煤粉低尘燃烧器热态试验研究

以液排渣旋风燃烧技术为基础的煤粉低尘燃烧器可在燃烧过程实现捕渣,为工业加热提供含尘浓度低的高温火焰,是工业加热过程实现以煤代油的先进燃烧技术。本论文介绍了新型煤粉低尘燃烧器的热态燃烧试验研究结果,该燃烧器采用端面旋流进风,煤粉和一次风在旋转气流外层送入,分级燃烧等技术。热态试验研究表明,采用上述技术的煤粉低尘燃烧器具有燃烧完全,捕渣率高,NOx排放浓度低等特点。     

粉煤燃烧的新概念——粉气分离

一、前言 近年来,我国在煤粉燃烧技术发展方面取得了丰硕的成果,陆续开发成功了多项煤粉稳定燃烧装置如钝体煤粉燃烧器、大速差同向射流直流式煤粉预燃室和火焰稳定船式直流煤粉燃烧器以及夹心风浓缩燃烧器等。这些新型燃烧器的应用,大大改善了劣质煤的燃烧过程,煤粉燃烧着火提前,火焰稳定性加强,使劣质煤的燃烧利用达到了一个新的水平。     

径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器气流湍流特性的冷态试验研究

本文利用ＩＦＡ３００型一维热膜风速仪系统对径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器单相冷态湍流流场进行了试验研究,测量了流场内不同位置瞬时速度的数值,同时测量了脉动速度均方根、湍流度、平坦因子和偏斜因子在流场内的分布,得到了新型旋流燃烧器气流湍流特性参数的分布规律,可以用于研究径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器的燃烧特性。     

高温空气煤粉直燃技术的数值模拟

本文通过数值计算的方法,对高温空气煤粉直燃燃烧器的多种运行工况进行了数值试验研究,分析了煤粉气流入口速度、煤粉浓度和高温空气速度等主要因素对煤粉气流着火的影响,模拟结果还可以反映出高温空气无油点火燃烧器内的流动、燃烧和传热情况。与试验数据的对比分析表明,数值模拟结果与试验数据趋势一致。研究结果对此燃烧器的结构及运行参数的优化提供了指导。     

大速差射流型双一次风通道通用煤粉主燃烧器

本文介绍了一种新型煤粉主燃烧器－双一次风通道通用煤粉主燃烧器。它既保留了大速差射流燃烧技术的优点，又彻底克服了燃烧器内容易局部结焦的缺点，从而由辅助燃烧器（或预燃室）发展成为主燃烧器。具有煤种适应性广，低负荷运行范围大，煤粉着火点位置可控等优点。     

齿形中心扩锥对旋流燃烧器气固流动影响的PDA试验研究

1前言旋流燃烧器依靠高温回流区做为稳定的热源，使煤粉气流及时着火并稳定燃烧，燃烧器单独组织燃烧，不互相影响，燃烧器区域的气固流动特性决定了燃烧器的性能。燃烧器的喷口结构对其气因流动特性有重要影响山。本文提出了齿形中心扩锥结构（如图l所示）。2实验方法及结果分析试验采用三维激光粒子动态分析仪（简称三维PDA），实验台系统主要由送风机、吸风机、给粉机、燃烧器模型、试验段、旋风分离器等组成，试验段为一竖直放置的筒体，直径为4800mm，燃烧器模型安装在简体上部中心位置，最外层扩口端部与筒体内壁平齐，沿射流流动方…     

高浓度煤粉火焰中煤质对最佳煤粉浓度的影响

高浓度煤粉火焰对装有浓淡燃烧器的煤粉燃烧系统的着火具有十分重要的作用。本文在一简化的燃烧系统和一配备浓淡燃烧器的1 MW切圆煤粉炉内进行了大量试验,研究了煤质对最佳煤粉浓度C_(opt)的影响规律,在该最佳煤粉浓度下燃烧系统具有最高的火焰温度及最低的飞灰含碳.试验结果表明:对于所有的高浓度煤粉火焰均存在一最佳的煤粉浓度,着火特性差的无烟煤的最佳煤粉浓度显著高于着火特性更佳的烟煤,该最佳煤粉浓度随着煤质发热量Q与挥发分V乘积的增大而降低,并存在一经验公式C_(opt)=1.069-0.051·10~(-5)·V·Q。     

水平浓淡与上下浓淡煤粉燃烧方式气固混合特性的实验研究

本文针对四角切向燃烧锅炉燃用劣质煤时的稳燃及水冷壁高温腐蚀等问题,采用ＰＤＡ测量设备,对水平浓淡及上下浓淡两种煤粉燃烧方式下的气固两相混合规律进行了实验研究。实验表明,与上下浓淡煤粉燃烧方式相比,水平浓淡煤粉燃烧方式的气固两相流动特性使燃烧器在稳燃、低ＮＯｘ排放、防结渣、防高温腐蚀等方面具有优良的性能。     

