类氖锗X射线激光光学特性研究

本工作测量了类氖锗3s-3p X射线激光的23.2nm和23.6nm两条强激光跃迁线水平方向和垂直方向的空间分布,当靶长20mm时,X射线激光水平方向束发散角约为12mrad,主束指向偏离线状等离子体轴线约8mrad;垂直方向束发散角约为22mrad,本工作还采用钼/硅多层膜平面反射镜,对X射线激光进行正反射,获得了X射线激光双程放大的光学特性。 关键词：     

类氖锗的X射线激光增益及其传输特性研究

在神光(10¹²W)装置上,用1.06μm激光加热片状锗靶,用袖珍式掠入射光栅谱仪测量了类氖锗离子的3S—3P激光跃迁线的增益系数和X射线激光的传输特性,得到的结果为:波长为19.638,23.224,23.627,24.743和28.643nm的5条激光跃迁线的增益系数分别为3.06,3.99,3.72,2.36和4.59cm^-1;当等离子体长度为18mm时,相应的X射线激光的发散角约为12mrad,发射X射线激光的等离子体厚度约为200μm,X射线激光峰值强 关键词：     

类锂硅离子软X射线激光的空间特性

本文报道类锂硅离子软X射线激光的空间分布特性,研究表明软X射线激光的最佳增益在离靶面约300μm的中等等离子体密度区,而临近靶面的高密度区增益则较小.     

“多靶串接”饱和增益软X光激光实验研究

采用“多靶串接”设计,利用强度为0.8×10~(13)～1.0×10~(13)W/cm~2,波长为1.05μm,脉宽约1ns的两路钕玻璃激光线聚焦辐照四块串接的平面厚锗靶,观察到波长为23.2和23.6nm的接近饱和的类Ne锗软X光激光输出。当总靶长为5.6cm时,这两种波长的软X光激光输出的GL值都达到16左右,沿靶法线和靶平面方向的发散角都只有3～4mrad。     

钛空腔靶高强度keV X射线源的实验研究

利用神光-Ⅲ原型激光装置实验研究了8束ns激光脉冲从一端注入钛空腔靶产生的keV X射线源的辐射特征,发现keV X射线主要产生于腔轴附近;钛空腔靶内径过大时keV X射线能流的峰值强度较低,内径过小时keV X射线能流的持续时间较短。为了在4π空间内使钛空腔靶获得最大的X射线(4~7keV能段)转换效率,腔内径的最优值在1000~1300μm附近,此时的keV X射线转换效率为4.7%,是相同激光参数下钛平面靶的2倍左右。激光单端注入有底部钛膜和无底部钛膜的空腔靶对比实验显示,底膜能够增强keV X射线的发射。     

复合X射线激光空间特性的研究

本文研究了类锂硅离子和类钠铜离子两种复合X射线激光的增益空间分布,结果表明复合X射线激光的增益出现在离靶面一定距离的中等等离子体电子密度区,而近靶面高密度区存在自吸收现象.     

软X射线条纹相机用于激光等离子体辐射温度的测量方法

本文提出了软X射线条纹相机与吸收膜相耦合测量等离子体温度的实验原理与方法,编制了数值计算程序SCC,给出了平面金靶在1.06μm激光(LF—II~=激光装置)作用下,靶面功率密度约10~(14)W/cm~2的辐射温度。并对温度处理中存在的误差,以及把此方法推广到能谱的时间分辨和温度的空间分辨测量中的可能性进行了讨论。     

激光柱形腔靶的X射线温度和X射线转换效率

本文根据实验和数值模拟给出的信息,解析研究激光加热柱形腔靶(简称“腔靶”)X射线温度与激光转换的X射线能之间的定标规律,推断了1989年在神光激光器上做的系列腔靶实验,对于每束激光能量为300—500J,脉冲宽度为0.7—1.0ns,波长λ为1.06μm的高斯型激光源,双束靶的X射线转换效率约为(50—55)%,X射线温度为(1.5—1.7)×10⁶K。 关键词：     

利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的研究

提出了一种利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的物理方案.利用自相似方法研究了不同脉冲前沿的单飞秒激光辐照钛平板靶产生的类氖钛X射线激光等离子体的特性,得到了电子温度、电子密度和定标长度三者的定标律,讨论了给定输入参数下各定标律曲线的特性.研究表明,利用单个飞秒激光能够实现X射线激光的产生,而且脉冲前沿强度随时间增长平缓的飞秒激光有利于驱动X射线激光.本研究为实验上实现单飞秒激光脉冲驱动X射线激光提供了一种新的方案.     

