电磁带隙结构在天线雷达散射截面减缩中的应用

 提出了一种使用电磁带隙结构来减小微带印刷对称阵子天线雷达散射截面的方法。该方法利用电磁带隙结构的带阻特性,使其能作为天线的地板,在带外(非谐振)时,电磁带隙结构对入射电磁波起滤波作用。仿真和实验的结果表明,电磁带隙结构能保证天线在带内辐射不受影响的同时,还大幅度地降低了天线带外的雷达散射截面。     

高功率平板波导螺旋阵列天线设计

提出了一种工作在C波段的高功率平板波导螺旋阵列天线。以平板波导馈电,降低了馈电复杂性和馈电结构高度;对基本的电探针结构进行改进,通过控制扇形缝隙的圆心角大小来调整耦合量,并采用上下脊结构消除反射;设计了短螺旋天线结构,通过分离的参数分别优化轴比和反射,得到天线的轴比在?7°～7°的范围内小于0.5 dB;构建了一个20单元的直线馈电阵列,通过电探针结构从平板波导中耦合能量,实现了20单元的等幅馈电。最后仿真了一个工作在4.3 GHz,包含20×20个单元的螺旋阵列天线,结果表明:该天线的增益为31.6 dB,口径效率为74%,在4.11～4.43 GHz的频带范围内反射小于?16 dB,功率容量3.6 GW。     

级联电磁带隙结构对双频微带天线互耦的影响

一种均匀面片尺寸的图钉型电磁带隙结构只能实现一个表面波带隙,而将不同参数的图钉型电磁带隙结构级联可以实现多个或宽带的表面波带隙。利用不同金属面片尺寸的图钉型电磁带隙结构级联的方法实现双带的表面波带隙。设计两种均匀的电磁带隙结构,使其带隙范围分别覆盖天线的两个工作频带,然后将这两种结构级联起来,加载于两个缝隙天线单元之间。仿真分析和实验结果表明,级联型的电磁带隙结构可以有效抑制表面波,在两个频率带内同时减小互耦。     

同轴线直馈的T2模四臂螺旋全向圆极化天线

基于T2模四臂螺旋,提出一种新型的全向圆极化天线。T2模全向圆极化天线无需采用复杂的馈电网络,而采用同轴线直接馈电,即同轴电缆的内、外导体依次交替馈电至天线的四个螺旋臂,巧妙实现了T2模四臂螺旋的馈电相位要求(0°-180°-0°-180°);为了提高天线的辐射效率,螺旋线采用线宽捷变技术(即螺旋臂的前面部分窄、后面部分宽);为了保持天线的圆极化特性,螺旋线末端加载吸收导线。对天线进行了仿真和测试,两者结果吻合好,天线的实测增益为10.5dBi、轴比为1.3dB,水平圆度为2.3dB。     

变形螺旋天线的自动设计

 利用优化算法进行天线的自动设计是现代天线研究的一个重要趋势。采用NEC(Numerical Electromagnetics Code)天线数值计算程序和遗传算法，结合并行计算技术，实现了对螺旋天线的自动设计。在轴向模辐射，螺旋轴长80cm内和频率为600MHz的条件下，设计了增益高达12.68dB的均匀螺旋天线，比传统设计方法高3.28dB；在400～800MHz的频带内，对变形螺旋天线之一的锥削螺旋天线做了高增益设计，平均增益达12.28dB；对锥削螺旋-圆锥喇叭天线进行了优化设计，得到了比普通螺旋天线更佳的辐射性能。这些设计结果都是传统天线设计方法难以完成的，表明自动设计具有比传统天线设计方法更大的灵活性和更强的设计能力。     

