燃煤锅炉微油点火燃烧器的数值计算分析

结合煤粉锅炉微油点火燃烧器的结构特点,用数值仿真软件对圆形截面燃烧器的内部燃烧特性进行了三维流动数值模拟,计算了从燃烧器入口到炉膛的燃烧特性.分析了一次、二次燃烧室两个方向上的温度、速度分布.模拟结果表明.燃烧器一次风速度的提高对煤粉气流的着火不利,太低又会引起堵粉,同时使一次燃烧室结焦的可能性增大;微油点火燃烧器在喷口处形成了风包火的着火工况,降低了燃烧器喷口边缘温度,改善了燃烧器的工作环境.     

煤粉低尘燃烧器热态试验研究

以液排渣旋风燃烧技术为基础的煤粉低尘燃烧器可在燃烧过程实现捕渣,为工业加热提供含尘浓度低的高温火焰,是工业加热过程实现以煤代油的先进燃烧技术。本论文介绍了新型煤粉低尘燃烧器的热态燃烧试验研究结果,该燃烧器采用端面旋流进风,煤粉和一次风在旋转气流外层送入,分级燃烧等技术。热态试验研究表明,采用上述技术的煤粉低尘燃烧器具有燃烧完全,捕渣率高,NOx排放浓度低等特点。     

径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器气流湍流特性的冷态试验研究

本文利用ＩＦＡ３００型一维热膜风速仪系统对径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器单相冷态湍流流场进行了试验研究,测量了流场内不同位置瞬时速度的数值,同时测量了脉动速度均方根、湍流度、平坦因子和偏斜因子在流场内的分布,得到了新型旋流燃烧器气流湍流特性参数的分布规律,可以用于研究径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器的燃烧特性。     

660 MW超临界W火焰锅炉低负荷稳燃特性研究

“碳中和”、“碳达峰”的提出预示着未来煤电机组将在更低的负荷运行,用于燃烧无烟煤、贫煤等低挥发份煤种的W火焰锅炉低负荷运行时会出现燃烧稳定性问题。以某660 MW超临界W型火焰锅炉为对象开展了针对低负荷稳燃特性的研究,进行了100%、60%、55%、45%THA工况的试验研究与数值模拟解析,35%THA工况理论预报。结果表明由于炉膛温度降低、煤粉变细、煤粉浓度降低的综合影响,负荷对煤粉颗粒的着火距离影响不大;低负荷工况下投运两侧燃烧器、减少乏气风的射入量有利于提高燃烧稳定性;通过数值模拟可知35%THA工况无法保持炉内高温火焰稳定燃烧,模拟预报锅炉会熄火。     

堵塞和煤粉浓缩器对旋流两相流动影响的研究

旋流煤粉燃烧器加进口堵塞和煤粉浓缩器可以影响湍流,燃烧温度以及煤粉浓度的分布,从而影响NO的生成与排放。本文用三维相位多普勒颗粒测速仪(PDPA)测量和双流体模型数值模拟研究了堵塞和煤粉浓缩器对旋流煤粉燃烧器内两相流动的影响。实验结果和数值模拟结果基本符合。实验和模拟结果都表明,无论是进口堵塞还是煤粉浓缩器都会增加旋流燃烧器的进口湍流度,同时增加进口轴线附近的颗粒浓度,后者将有利于降低NO排放。     

3MW_(th)富氧燃烧煤粉锅炉的数值模拟研究

以国内首台3 MW_(th)富氧燃烧煤粉锅炉为研究对象,借助CFD软件对煤粉空气燃烧和富氧燃烧工况进行数值模拟研究。通过与实验结果对比发现,模拟得到的炉膛温度分布、换热量以及出口组分与实验测量结果吻合,这表明本文使用改进的辐射特性模型以及4步化学反应机理能够很好地预测炉内温度、传热以及烟气组分分布。通过模拟研究,对比分析了空气燃烧与富氧燃烧的炉内特性。研究结果表明:富氧燃烧时,CO_2的显著增加使得燃烧器区域出现高浓度CO;富氧燃烧的整体温度分布与空气燃烧相似,但峰值温度有较大的降低;炉内辐射传热较空气燃烧略有下降。     

四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内空气动力场的数值研究

1前言四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉是目前应用较为广泛的一种炉型，在实际运行中有一些较为突出的优点。为深入研究煤粉在炉内的燃烧特性，炉内空气动力场的研究至关重要，本文数值模拟了四角切向燃烧煤粉锅炉炉内冷、热态情况下的流场，对其时均、湍流特性进行了分析，对气流的分布特性进行了研究．2研究对象本文的研究对象是锦州电厂二期工程的HG－670／14ty9型煤粉锅炉，燃烧器为多层四角切向布置，每角有4个一次风喷口，6个二次风喷口，1个三次风喷口。锅炉各部分尺寸及燃烧器的布置见图1、图2。热态流场的模拟对象是实际锅炉。模拟工况基本按…     

花瓣燃烧器低负荷运行理论与应用的研究

本文应用贴体坐标结构化网格对复杂曲面的花瓣燃烧器进行了三维(360°)煤粉燃烧的数值模拟.给出了在75%BMCR和55%BMCR工况下花瓣燃烧器的流场和浓度场,重点分析了花瓣燃烧器的稳燃原理和特性.计算结果表明,在花瓣稳燃器的作用下,煤粉气流进入炉内能立即在瓣后的径向回流区内着火燃烧,并在此区域形成稳定的"值班火焰",为整个风粉气流的着火燃烧提供稳定的热量来源.有利于低挥发分煤在广泛负荷范围内的稳定着火和完全燃烧.     

