CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂脱硝性能研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂颗粒.分析表明:SO2的存在可以提高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂的脱硝活性,SO2存在条件下,CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂的脱硝活性在载铜量8wt%时达到最高,达到95.7%.载铜量太高会使单位质量催化剂NO脱除率降低.在350℃时,硫酸盐化和未硫酸盐化的8wt%Cu催化吸附剂NO脱除率达到最高.NH3/NO摩尔比在1～1.2之间时,CuO/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂的脱硝活性较高.     

助剂对Pd/γ-Al2 O3催化剂上NO选择催化还原的影响

研究了含氧条件下钯催化剂上进行丙烯选择催化还原NO的反应,考察浸渍法制备的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中加入碱（土）金属或稀土氧化物助剂对NO转化率的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征及在氧化气氛中饱和吸附NO后的TPD研究。结果表明,助剂CeO2、Li2O能较大幅度提高催化剂的的低温活性,使NO的最高转化率增加1-3.5倍。Pd/CeO2-Al2O3、Pd/LiO2-Al2O3催化剂有较高的Pd分散度及较强的NO解离吸附能力。并讨论了NO、N2O、NO2^-和NO3^-等吸附态物种在催化剂表面的形成及脱附特性对催化剂选择催化还原NO性能的影响。     

CuO-CeO2-MnOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂选择性催化脱除NO机理研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备CuO-CeO2-MnOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂颗粒,在固定床上测试其催化脱硝活性.CuO-CeO2-MnOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂在200～450℃范围内脱硝效率保持在70%以上.利用程序升温方法研究了催化剂对NH3的氧化性能,活性组分负载量增多,加强了催化剂对NH3氧化性能.红外表征显示NH3被吸附在催化剂的L酸位和B酸位.NO以多种硝酸盐物种在催化剂表面吸附.吸附态NH3参与SCR反应,但吸附态NO物种仅部分参加SCR反应.     

磁载光催化剂ZnO/ SiO2/γ-Fe2O3的光催化性能

本文采用液相沉积法制备出了纳米SiO2/γ-Fe2O3复合粒子,在其表面负载ZnO, 从而得到了易于磁性固液分离的磁载光催化剂ZnO/SiO2/γ-Fe2O3, 并通过XRD和TEM等测试技术对样品进行了表征。以可溶性染料亚甲基兰等为降解对象, 研究了磁载光催化剂ZnO/SiO2/γ-Fe2O3在紫外光下的光催化活性。结果表明, 在γ-Fe2O3和ZnO之间包覆一层无定形SiO2可使催化剂降佳率由20.76%提高到95.63%,并且该磁载光催化剂对染料有较好的降解效果, 在三次循环使用后仍能保持较好的光催化性能.     

镍钒复合光催化剂的光谱特征及其光催化性能

以SiO2、活性炭(AC)和Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni-V-O系负载光催化剂.考察了样品的光谱特征,并在紫外光下评价了样品在甲醇和CO2光催化反应巾的性能;通过吡啶吸附FIIR和UV-Vis分析,结合反应测试结果,比较了催化剂载体对产物选择件的影响.XRD结果表明,在系列催化剂中,SiO2载体上的镍、钒粒子分散程度最高.吡啶吸附FIIR结果显示,系列催化剂表面存在L酸中心;相同的活性组分由于载体不同,所得到的负载催化剂表面酸度不同.负载催化剂表面L酸强度顺序为:Ni-V-O/SiO2>Ni-V-O/Al2O3>Ni-V-O/AC.不同酸度的催化剂,其上的羰基化产物甲酸甲酯(MF)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的选择性也不同.催化剂的表面酸强度是影响羰基产物选择性的主要因素.     

Er3+掺杂SiO2复合的Al2O3粉末结构及光致发光特性

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)工艺制备0.1 mol% Er3+掺杂Al2O3体系和SiO2-Al2O3复合体系粉末. 实验结果表明:5 mol%的SiO2复合加入Al2O3抑制γ→θ和θ→α相转变. 掺0.1 mol%Er3+:Al2O3体系粉末,900℃烧结,在1.47-1.63 μm波段内光致发光(PL)谱为中心波长1.53 μm、半高宽56 nm的单一宽峰,1000-1200℃烧结,劈裂为多峰PL谱. 掺0.1 mol%Er3+:SiO2-Al2O3复合体系粉末,在高达1200℃烧结,仍保持中心波长1.53 μm的单一宽峰PL谱,由于-OH更完全的脱除,PL强度较900℃烧结Al2O3体系,SiO2-Al2O3复合体系均提高1个数量级.     

新型水溶性配体-负载金属氢甲酰化催化剂:TPPTS-Rh/SiO2

考察了几种硅胶负载贵金属催化剂和HRhCO(TPP) 3 催化剂的 1 己烯氢甲酰化反应 ,对Rh/SiO2 、HRhCO(TPPTS) 3 /SiO2 和TPPTS Rh/SiO2 上的 1 己烯氢甲酰化结果进行了比较 .结果表明 ,TPPTS Rh/SiO2 催化剂的醛的选择性和醛的正异比n/b接近HRhCO(TPPTS) 3 /SiO2 的相应的催化性能 ,而远高于Rh/SiO2 的相应的催化性能 ,7.0MPa高压下TPPTS Rh/SiO2 催化剂的活性大幅度增加 ,达到 0 .0 6 92S-1.实验排除了其他可能 ,认为是含有孤对电子的TPPTS和Rh/SiO2 中高度分散的Rh粒子产生了化学键的作用 ,形成了具有匀相性能的支撑水膜多相催化剂 :TPPTS Rh/SiO2 .     