基于TEM喇叭的电磁脉冲辐射天线优化设计

针对TEM喇叭天线终端反射大、低频辐射效率低的问题,对其进行了仿真优化设计。采用时域分析方法,分析了端部加载电阻与背部加载电阻的低频补偿方法,对TEM喇叭天线的尺寸、极板顶角等结构参数进行了优化,采用末端卷边结构,提升了辐射场的峰值场强与脉宽。根据仿真优化结果,研制了长度2.5 m、天线极板间张角45°、天线极板顶角45°的TEM喇叭天线,通过实测验证了仿真结果。结果表明,加载电阻可以有效降低反射,背部加载电阻方式的峰值场强和脉宽比端部加载电阻高,且采用4个电阻并联加载的效果较好;适当增加天线长度、极板顶角以及极板间夹角可以提高天线辐射性能。该研究结果为TEM喇叭天线在辐射式核电磁脉冲试验系统的应用提供了参考。     

一种高功率折线栅极化转换天线罩的设计

设计了一种用于高功率径向线螺旋阵列天线的极化转换天线罩。利用三层介质层包夹双层金属折线,形成密封的埋入式折线栅结构。在实现圆极化与线极化相互转换的同时,又避免金属与空气接触,可以提高功率容量。分析了埋入式折线栅单元各参数的影响,并优化单元参数,以此构建埋入式折线栅极化转换天线罩并加载至X波段高功率径向线螺旋阵列天线,分析了天线的基本性能以及功率容量。仿真结果显示:天线匹配良好,增益和波束宽度变化很小,中心频率轴比由1.16 dB变为40 dB,圆极化波转换为线极化波效果良好;经初步分析,极化转换天线罩的功率容量为121 MW,实现了极化转换天线罩的高功率应用。     

一种基于开口谐振环的高增益端射天线设计

基于开口谐振环(split-ring resonator, SRR)奇异的电磁特性, 设计并制备了一种覆盖C和X波段的高增益SRR-Vivaldi端射天线. 采用等效分析方法对SRR结构谐振特性进行了研究, 并将其应用于传统Vivaldi天线指数渐变槽线前方, 使SRR结构形成特殊谐振能力的引向器, 将天线表面电流集中于端射方向, 在保证天线尺寸和带宽不变的前提下, 实现了天线增益的有效提升. 仿真和测试结果表明, 新型SRR-Vivaldi天线在C波段增益平均提高75.44%, xoy面和xoz面半功率波束宽度都缩减20°以上; 在X波段增益平均提高24.46%, xoz面半功率波束宽度大约缩减25°. 该结构具有低成本、设计简单、便于加工、利于共形等优点, 为端射天线提高增益和增强定向性提供了新思路.     

电磁带隙微带天线馈源阵设计

 针对阵列天线在大反射面馈电中的应用,设计一种基于电磁带隙（EBG）结构的馈源阵列。在深入研究EBG结构带隙特性的基础上,制作一个基于EBG结构的六边形7元微带天线阵,并对其性能进行了实测和分析。结果表明：EBG结构可以有效抑制天线阵元之间的互耦,改善天线匹配及圆极化特性;基于EBG结构的六边形馈源阵列较无EBG结构性能有较大提高,适用作反射面天线的焦平面馈电阵。     

加绕变升角宽频带椭圆螺旋天线

 椭圆螺旋天线的结构比传统的圆柱螺旋天线更加适合于卫星通信的终端,然而由于其圆极化特性变差而限制了其广泛应用。把改善轴向模螺旋天线辐射特性的两种方法结合起来应用于椭圆螺旋天线,提出了带有附加螺旋线的变升角轴向模椭圆螺旋天线。以一个5圈、短轴长轴之比为0.65的椭圆螺旋天线为例,用FEKO软件对其辐射特性进行了仿真。结果表明,这种方法提高了椭圆螺旋天线的方向性系数,同时具有较好的圆极化特性。在2.2~4.2 GHz频率范围内,最高增益为12.86 dB,比单绕均匀升角的椭圆螺旋天线提高了1.2 dB。     

A High Gain and Broadband C-Band Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna

A aperture-coupled patch antenna is designed with parasitic elements connecting to the rectangle ring on the bottom of antenna substrate through metal vias, which lead the current induced by patch radiator to the top surface of antenna substrate. Therefore, the effective radiation is enhanced and higher gain is achieved. The bandwidth is broadened simultaneously due to the structure of aperture-coupled patch antenna with parasitic elements. Compared to the conventional aperture-coupled patch antenna, the antenna gain increases averagely 2 dB due to the novel structure. Compared to patch antenna of electromagnetic band-gap, the dimensions of novel patch antenna greatly decreases, which can be used as element in the array antenna. Two kinds manufactured antenna are both measured in an anechoic chamber. The good agreements between numerical simulation and experimental prototype have been obtained.     