燃煤锅炉微油点火燃烧器的数值计算分析

结合煤粉锅炉微油点火燃烧器的结构特点,用数值仿真软件对圆形截面燃烧器的内部燃烧特性进行了三维流动数值模拟,计算了从燃烧器入口到炉膛的燃烧特性.分析了一次、二次燃烧室两个方向上的温度、速度分布.模拟结果表明.燃烧器一次风速度的提高对煤粉气流的着火不利,太低又会引起堵粉,同时使一次燃烧室结焦的可能性增大;微油点火燃烧器在喷口处形成了风包火的着火工况,降低了燃烧器喷口边缘温度,改善了燃烧器的工作环境.     

船形体煤粉燃烧器NO_x生成特性的研究

船形体煤粉燃烧器ＮＯ_ｘ生成特性的研究钟北京,徐旭常（清华大学煤的高效低污染燃烧国家重点实验室北京１０００８４）关键词煤粉燃烧器,“三高区”原理,ＮＯ_ｘ１前言我国电力工业的发展主要依赖于以煤为主要燃料,采用粉状燃烧方式的火力发电。１９９２年我国年产煤...     

煤粉燃烧火焰辐射光谱实验研究

针对煤粉燃烧辐射光谱问题,利用光纤光谱仪对煤粉平面火焰炉实验装置煤粉燃烧火焰辐射光谱进行了测量,详细分析了煤粉辐射光谱特征,并基于普朗克辐射传热定律,通过对光谱仪波长响应特性的标定,得到火焰绝对辐射强度随波长的分布情况,进而利用最小二乘法获得火焰温度与辐射率参数,由此提出基于煤粉燃烧火焰辐射光谱测量的火焰参数测量方法。利用该方法对不同燃烧条件下煤粉燃烧参数进行测量,开展了不同燃烧参数下煤粉火焰辐射光谱实验研究,研究结果表明：煤粉燃烧火焰辐射在200～1 100 nm波段具有较强且连续的光谱特征,基于普朗克辐射定律与最小二乘法可实现煤粉燃烧火焰温度与辐射率的测量;煤粉燃烧火焰辐射光谱在590,766,769和779 nm附近可见明显的Na和K等碱金属痕量元素原子光谱发射谱线,并且这些原子谱线的出现与火焰温度有关;随着煤粉浓度的提高,虽然燃烧温度变化不大,但由于火焰辐射率的增加,造成辐射光谱强度的大幅提升。这对锅炉煤粉燃烧优化具有重要参考价值。     

Investigating particle and volatile evolution during pulverized coal combustion using high-speed digital in-line holography

Devolatilization is an important process in pulverized coal combustion because it affects the ignition, volatile combustion, and subsequent char burning and ash formation. In this study, high-speed digital in-line holography is employed to visualize and quantify the particle and volatile evolution during pulverized coal combustion. China Shanxi bituminous coal particles sieved in the range of 105–154 µm are entrained into a flat flame burner through a central tube for the study. Time-resolved observations show the volatile ejection, accumulation, and detachment in the early stage of coal combustion. Three-dimensional imaging and automatic particle extraction algorithm allow for the size and velocity statistics of the particle and stringy volatile tail. The results demonstrate the smaller particle generation and coal particle swelling in the devolatilization. It is found that the coal particles and volatiles accelerate due to the thermal buoyancy and the volatiles move faster than the coal particles. On average, smaller particles move faster than the larger ones while some can move much slower possibly because of the fragmentation.     

A three mixture fraction flamelet model for multi-stream laminar pulverized coal combustion

A three mixture fraction flamelet model is proposed for multi-stream laminar pulverized coal combustion. The technique of coordinate transformation is utilized to map the flamelet solutions from a unit pyramid space into a unit cubic space to improve the stability of the simulation. The validity of the three mixture fraction flamelet model was assessed on different configurations, including a laminar counterflow pulverized coal/methane flame and a laminar piloted pulverized coal jet flame. The flamelet predictions were compared to the reference results of the detailed chemistry solutions. For the counterflow flame, it was found that the flame temperature and major species mass fractions are correctly predicted by the three mixture fraction flamelet model. However, discrepancies are observed for combustion-mode-sensitive species such as CO and H₂ in the premixed combustion region. The thermo-chemical quantities in the char surface reaction zone cannot be correctly predicted if the mixing between the char off-gas stream and other streams is neglected. For the piloted jet flame, it was shown that the stable thermo-chemical variables can be correctly predicted at the upper and middle stream locations. However, at the downstream location, discrepancies can be observed in certain regions. Overall, the validity of the three mixture fraction flamelet model for multi-stream pulverized coal combustion is confirmed and its performance in turbulent pulverized coal combustion will be tested in future work.     