软X射线激光偏折法测量激光等离子体电子密度分布

利用脉宽约为50ps的类镍银139nm软X射线激光作为探针,探测由脉宽80ps的驱动激光打C8H8靶产生的等离子体在1ns后的电子密度分布信息,获得了清晰的莫尔条纹图像.对结果的处理,给出了峰值电子密度为11×1021cm-3,并对在靶面附近莫尔条纹的消失现象作了初步解释 关键词： 软X射线激光探针 莫尔条纹 等离子体电子密度     

短脉冲强X光泵浦产生光电离三体复合X光激光

 介绍了激光打靶产生短脉冲强X光辐射的方法,给出了打钠靶的数值模拟结果。 数值研究短脉冲强钠X光泵浦氖激光介质的X光激光,通过在氖中加氢的办法降低了电子温 度,有效地提高了激光增益。研究了短脉冲强X光泵浦的高增益光电离三体复合X光激光机 制,提出了在大中型激光器上开展这种X光激光研究的想法。     

双狭缝透射光栅软X光时空分辨谱仪

 利用双狭缝、透射光栅配亚仟X光条纹相机做了具有一维空间、时间和能谱分辨的三维软X光测量仪器(双狭缝透射光栅软X光时空分辨谱仪), 并成功地获得了金盘靶的N带X光(中心波长1.7nm)时空分辨图象 。该仪器空间分辨可达23μm, 时间分辨可达003ns, 能谱分辨(当源大小为100～300μm时对波长1.7nm的X光)可达0.4～ 0.7nm, 只需稍加改动, 即可用于其它波段的X光测量。     

微毛细管激光等离子体X光源

利用脉宽为４５ｆｓ的超短脉冲强激光系统,进行了强激光与微毛细管相互作用的初步实验研究。     

Role of the wall ablation in the operation of a 46.9 nmAr capillary discharge soft x‐ray laser

A capillary discharge pumped soft x‐ray laser operating at 46.9 nm on the 3p–3s transition of the Ne‐like Ar has been realized by pumping the active medium with a relatively slow current pulse (dI/dt ≈ 6 · 10¹¹ A/s). In order to study the role of the ablation in the production of the laser effect, the intensity of the amplified 46.9 nm line has been investigated using the same pumping current pulses in the plastic (polyacetal) and ceramic (Al₂O₃). We showed that the ablation of the capillary walls is unfavorable both for the compression and stability of the plasma and consequently for the soft x‐ray laser production. The amplification and lasing effects are observed only in the ceramic channel. The measurements of the line intensity at 46.9 nm showed the lasing with a gain‐length product of ≈ 9, a laser pulse energy of ≈ 5 μJ, a pulse duration of 1.3 ns and a beam divergence of ≈ 3.5 mrad. In addition, effect of the scaling of the time of lasing with the initial plasma diameter was demonstrated experimentally and compared with a one‐dimensional MHD model.     

一种激光驱动的超短X射线光源

介绍一种可产生超短脉冲的新型Ｘ射线光源。它由多碱光电阴极、金靶及铍输出窗组成，当该射线管的阴极受到强光照射时，产生光电子发射，并经电场加速后轰击金靶，产生连续谱的Ｘ射线轫致辐射，经铍窗输出。用超短的可见光脉冲驱动该光源，并借助Ｘ射线扫描相机测量了该管的Ｘ射线输出，获得了５ｐｓ的Ｘ射线脉冲，这种光源可方便地用来标定Ｘ射线扫描相机的时间分辨率，此种产生超短电子脉冲的方法可在其他方面获得应用。     