Circularly polarized unidirectional emission via a coupled plasmonic spiral antenna

In this Letter, we study the emission properties of an electric dipole emitter coupled to a plasmonic spiral structure. The plasmonic spiral structure functions as an optical antenna, coupling the electric dipole emission into circularly polarized unidirectional emission in the far field. Increasing number of turns of the spiral leads to narrower angular width of the emission pattern in the far field. For a spiral antenna with six turns, antenna directivity of 23.5 dB with a directional emission into a narrow angular cone of 4.3° can be achieved. The emitted photons carry spin that is essentially determined by the handedness of the spiral antenna. By reversing the spiral, one can switch the polarization of the emission field between left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations. The spiral antenna may be used as a nanoscale circular polarization source in single molecule sensing, single-photo sources, and integrated photonic circuits.     

Metamaterial Superstrate and Electromagnetic Band-Gap Substrate for High Directive Antenna

A high directive planar antenna made from a metamaterial superstrate and an electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) substrate has been investigated. A patch antenna surrounded with EBG structures is used as the radiation source. The CST Microwave Studio is used for the simulation. The results show that the gain of the antenna with metamaterial is 21.6 dB at the operating frequency of 14.6 GHz. Compared with the patch feed with the same aperture size but without the metamaterial superstrate, the performance of the antenna is improved obviously and the gain increases about 12.4 dB.     

About the linewidth of cyclotron resonance in band-gap graphene

The critical amplitude of circularly polarized electromagnetic wave when the hysteresis of cyclotron absorption takes place, was found for band-gap graphene. The dependence of critical amplitude on the gap value and on the relaxation time was investigated. The conditions of applicability of linear theory describing the electromagnetic response of band-gap graphene in a non-zero magnetic field were found. The power of the circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation absorbed by band-gap graphene in the presence of a magnetic field was calculated. The linewidth of cyclotron absorption was shown to be not zero even for pure band-gap graphene.     

Improving the uniformity of RF-plasma density by a humped variable-gap spiral antenna

This paper develops a humped spiral antenna of top inductively coupled plasma with variable gap. Comparing with planar spiral antennae, it investigates the performance of humped spiral antennae in the calculated electromagnetic configurations and experimental results. It finds that the humped antenna has the improved uniformity of plasma density in the radial direction and the decreased electron temperature in the top inductively coupled plasma. By experimental and theoretical analyses, the plasma performance in the case of humped antennae is considered to be the combined results of the uniform electromagnetic configurations and the depressed capacitively coupling effect.     

Investigation of patch antennas based on crossed idiosyncratic PBG structure

The method of finite difference time domain (FDTD) was used, and characteristics of the patch antenna based on drilling periodic air holes in the substrate were studied, the results indicate that the surface waves which propagate along the surface of the substrate can be suppressed by the crossed idiosyncratic PBG (photonic crystal band-gap) structure because of its effect of forbidden-band, that it can radiate most of electromagnetic waves’ energy in the substrate significantly, and that it has lower return loss (S11) compared to the conventional patch antennas, thus, a high gain is attained, its performance is improved. Due to these advantages, the use of photonic crystal patch antennas will be extended in areas such as mobile communication, satellite communication, aviation, etc.     