Effect of ammonia/oxygen/nitrogen equivalence ratio on spherical turbulent flame propagation of pulverized coal/ammonia co-combustion

Because ammonia is one of the most promising candidates for energy carrier in the future, various applications of ammonia as a fuel are currently considered. One medium for utilizing ammonia is by introducing it to coal-fired boilers. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to report the fundamental mechanism of the flame propagation phenomenon for pulverized coal/ammonia co-combustion. The effects of the equivalence ratio of the ammonia-oxidizer mixture on the flame propagation velocity of pulverized coal/ammonia co-combustion in turbulent fields were clarified by the experiments employing a unique fan-stirred constant volume chamber. The flame propagation velocities of pulverized coal/ammonia co-combustion, pure ammonia combustion, and pure pulverized coal combustion were compared. As expected, the flame propagation velocity of pulverized coal/ammonia was higher than that of the pure pulverized coal combustion for all conditions. However, the comparison of the flame propagation velocities of pulverized coal/ammonia co-combustion and that of the pure ammonia combustion, revealed that whether the flame propagation of the pulverized coal/ammonia was higher than that of the pure ammonia combustion was dependent on the equivalence ratio of the ammonia-oxidizer. This unique feature was explained by a mechanism including three competing effects proposed by the authors. In the ammonia lean condition, the positive effects, which are the strong radiation from the luminous flame and the increment of local equivalence ratio by the addition of volatile matter, are larger than the negative effect, which is the heat absorption by coal particles in preheat zone. In the ammonia rich condition, the effect of an increment of the local equivalence ratio by the addition of volatile matter turns into a negative effect. Consequently, the negative effects overcome the positive effect in the ammonia rich condition resulting in a lower flame propagation velocity of pulverized coal/ammonia co-combustion.     

Spherical turbulent flame propagation of pulverized coal particle clouds in an O2/N2 atmosphere

The present study aims to clarify the effects of turbulence intensity and coal concentration on the spherical turbulent flame propagation of a pulverized coal particle cloud. A unique experimental apparatus was developed in which coal particles can be dispersed homogeneously in a turbulent flow field generated by two fans. Experiments on spherical turbulent flame propagation of pulverized coal particle clouds in a constant volume spherical chamber in various turbulence intensities and coal concentrations were conducted. A common bituminous coal was used in the present study. The flame propagation velocity was obtained from an analysis of flame propagation images taken using a high-speed camera. It was found that the flame propagation velocity increased with increasing flame radius. The flame propagation velocity increases as the turbulence intensity increases. Similar trends were observed in spherical flames using gaseous fuel. The coal concentration has a weak effect on the flame propagation velocity, which is unique to pulverized coal combustions in a turbulent field. These are the first reports of experimental results for the spherical turbulent flame propagation behavior of pulverized coal particle clouds. The results obtained in the present study are obviously different from those of previous pulverized coal combustion studies and any other results of gaseous fuel combustion research.     

Soot formation characteristics in a lab-scale turbulent pulverized coal flame with simultaneous planar measurements of laser induced incandescence of soot and Mie scattering of pulverized coal

Soot formation characteristics of a lab-scale pulverized coal flame were investigated by performing carefully controlled laser diagnostics. The spatial distributions of soot volume fraction and the pulverized coal particles were measured simultaneously by laser induced incandescence (LII) and Mie scattering imaging, respectively. In addition, the radial distributions of the soot volume fraction were compared with the OH radical fluorescence, gas temperature and oxygen concentration obtained in our previous studies [1], [2]. The results indicated that the laser pulse fluence used for LII measurement should be carefully controlled to measure the soot volume fraction in pulverized coal flames. To precisely measure the soot volume fraction in pulverized coal flames using LII, it is necessary to adjust the laser pulse fluence so that it is sufficiently high to heat up all the soot particles to the sublimation temperature but also sufficiently low to avoid including a too large of a change in the morphology of the soot particles and the superposition of the LII signal from the pulverized coal particles on that from the soot particles. It was also found that the radial position of the peak LII signal intensity was located between the positions of the peak Mie scattering signal intensity and peak OH radical signal intensity. The region, in which LII signal, OH radical fluorescence and Mie scattering coexisted, expanded with increasing height above the burner port. It was also found that the soot formation in pulverized coal flames was enhanced at locations where the conditions of high temperature, low oxygen concentration and the existence of pulverized coal particles were satisfied simultaneously.