静电纺Ag/WO3复合纳米纤维及其光催化性能

为了研究氧化钨(WO_3)和银/氧化钨(Ag/WO_3)纳米纤维光催化性能,利用静电纺丝技术制备了WO_3和Ag/WO_3复合纳米纤维。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis),对样品的物相结构、形貌大小和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等进行了表征。在可见光照射下,比较WO_3和Ag/WO_3纳米纤维光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的性能,结果表明,在90 min时,Ag/WO_3复合纤维光催化降解MB效率比WO_3纤维高1.3倍,从能带结构角度分析了Ag/WO_3复合纤维光催化效率增强的原理。     

PbSe/TiO2同轴异质结纳米管的制备及光催化性能

通过溶液法合成了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管,并对其进行了微观形貌、晶体结构等的表征。结果表明,制得的样品是由PbSe和TiO2两种材料构成的复合材料,致密、均匀的TiO2薄膜包覆在PbSe纳米管表面。以氙灯为模拟光源,通过对甲基橙的降解研究了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管的光催化性能。结果显示,PbSe与TiO2之间形成的异质结使PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管具有较高的光催化性能,比纯PbSe纳米管的催化降解率提高了约4.5倍。另外,对PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管光催化稳定性也进行了研究。     

镉掺杂氧化锌纳米花的制备及其光催化活性

以氯化锌、氯化镉、氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热法合成Cd掺杂纳米花状ZnO光催化剂,并通过该样品对罗丹明B水溶液的降解来研究其光催化活性。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、光致发光谱(PL)及紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等测试手段对材料物性进行表征。实验结果表明:当掺杂Cd2+时,样品形貌发生变化、粒径减小;掺杂Cd2+后的ZnO的吸收边和紫外峰对比于纯ZnO均发生红移,禁带宽度由3.24 eV减小到3.16 eV。通过光催化实验分析可知,掺杂后纳米ZnO光催化剂对罗丹明B水溶液的降解率有所提高,光照3 h其降解率高达98%,说明与纯ZnO相比,Cd掺杂ZnO纳米花具有更高的光催化活性。     

三维花状氧化锌纳米材料的合成及其光催化性能

采用水热法,以硝酸锌[Zn(NO3)2.6H2O]和氨水(NH3.H2O)为原料制备了三维花状氧化锌纳米材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法研究了样品的成分、形貌和结构。研究结果显示:样品为六方纤锌矿结构的花状ZnO纳米材料。为了评估氧化锌纳米材料的光催化性能,进行了氧化锌纳米材料对有机染料甲基橙的光催化降解实验。实验结果表明,氧化锌纳米结构对甲基橙的光催化降解具有较好的催化作用,催化活性与氧化锌纳米结构的特殊形貌有关系。     

Eu3+离子掺杂钛酸盐纳米管的直接水热合成与发光性能

 采用纳米管制备和离子掺杂同步进行的直接水热合成方法，合成了纯钛酸盐纳米管（TNT）和Eu³⁺离子掺杂的纳米管（TNT-Eu）；并利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、光致发光谱仪研究了纳米管的形貌特征、物相组成、热稳定性和发光性能。结果显示：这种方法简便易行、稳定性好、产率高。钛酸盐纳米管物相可近似表示为(H,Na)₂Ti₃O₇或(H,Na)₂(Ti,Eu)₃O₇。高温处理对钛酸盐纳米管的结构产生很大的影响，450 ℃下纳米管的层状结构被破坏，晶体结构转化为锐钛矿型的TiO₂。TNT-Eu样品的发光性能较强，出现的393.5 nm、593 nm、614 nm的谱带归属于⁵D₀-⁷F₁和⁵D₀-⁷F₂电子的跃迁。     

铕掺杂纳米二氧化钛透明光触媒乳液的制备及光催化性能研究

本文采用常温络合—控制水解法,以TiCl_4,有机羧酸,氨水,硝酸铕,D-山梨醇等为主要实验药品,制备了Eu掺杂纳米TiO_2光触媒乳液。以酸性红3R染料为待降解物,分别考察了不同条件下制备的TiO_2光触媒乳液在太阳光模拟器生成光照射下的光催化性能。此外,还考察了Eu掺杂纳米二氧化钛透明光触媒乳液对于不同浓度染料的光催化性能。通过酸性红3R染料的降解实验,研究了影响Eu掺杂纳米二氧化钛透明光触媒乳液光催化活性的因素。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、纳米激光粒度分析仪、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等对样品进行表征。结果表明:样品的平均粒度为4.1 nm左右,晶型为锐钛矿,样品的吸收光谱可拓宽至可见光区。当Eu掺杂量为0.3%,pH值为6,回流时间是15 min时,制备的Eu掺杂纳米二氧化钛光触媒乳液的光催化性能最佳。该光触媒乳液经太阳光照射1 h之后,对浓度为25 mg/L的酸性红3R模型反应物的降解效率最高,达到97%以上。     