带回流的湍流分离流场中煤粉气流燃烧的数值模拟

近年来,在我们所研制的煤粉钝体燃烧器上钝体稳燃的原理得到了有效的应用,并取得了明显的经济效益。有关煤粉燃烧过程的数值计算工作,国外文献已有所报道。而对钝体后煤粉气流的流动、辐射和燃烧过程进行全面模拟,还颇为鲜见,国内几乎未见任何报道。     

蜂巢蓄热体传热性能的数值研究

蜂巢蓄热体是高温空气燃烧技术的关键部件．为加速这项新型燃烧技术在我国的国产化进程,本文对蓄热体内的传热过程进行了深入研究．首先,用数值计算的方法得出了蓄热体内的温度和速度分布,模拟了蓄热过程和放热过程的烟气和空气温度的变化情况．此后,进一步研究了气流速度和材料比热对蓄热体性能的影响．     

旋流非预混燃烧火焰流动特性的实验研究

利用粒子图像速度场测量技术(PIV)对不同工况下的旋流非预混燃烧流场进行了测量,考察不同燃空速度比下旋流火焰的流动特性.结果表明,轴向截面上径向平均速度流场以燃烧器轴线呈中心对称,轴向平均速度、轴向脉动速度和径向脉动速度沿燃烧器轴线成对称分布,且轴向平均速度和轴向脉动速度的最大值出现在轴线处.随燃空速度比的增大,轴向平均速度和脉动速度增大,随着与燃烧器表面的距离增加,流场截面上轴向平均速度和脉动速度差异不断减小.     

水泥回转窑内NO生成及其分布规律研究

本文在气固流动、煤粉燃烧和NO生成数学模型的基础上,对水泥回转窑内物料烧成过程的物理化学反应热效应采用分区段拟合的方法,建立了一套描述水泥回转窑窑内过程的数学模型。并对某3000吨／天生产能力的带四通道燃烧器的水泥回转窑进行了数值模拟,得到了回转窑内气体速度场、气体温度和组分浓度沿窑长的变化规律,对窑内NO生成进行了深入研究。研究结果表明:水泥回转窑内NO生成按机理可分为热力型NO和燃料型NO,由于窑内存在着高温、富氧环境,热力型NO为主要生成方式;热力型NO和燃料型NO生成过程存在着相互抑制作用。     

湿空气扩散燃烧火焰结构特性研究

利用二维粒子成像速度仪(PIV)对钝体燃烧器中的甲烷／湿空气扩散燃烧的速度场进行测量,考察其火焰的结构特性及其内部流动状况。通过对湿空气燃烧流场与普通燃烧流场的对比分析表明,湿空气燃烧情况下,两种燃烧状态的火焰(回流燃烧火焰和中心射流主导火焰)相互转换的燃空速度比(γ)值要比普通燃烧的小;湿空气燃烧使得喷嘴后的同流空气的速度降低,空气的回流作用减弱,燃料更容易冲出回流区,火焰的稳定性能变差。     

Vortex structures and temperature fluctuations in a bluff-body burner

Vortical and thermal structures of non-premixed propane flame in a bluff-body burner are studied experimentally in the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. In particular, we focus attention on the effect of annular air flow on the flame. The small-scale inner vortices inside the flame is stimulated by the annular air flow, and outside the flame, small eddies due to turbulence rather than the large-scale outer vortices due to thermal buoyancy become dominant with increasing air velocity. The interrelation between the vortical and thermal structures is analyzed by looking at the frequency spectrum and probability density function of temperature fluctuations.     

微尺度扩散火焰特性的数值解析

本文以均匀空气流中圆管形成的甲烷射流扩散火焰为对象,用数值解析的方法研究了微尺度扩散火焰的火焰结构和燃烧特性。燃烧反应采用甲烷/空气一步总包反应,喷管壁面采用绝热条件。在Re一定情况下,改变喷口尺寸和喷口流速考察了微扩散火焰的结构和火焰熄灭的尺度效应。数值结果表明,随着喷口直径的增大,微火焰的上方出现回流; Re=12条件下,在喷口直径=0.07 mm时存在熄灭极限;稳定燃烧区的最小发热率约为0.5 W;微尺度条件下,Da数对火焰结构和火焰的熄灭有一定的影响。     

