验数据对可调参数进行了研究,得到了参数对靶核的N和Z以及入射能量的依赖关系.对得到的参数做了定性的解释,利用普适参数对(n,p)和(n,α)反应的激发函数做了预言,预言值在其误差范围内与实验数据一致. To simplify the calculation, some assumptions are considered at present work. The preequilibrium emission is the first step in the equilibrium process, which is characterized by exciton n=3 and "never come back" are considered at the preequilibrium emission process; the proton and alpha emissions are only competed with the neutron emission, the second particle emission is neglected. A semiempirical method of the cross section for (n, p ) and (n, α) reactions were obtained on the basis of evaporatio...     

(p,n)和(p,2n)反应激发函数的系统学研究

从普朗克(Planck)黑体辐射公式和实验测量数据出发,采用唯象的方法提出了包含两个可调参量,入射质子能量从阈能到150MeV,靶核质量数在44相似文献   

180≤A≤210核区快中子诱发γ产生机制的巨偶极共振模型研究

在180≤A≤210核质量区研究快中子诱发γ射线产生机制中与巨偶极共振模型相关的问题,包括(n,γ)反应与(n?,n′γ)反应中级联γ退激过程γ射线强度函数的差异和(n,γ)反应中直接–半直接辐射俘获与复合核统计过程反应截面之比随入射能量、核质量数和核壳层的变化规律.据此,中子入射能量选在1—20MeV,给出了¹⁸¹Ta及¹⁹⁷Au和²⁰⁸Pb的理论计算结果及与实验数据的比较,并对结果进行了分析和讨论.     

56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n,p)56,54Mn反应截面计算及普适性模型参数优化研究

基于中子与Fe发生反应产生“氢泡”,及“氦泡”对新型核能利用系统壁材料的影响,开展了中子诱发56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应截面计算研究工作。本工作根据现有的56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应实验数据、评价数据,对TALYS程序调用的物理模型(包括能级密度、对修正、核温度、光学势参数等)进行参数调校,得到了一组普适性强的模型参数。基于调校的参数,本工作采用核反应程序TALYS理论计算56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应的截面、能量微分截面以及双微分截面,全部数据都能与实验数据、评价数据符合较好,且适用于较宽的中子能量区间0~175 MeV。本工作提出了56,54Fe(n, α)53,51Cr, 56,54Fe(n, p)56,54Mn反应的普适性模型参数,促进了核反应理论的发展,为核数据的评价奠定了基础。     

在独立α集团模型下对敲出反应16O(p,pα)12C和16O(α,2α)12C的研究

在独立α集团模型下,利用扭曲波冲量近似(DWIA),计算了实验室系下入射能量为101.5MeV的敲出反应16O(p,pα)12C和实验室系下入射能量分别为90MeV和140MeV的敲出反应16O(α,2α)12C.得到的反应截面和谱因子与实验数据基本符合,比用壳模型的结果有了一定的改进,表明独立α集团模型能较好地描述α集团敲出反应的机理.     

(n,2n),(n,3n)反应激发函数的系统学研究

本文用包括平衡前发射在内的蒸发模型理论研究了(n,2n),(n,3n)反应的激发函数系统学.在对实验数据分析、拟合的基础上,得到一组较好的经验参数.利用这组参数计算得到的截面和实验结果符合较好.     

同质异能靶核的中子核反应计算

基于光学模型和带宽度涨落修正的Hauser-Feshbach理论编写了程序OMHFISO, 该程序适用于计算靶核处于同质异能态并且入射粒子能量小于5MeV的核反应, 入射粒子和出射粒子均可以是n,p,d,t,³He和⁴He 6种.迄今还很少有人计算过同质异能靶核的全套核数据.利用程序UNF, OMHFISO以及DWUCK4计算了不稳定同位素⁹⁰Rb和^{91,93,96,97,98}Y的同质异能靶核在入射粒子能量低于20.0MeV的全套中子反应数据, 并且得到了合理的结果.     

p+209Bi核反应微观数据的理论计算

利用光学模型、激光模型、蒸发模型及扭曲波玻恩近似理论,对入射能量从阈能到300MeV,p+²⁰⁹Bi的中子反应截面、剩余核截面、出射粒子的多重数进行了理论计算及分析,并将计算结果与实验数据进行了比较.同时得到一组能量到50?0MeV与实验数据符合很好的光学势参数.     