Compound Fresnel Zone Lens Conformal to Truncated Cone: Antenna Application

A millimeter wave antenna consisting of two Fresnel zone plate lenses, plane and conical, is examined numerically by use of the vector diffraction theory. The lenses are of Wood-Wiltse (double-dielectric) or Soret (half-open) type, and are designed for the frequency of 117 GHz. The lenses are made conformal to a truncated circular cone with a base diameter of 500 mm and a plateau diameter of 250 mm. Designs for two opening semi-angles, 45° and 75° each of them with a particular lens thickness are presented. For the angle of 90° the cone lens becomes a plane ring lens, which in combination with the plateau zone lens forms a plane lens of size equal to the cone base diameter. Illuminated by directive feeds set at a focal distance of 525 mm from the cone apex, the double-dielectric and half-open compound and plane lenses, form three pairs of Fresnel zone lens antennas, the co-polar and cross-polar radiation characteristics of which have been compared numerically. The double-dielectric lens antennas examined are about 5 dB superior in gain to the half-open lens antennas, which has a gain of approximately 45 dBi. Because all lenses are of equal transverse aperture, the corresponding lens antennas exhibit the same −3 dB beamwidth of about 0.33 degrees. The plane zone lens antenna is very thin and simple. Instead, the antenna comprising a 3-D compound Fresnel zone lens is thicker but can be made conformal to a specific surface shape and possesses more levels of design and optimization freedom.     

射频爆磁压缩发生器小型化共形天线

射频爆磁压缩发生器作为一次性电磁脉冲产生和辐射的小型化装置,其辐射天线的结构和性能是其在实用化层面亟待突破的瓶颈。针对这一问题,深入研究了射频爆磁压缩发生器产生和辐射电磁脉冲的机理,并在此基础上,提出了一种适于实际需求的射频爆磁压缩发生器小型化共形天线。此共形天线设计成爆磁压缩发生器本体的一部分,在结构方面保证了该装置的小型化和实用性。CST仿真和实物测试结果表明,此共形天线在0.5 GHz到10.3 GHz的频带上具有良好的辐射特性,在辐射性能方面同样可以满足射频爆磁压缩发生器实用性的需求。     

基于超材料角反射面的高增益高效率双圆极化Fabry-Perot天线设计

基于射线跟踪模型,提出了一种超材料角反射面结构,实现了Fabry-Perot天线增益和口径效率的提升.首先对基于超材料角反射面的Fabry-Perot天线进行了理论推导和分析.然后,设计并分析了双圆极化馈源、基于超材料角反射面的Fabry-Perot天线及其性能.最后,对所提出的Fabry-Perot天线模型进行了制造和测试.结果表明,该天线的左圆极化增益和右圆极化增益分别为21.4 d Bi和21.3 d Bi.相比馈源天线,增益分别提高了16.4 d B和16.3 d B.与传统Fabry-Perot天线相比,所提出超材料角反射面同时充当了反射面和相位校正面,实现了对Fabry-Perot天线边缘电磁波的有效调控.所设计Fabry-Perot天线工作在2.8 GHz频段,具有高增益、高口径效率和低旁瓣的优点,满足了太阳射电望远镜F107指数观测的需求.     

High gain and circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide cavity antenna array based on metasurface

Two substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna arrays based on metasurface are proposed in this paper. By rotating the metasurface element, circularly polarized and high gain antennas are achieved respectively. Firstly, multi-mode resonance theory is employed to broaden the bandwidth of the slot antenna. And then, an SIW cavity composed of 4×4 cornercut elements is added on the top of the slot antenna to achieve the circular polarization and improve the front-to-back ratio. Thirdly, the metasurface elements are sequentially rotated and a high gain antenna with 2-dBi enhancement on average in the operation band is obtained. Based on the two antenna units, two 2×2 antenna arrays are designed. The circularly polarized and high gain antenna arrays are both fabricated to verify the correctness. Furthermore, the novel wideband phase shifter is employed in the circularly polarized antenna to obtain an operating bandwidth of 38% (4.05 GHz-5.95 GHz) and AR bandwidth of 24.9% (4.4 GHz-5.65 GHz). The bandwidth of the high gain antenna can reach 42.7% (3.95 GHz-6.1 GHz) and with the gain enhancement of 2 dBi compared with that of the circularly polarized antenna. The gain remains steady in most of operating band within a variation of 1 dBi. It is remarkable that the rotating of the metasurface element has a great influence on the antenna performance, which provides a new explication for the multi-function antenna design.