γ-Al2O3高温相变的XRD和Raman光谱比较研究

采用XRD和Raman光谱研究了γ-Al2O3的高温相变.Raman结果表明,位于1 175,1 241 cm-1和1 370,1 400 cm-1的2组谱峰是杂质Fe3 和(或)Cr3 在θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3环境中产生的荧光光谱,用这2组峰来指认θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3物相比XRD更灵敏.因此,Raman技术能高灵敏地表征γ-Al2O3的高温相变过程.结果表明γ-Al2O3从800 ℃开始发生相变,γ-Al2O3同时向θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3转变,随着温度的升高最终完全转变成α-Al2O3.相变温度与样品本身有关.     

FT-IR与微量吸附量热联用研究BaO/Al_2O_3催化剂表面酸碱性质

运用红外光谱与微量吸附量热联用技术研究了焙烧温度对BaO/γ-Al2O3表面酸碱性的影响。结果表明,γ-Al2O3经1000℃焙烧转化为θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3,BaOγ-Al2O3经高温焙烧后生成BaO·Al2O3和BaO·6Al2O3等物相。600℃焙烧后,BaO/γ-Al2O3的表面酸性比γ-Al2O3的稍有下降,而碱性却大为增强。经1000℃焙烧后,表面的酸碱性则均大为降低,只有少量较弱的酸碱性位。     

High Temperature Seedless Synthesis of Au NRs Using BDAC/CTAB Co-surfactant

采用等离子体活化技术制备了一种新型Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂用于CO2重整CH4反应. 等离子体强化制备的催化剂表现出较高的反应活性和较好的抗积碳能力. 为了达到相同CH4转化率,常规焙烧的催化剂需要比等离子体处理的催化剂高出50 °C 的反应温度. 反应结束后,等离子体处理催化剂的失活率仅为1.7%,而常规催化剂上的失活率为15.2%。通过对催化剂进行BET、H2-TPR、XRD、CO2-TPD和TG等表征分析,结果表明等离子体增强制备方法使催化剂的平均孔直径减小,比表面积增加;催化剂的还原性,镍物种的分散度和催化剂对CO2的吸附量都有显著的提高.     

RF溅射的SiO_2和SiO_2/Al/SiO_2薄膜的喇曼散射光谱研究

用射频溅射(RF Sputtering)法制成了SiO_2和SiO_2/Al/SiO_2薄膜。应用喇曼光谱研究了薄膜结构。结果表明:RF溅射制成的SiO_2薄膜是含有大量环结构缺陷的玻璃态;SiO_2/Al/SiO_2层状薄膜的喇曼光谱中观察到Al_2O_3的特征峰,证实了Al/SiO_2薄膜界面确有氧化还原反应发生;从喇曼光谱中Al_2O_3的特性峰的位置和相对强度可推断出,SiO_2/Al/SiO_2薄膜界面处的Al_2O_3是非晶γ-Al_2O_3。     

B_2O_3—Al_2O_3—PbO玻璃组成和物化性质的研究

本文研究了在B_2O_3—Al_2O_3—PbO玻璃中引入SiO_2、Sb_2O_3、Ga_2O_3后,TF光学玻璃化学稳定性及相对部分色散P_(g·F)。论证了B_2O_3—Al_2O_3—PbO光学玻璃光学性质、化学组成和结构关系。TF光学玻璃在3.51铂坩埚熔制。     

γ-Al_2O_3高温相变的激光Raman光谱研究

通过不同波长的Raman激发光对γ-Al2O3的高温相变过程进行了研究。发现用632.8 nm激发光测得的位于1175、1241cm-1和1370、1400cm-1,对应于514.5 nm激发光时位于4808、4875cm-1和5003、5033cm-1的谱峰均是Al2O3中杂质的荧光光谱。较低波数的二个谱峰与θ-Al2O3有关,而较高波数的二个谱峰与α-Al2O3有关。随着焙烧温度升高,从800℃开始γ-Al2O3逐渐向θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3转变,θ-Al2O3的谱峰强度在1100~1200℃焙烧时最大,当温度继续升高到1250℃全部转变成α-Al2O3,并且Al2O3的相变是从表层开始的。     

A versatile sonication-assisted deposition–reduction method for preparing supported metal catalysts for catalytic applications