高能质子–核反应中N(1440)激发

在相对论的理论框架下,对高能质子在自旋为零、同位旋为零的原子核上的p+A(S=0,T=0)→p′+A′+π反应进行了理论分析.讨论了在入射质子上的N?(1440)激发机制的特点.以12C靶核为例,计算了在入射能量为2.5GeV的情况下,通过N(1440)激发及衰变产生单π的反应过程,并讨论了核扭曲效应对反应的影响和在我国兰州重离子冷却储存环上开展实验研究的意义和可能性.     

热熔合反应合成超重核产生截面的同位素依赖性

通过在形成超重核的重离子俘获和熔合过程中引入位垒分布函数的方法对双核模型做了进一步发展. 超重核形成过程中的俘获、熔合和蒸发3个阶段分别采用了半经验的耦合道模型、数值求解主方程和统计蒸发模型的方法来描述. 计算了近年来Dubna小组利用热熔合反应⁴⁸Ca(²⁴³Am, 3n—5n)^288—286115和⁴⁸Ca(²⁴⁸Cm, 3n—5n)^293—291116合成超重新核素的蒸发余核激发函数. 系统分析了⁴⁸Ca轰击锕系元素U,Np,Pu,Am,Cm合成超重核Z=112—116产生截面的同位素依赖性. 给出了合成超重新核素最佳的弹靶组合和入射能量, 即有最大的超重核产生截面. 计算说明, 壳修正能和中子分离能是影响超重核生成截面产生同位素依赖性的主要因素.     

Duality relation for 32-vertex model on the triangular lattice

The duality relation is derived for a vertex model on the triangular lattice. Vertex configurations are limited to the 32 that have an odd number of incoming arrows, and vertex energies are invariant to rotations ofp/3 and reversal of all arrows. Special cases of the model include the triangular Ising model and Baxter's three-spin model, for each of which the duality relation gives the critical temperature.Research supported in part by NSF Grant No. 33535X.     

丙酮CO键在溶剂中频移变化的几种理论模型比较

测量了丙酮在16种溶剂中CO键的伸缩振动拉曼光谱,并且在Gaussian03程序下采用自恰反应场方法(SCRF)对丙酮在各种溶剂中的拉曼光谱进行了理论计算。用三种溶剂模型的电子给体-受体模型、Kirkwood模型和自恰反应场模型对实验结果进行了分析比较,结果表明Gutmann提出的电子给体-受体模型与实验结果符合的最好,而自恰反应场理论结果要好于Kirkwood模型。通过对三种模型的机理进行分析,得出给体-受体模型在解释电负性比较强的分子键振动光谱比较好,自恰反应场模型不但考虑了介电常数ε,而且考虑了分子大小、构型等因素的影响,模型复杂,计算量比较大,但是因为考虑的因素比较多,所以与实验结果也符合的比较好,而Kirkwood模型的主要参数为ε,模型简单,计算简便,能大致反映频移的趋势,说明介电常数是影响频移的一个主要因素。     

Fractional differential models for anomalous diffusion

In this study, we investigate three kinds of fractional differential models (distributed-order model, variable-order model and random-order model) for characterization of anomalous diffusion. The characteristics, physical advantages and potential applications of each model are highlighted. The numerical simulations also validate our analytical and comparison results. Furthermore, a generalized distributed-variable-order model and a more generalized distributed-variable-random-order model are proposed to combine the advantages of distributed-order model, variable-order model and random-order model.     