NiO/TiO2复合纳米管的水热制备及光催化性能

采用水热法,制得了管径约为10～15nm、管长约为10～300nm、管壁上附着NiO纳米颗粒的TiO_2纳米管复合光催化剂(NiO/TiO_2).采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱及紫外-可见漫反射光谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征;以甲基橙为模拟污染物,评价了纳米管的光催化活性.结果表明:NiO晶粒与TiO_2晶粒结合形成p-n异质结,有效地促进了光生电子和空穴的分离;NiO对可见光有强烈的吸收,使复合TiO_2纳米管在整个可见光区域均有很好的光吸收;以上两点使NiO/TiO_2纳米管可见光下的光催化活性大幅提升,500℃煅烧后纳米管对甲基橙1h分解比由纯TiO_2纳米管的7.0%提升至NiO/TiO_2纳米管的95.6%.     

三氧化钨/氧化银复合材料的水热法合成及其光催化降解性能研究

染料污染是水污染中最严重的问题之一,吸引了很多科学家的关注.人们尝试了很多方法去解决该问题,如化学氧化法、物理吸附法、光催化降解法和生物降解法等.与其他几种方法相比,光催化法有着低能耗、环保以及高效等优势.三氧化钨是常见的半导体材料,具有独特的光学性能,近年来受到了广泛的研究.本文以钨酸钠和硫脲为前驱体,通过水热法制备了三氧化钨/氧化银(WO_3/Ag_2O)复合材料,并用光催化降解亚甲基蓝来分析其光催化性能.通过X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱等表征手段对样品的形貌、晶格结构和光催化的性能进行表征.氧化银的带宽为1.2 e V,对可见光很敏感,三氧化钨和氧化银的复合使材料在可见光下的光催化活性显著增强,在可见光下对亚甲基蓝染料的光降解率可以达到98%.实验结果表明,复合材料中的三氧化钨纳米棒为六方相,其平均直径约为200 nm,平均长度约为4μm.而复合材料中的氧化银纳米颗粒为六方相,附着在氧化钨纳米棒的表面,平均晶粒尺寸为20 nm.氧化银的存在为复合材料提供了更多的反应活性位点.相较于单一组分,复合材料在可见光下的光吸收度更高,这说明三氧化钨和氧化银的复合改变了材料的能带结构.研究发现,三氧化钨和氧化银之间形成的异质结构是其优良光催化性能的来源.此外,三氧化钨和氧化银复合材料还具有良好的催化稳定性和化学稳定性.本文结果表明,可以通过给宽带隙的半导体材料复合一些带隙合适的金属氧化物以提升其光催化活性.     

一种具有高比表面积的Ag@ZnO微-纳复合结构的合成及其在光催化还原二氧化碳方面的应用

采用简单的水热法制备了比表面积高达7.9801m~2/g的ZnO微米星状结构(ZnO star),利用AgNO_3紫外光照还原反应在其表面附着Ag纳米颗粒,构成Ag@ZnO star微-纳米复合分型结构,其光学吸收波长尺度涵盖从近紫外至近红外的太阳光谱波段.用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测定了样品的相结构和组成元素.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)确定了所合成样品的形貌和晶面结构并且证实了Ag@ZnO star异质结构的存在.紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer,UVNS)测试显示样品在近紫外至近红外波段都具有良好的光吸收性能.用Labsolar-6A高气密性自动在线光催化分析系统测量了样品的CO_2光催化还原为CO的性能,结果表明Ag@ZnOstar微-纳复合结构显著地提高了CO_2光催化还原的能力,较商用ZnO粉末提高了4倍,其原因归于两点:一是ZnO的分型结构显著提高了比表面积,二是Ag粒子与ZnO的耦合产生的等离激元增强效应以及使非极性面的活性得到增强.此工作对高效微-纳复合结构CO_2光催化还原剂的构建具有重要的指导意义.     

Ti(SO_4)_2水解-水热法制备锐钛型纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能

以Ti(SO4)2水溶液为原料,在水热条件下直接水解合成了锐钛型纳米TiO2颗粒。利用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、BET低温吸附和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等方法对产物进行了表征,并研究了样品光催化降解甲基橙(MO)的性能。结果表明所制得纳米TiO2颗粒为锐钛矿型,晶型良好,平均粒径为24 nm,BET比表面积约为56.20 m2.g-1。光催化活性与商品纳米TiO2(P25)相近,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.