This work aims to develop a rapid and efficient strategy for preparing supported metal catalysts for catalytic applications. The sonication-assisted reduction–precipitation method was employed to prepare the heterogeneous mono- and bi-metallic catalysts for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) and preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO in H₂-rich gas. In general, there are three advantages for the sonication-assisted method as compared with the conventional methods, including high dispersion of metal nanoparticles on the catalyst support, the much higher deposition efficiency (DE) than those of the deposition–precipitation (DP) and co-precipitation (CP) methods, and the very fast preparation, which only lasts 10–20 s for the deposition. In the AuPd/TiO₂ catalysts series, the AuPd(3:1)/TiO₂ catalyst is the most active for MO photocatalytic degradation; while for PROX reaction, Ru/TiO₂, Au–Cu/SBA-15 and Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts are very active, and the last one showed high stability in the lifetime test. The structural characterization revealed that in the AuPd(3:1)/TiO₂ catalyst, Au–Pd alloy particles were formed and a high percentage of Au atoms was located at the surface. Therefore, this sonication-assisted method is efficient and rapid in the preparation of supported metal catalysts with obvious structural characteristics for various catalytic applications.     

微通道板离子壁垒膜及其对入射离子的阻止作用

给出了三代微光像管中微通道板离子壁垒膜对入射正离子阻止作用的描述,引进了核阻止本领、电子阻止本领和平均射程的概念。结合Tomas-Fermi屏蔽势进行了分析讨论和Monte-Carlo模拟计算,给出Al₂O₃和SiO₂薄膜对不同能量垂直入射时的核、电子阻止的定量结果。得出了Al₂O₃薄膜阻止本领比SiO₂阻止本领高的结论。证实了选用Al₂O₃离子壁垒膜的科学性和可行性。     

Effects of dipolar interactions on the magnetic hyperthermia of Zn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanoparticles with different sizes

Tumor-targeted magnetic hyperthermia has recently attracted much attention.Magnetic nanoparticles(NPs) are heat mediator nanoprobes in magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment.In this paper,single cubic spinel structural Zn_0.3Fe_2.7O₄ magnetic NPs with sizes of 14 nm-20 nm were synthesized,followed by coating with SiO₂ shell.The SLP value of Zn_0.3Fe_2.7O₄/SiO₂ NPs below 20 nm changes non-monotonically with the concentration of solution under the alternating current(AC) magnetic field of 430 kHz and 27 kA/m.SLP values of all Zn_0.3Fe_2.7O₄/SiO₂ NPs appear a peak value with change of solution concentration.The solution concentrations with optimal SLP value decrease with increasing magnetic core size.This work can give guidance to the better prediction and control of the magnetic hyperthermia performance of materials in clinical applications.     

Pd/C催化剂在乙炔选择加氢反应中的催化性能：载体效应

Pd/C catalysts were prepared by deposited Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on different carbon supports including activated carbon (AC), graphite oxide (GO), and reduced graphite oxide (rGO) using sol-immobilization method. Through transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray di raction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the role of the carbon supports for the catalytic performances of Pd/C catalysts was examined in selective hydrogenation of acetylene. The results indicate that Pd/AC exhibited higher activity and selectivity than Pd/GO and Pd/rGO in the gas phase selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Thermal and chemical treatment of AC supports also have some effect on the catalytic performance of Pd/AC catalysts. The differences in the activity and selectivity of various Pd/C catalysts were partly attributed to the metal-support interaction.     

PbO对V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂NH_3选择性催化还原NO的影响

基于铅在中国燃煤和MSW焚烧烟气中的特点,采用静态N_2物理吸附、NH_3化学吸附、程序升温表面反应、傅里叶变换红外光谱和催化剂活性评价的方法,研究了PbO对1 wt.%V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂NH_3选择性催化还原NO的影响.结果表明,PbO使SCR催化剂活性降低.对于燃煤锅炉,PbO对V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂的影响可以忽略不计;对于MSW焚烧炉,PbO是使V_2O_5/TiO_2催化剂失活的重要铅化合物.Pb覆盖在TiO_2表面上,与V活性位覆盖在TiO_2表面上的方式类似.催化剂的失活主要是由于PbO中和了催化剂表面Brφnsted酸性位的酸性,Brφnsted酸性位对于NH_3的吸附和活化起重要作用.     

Structural evolution of a-Si:H/SiO2 multilayers upon step by step thermal annealing

a-Si:H/SiO_2 multilayers were prepared by alternatively changing plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition of a-Si:H layers and in situ plasma oxidation process. Subsequently, as-grown samples were annealed at temperatures from 350℃ to 1100℃ in N_2 ambient with an increment of 100℃. The evolution of bonding configurations and structures with annealing treatments was systematically investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The peak position of Si－O stretching vibration of SiO_2 layers shift to 1087cm^{-1} after annealing at 1100℃, which demonstrates that the SiO_2 films fabricated by plasma oxidation after high temperature annealing can have similar properties to the thermal grown ones. A Si－O vibration from interfacial SiO_x was identified: the value x was found to increase as increasing the annealing temperature, which is ascribed to the cooperation of hydrogen effusion and reordering of the oxygen bond in SiO_x networks. The H-related bonds were observed in the form of H－Si－O_3 and H－Si－Si_{3-n}O_n (n=1－2) configurations, which are supposed to be present in SiO_2 and interfacial SiO_x layers, respectively. The H atoms bonded in different bonding configurations effuse at different temperatures due to their different desorption energies.