丙酮CO键在溶剂中频移变化的几种理论模型比较

测量了丙酮在16种溶剂中CO键的伸缩振动拉曼光谱,并且在Gaussian03程序下采用自恰反应场方法(SCRF)对丙酮在各种溶剂中的拉曼光谱进行了理论计算。用三种溶剂模型的电子给体-受体模型、Kirkwood模型和自恰反应场模型对实验结果进行了分析比较,结果表明Gutmann提出的电子给体-受体模型与实验结果符合的最好,而自恰反应场理论结果要好于Kirkwood模型。通过对三种模型的机理进行分析,得出给体-受体模型在解释电负性比较强的分子键振动光谱比较好,自恰反应场模型不但考虑了介电常数ε,而且考虑了分子大小、构型等因素的影响,模型复杂,计算量比较大,但是因为考虑的因素比较多,所以与实验结果也符合的比较好,而Kirkwood模型的主要参数为ε,模型简单,计算简便,能大致反映频移的趋势,说明介电常数是影响频移的一个主要因素。     

Symmetry Relations for the Six-Vertex Model

The exact solution of the asymmetric six-vertex model is cast in an algebraically simple form in which the extraction of physical quantities is transparent. This is used to derive a symmetry relation corresponding to the exchange of spatial x and y axes. As an application we study the field-induced phase transition of a two-dimensional analogue of spin ice, a frustrated Ising magnet.     

α decay energies and half-lives from a macroscopic-microscopic model

α decay energies of 323 heavy nuclei with Z≥82 are evaluated with a macroscopic-microscopic model.In this model,the macroscopic part is treated by the continuous medium model and the microscopic part consists of shell and pairing corrections based on the Nilsson potential.α decay half-lives are calculated by Viola-Seaborg formula.The results of α decay energies and half-lives are compared with experimental values and satisfactory agreement is found.The recoiling effect of the daughter nucleus on α decay half-life is also discussed.     

Nonintersecting string model and graphical approach: Equivalence with a Potts model

Using a graphical method we establish the exact equivalence of the partition function of aq-state nonintersecting string (NIS) model on an arbitrary planar, even-valenced, lattice with that of a q²-state Potts model on a related lattice. The NIS model considered in this paper is one in which the vertex weights are expressible as sums of those of basic vertex types, and the resulting Potts model generally has multispin interactions. For the square and Kagomé lattices this leads to the equivalence of a staggered NIS model with Potts models with anisotropic pair interactions, indicating that these NIS models have a first-order transition forq > 2. For the triangular lattice the NIS model turns out to be the five-vertex model of Wu and Lin and it relates to a Potts model with two- and three-site interactions. The most general model we discuss is an oriented NIS model which contains the six-vertex model and the NIS models of Stroganov and Schultz as special cases.     

一种新的可调频等离子体辐射源

本文介绍了一种频率连续可调的等离子体辐射源。它是利用波与相对论等离子体前沿相互作用产生多普勒频移来产生辐射的。针对ＴＥ波与圆波导内低密度等离子体前沿相互作用，本文推导了所产生的辐射脉冲的上移频率、反射效率、传输效率和脉冲长度等计算公式。     

Manothermosonication (MTS) treatment of apple-carrot juice blend for inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7

This study was performed to evaluate the responses of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 inoculated in an apple-carrot blended juice to manothermosonication (MTS) treatments. The MTS treatments were conducted in a continuous-flow MTS system. The juice samples were exposed to ultrasound treatment at combinations of three temperatures (60, 50 and 40 °C) and three pressure levels (100, 200, and 300 kPa) for five residence times (15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 s). The results showed that higher treatment temperature (i.e. 60 °C) and hydrostatic pressure in the MTS system significantly enhanced the microbial reduction. A FDA mandated 5-log CFU/ml reduction of E. coli 0157:H7 for juice processing was achieved in 30 s for MTS treatment at 60 °C, in comparison to 60 s at 50 °C. The Weilbull and Log-logistic models provided the best fitting of the inactivation data for the MTS treatments. Extensive damage of E. coli 0157:H7 cells treated with MTS was observed on micro-images of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.