Analysis of the far spatial coherent suppressed single peak field distribution of a rectangular wave-guide laser

A theory of the far spatial coherent-suppressed single-peak field distribution of a rectangular wave-guide CO₂ laser is presented. The theoretical analysis shows that a rectangular wave-guide laser can have an output intensity distribution in far field similar to that produced from a wave-guide array laser, which is in agreement with the experimental result. A single-peak mode output is obtained within 5 metres. The experimental far-field spread angle in the bigger-Fresnel number direction is 0.63 mrad, compared to the calculated one, 0.6 mrad, and when the length of the laser resonator is changed, a double-peak or multi-peak in far-field distribution of the laser is obtained.     

Collimating Montel mirror as part of a multi‐crystal analyzer system for resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering

Advances in resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) have come in lockstep with improvements in energy resolution. Currently, the best energy resolution at the Ir L₃‐edge stands at ～25 meV, which is achieved using a diced Si(844) spherical crystal analyzer. However, spherical analyzers are limited by their intrinsic reflection width. A novel analyzer system using multiple flat crystals provides a promising way to overcome this limitation. For the present design, an energy resolution at or below 10 meV was selected. Recognizing that the angular acceptance of flat crystals is severely limited, a collimating element is essential to achieve the necessary solid‐angle acceptance. For this purpose, a laterally graded, parabolic, multilayer Montel mirror was designed for use at the Ir L₃‐absorption edge. It provides an acceptance larger than 10 mrad, collimating the reflected X‐ray beam to smaller than 100 µrad, in both vertical and horizontal directions. The performance of this mirror was studied at beamline 27‐ID at the Advanced Photon Source. X‐rays from a diamond (111) monochromator illuminated a scattering source of diameter 5 µm, generating an incident beam on the mirror with a well determined divergence of 40 mrad. A flat Si(111) crystal after the mirror served as the divergence analyzer. From X‐ray measurements, ray‐tracing simulations and optical metrology results, it was established that the Montel mirror satisfied the specifications of angular acceptance and collimation quality necessary for a high‐resolution RIXS multi‐crystal analyzer system.     

Implementation of ultrafast X‐ray diffraction at the 1W2B wiggler beamline of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

The implementation of a laser pump/X‐ray probe scheme for performing picosecond‐resolution X‐ray diffraction at the 1W2B wiggler beamline at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility is reported. With the hybrid fill pattern in top‐up mode, a pixel array X‐ray detector was optimized to gate out the signal from the singlet bunch with interval 85 ns from the bunch train. The singlet pulse intensity is ～2.5 × 10⁶ photons pulse^?1 at 10 keV. The laser pulse is synchronized to this singlet bunch at a 1 kHz repetition rate. A polycapillary X‐ray lens was used for secondary focusing to obtain a 72 µm (FWHM) X‐ray spot. Transient photo‐induced strain in BiFeO₃ film was observed at a ～150 ps time resolution for demonstration.     

0．53μm激光与等离子体相互作用实验研究

利用神光－Ⅰ激光装置的南路光束经ＫＤＰ晶体倍频后的０．５３μｍ激光与金盘靶相互作用，重点研究了吸收、Ｘ光转换、ＳＲＳ、超热电子和离子发射行为。结果表明，采用短波长激光，吸收和Ｘ－光转换率明显提高。     

数字重现无透镜傅里叶变换X射线全息的实验模拟研究

参照无透镜傅里叶变换（ＬＬＦＴ）Ｘ射线全息图的记录光路，采用可见光源模拟研究了无透镜傅里叶变换Ｘ射线全息从记录到数字重现的全过程，给出了实验结果，并对光学重现和数字重现结果作了比较，分析了该记录方式存在的一些问题，指出实际Ｘ射线全息记录中可直接使用波带板＋１级衍射而不必在物面加一滤波小孔。分析了利用数字重现消除记录过程中非线性效应的可行性。并着重指出波带板的多级衍射的互干涉对重现象的干扰，应设法消除。