3D imaging of evaporating fuel droplets by stereoscopic PIV

A gun-type burner is a widely used oil burner for industrial and domestic applications. The oil is pressure-atomized and mixed with air generating a recirculating, swirling flow. Because of the surrounding flame, fuel droplets evaporate, being difficult to obtain information on droplets’ dynamics. Several laser techniques have been applied to this burner for spray diagnosis. PDA provides information about droplet size and velocity but can say little about the instantaneous spatial structures in the flow. Planar laser techniques as PIV can describe the 2D instantaneous spatial structures, but cannot provide information about the 3D structures in the flow. Then Stereoscopic PIV was applied. This technique allows us to measure the full 3D velocity vector map in a whole fluid plane. This paper has a double purpose. Firstly, to visualize the 3D structures which are present in the burner; secondly, to show that Stereoscopic PIV is an applicable technique for the diagnosis of an evaporating spray.     

Characteristics and structure of inverse flames of natural gas

Characteristics and structure of nominally non-premixed flames of natural gas are investigated using a burner that employs simultaneously two distinct features: fuel and oxidiser direct injection, and inverse fuel and oxidiser delivery. At low exit velocities, the result is an inverse diffusion flame that has been noted in the past for its low NO_x emissions, soot luminosity, and narrow stability limits. The present study aimed at extending the burner operating range, and it demonstrated that the inverse flame exhibits a varying degree of partial premixing dependent on the discharge nozzle conditions and the ratio of inner air jet and outer fuel jet velocities. These two variables affect the flame length, temperature distributions, and stability limits. Temperature measurements and Schlieren visualisation show areas of enhanced turbulent mixing in the shear region and the presence of a well-mixed reaction zone on the flame centreline. This reaction zone is enveloped by an outer diffusion flame, yielding a unique double-flame structure. As the fuel–air equivalence ratio is decreasing with an increase in the inner jet velocity, the well-mixed reaction zone extends considerably. These findings suggest a method for establishing a flame of uniform high temperature by optimising the coaxial nozzle geometry and flow conditions. The normalised flame length is decreasing exponentially with the air/fuel velocity ratio. Measurements demonstrate that the inverse flame stability limits change qualitatively with varying degree of partial premixing. At the low premixing level, the flame blow-out is a function of the inner and outer jet velocities and the nozzle conditions. The flame blow-out at high degree of partial premixing occurs abruptly at a single value of the inner air jet velocity, regardless of the fuel jet velocity and almost independent of the discharge nozzle conditions.     

Stability characteristics and flowfields of turbulent non-premixed swirling flames

A simple, yet representative, burner geometry is used for the investigation of highly swirling turbulent unconfined, non-premixed, flames of natural gas. The burner configuration comprises a ceramic faced bluff-body with a central fuel jet. The bluff-body is surrounded by an annulus that delivers a swirling primary flow of air. The entire burner assembly is housed in a wind tunnel providing a secondary co-flowing stream of air. This hybrid bluff-body/swirl burner configuration stabilizes complex turbulent flames not unlike those found in practical combustors, yet is amenable to modelling because of its well-defined boundary conditions. Full stability characteristics including blow-off limits and comprehensive maps of flame shapes are presented for swirling flames of three different fuel mixtures: compressed natural gas (CNG), CNG–air (1:2 by volume) and CNG–H₂ (1:1 by volume).

It is found that with increased fuel flow, flame blow-off mode may change with swirl number, S_g. At low swirl, the flame remains stable at the base but blows off in the neck region further downstream. At higher swirl numbers, the flames peel off completely from the burner's base. Swirling CNG–air flames are distinct in that they only undergo base blow-off. In the low range of swirl number, increasing S_g causes limited improvement in the blow-off limits of the flames investigated and (for a few cases) can even lead to some deterioration over a small intermediate range of S_g. It is only above a certain threshold of swirl that significant improvements in blow-off limits appear. Six flames are selected for further detailed flowfield and composition measurements and these differ in the combination of swirl number, primary axial velocity through the annulus, U_s, and bulk fuel jet velocity, U_j. Only velocity field measurements are presented in this paper. A number of flow features are resolved in these flames, which resemble those already associated with non-reacting swirling flows of equivalent swirl obtained with the present burner configuration. Additionally, asymmetric flowfields inherent to some flames are revealed where the fluidic centreline of the flow (defined in the two-dimensional (U–W velocity pair) velocity field by the ?ω? = 0 tangential velocity contour), meanders strongly on either side of the geometric centreline downstream by about one bluff-body diameter. Flow structures revealed by the velocity data are correlated to flame shapes to yield a better understanding of how the velocity field influences the flames physical characteristics.     

液排渣粉煤旋风燃烧器内流场的数值模拟

本文采用数值计算的方法对液排渣粉煤旋风燃烧器内的流场进行了模拟。在研究中运用分散颗粒群模型建立了燃烧器内三维等温流场的数学模型。流场的计算采用了ＳＩＭＰＬＥ及其系列方法，其中湍流计算采用ｋ－ε模型。模型计算结果与实验结果基本吻合，证明了模型的可靠性。