超细钨丝的电解腐蚀制备及其性能表征

 直径小于7 μm的超细钨丝是制备Z-pinch丝阵负载的主要原料，为了满足Z-pinch物理实验需要，利用电解腐蚀法原理，制备出了直径最小为3.0 μm的超细钨丝。研究了电解液温度、电解液质量分数、电解电压和收丝速度等工艺条件对钨丝的影响，并用扫描电镜、原子力显微镜和万能测力计测试了所制备钨丝的直径、形貌及抗拉强度。实验表明，电解电压和收丝速度是影响钨丝腐蚀速度的主要因素，所制备的钨丝表面光滑,均方根粗糙度为2.42 nm，直径为3.5 μm的钨丝其抗拉强度为2.32 g。利用这种方法所制备的超细钨丝已用作Z-pinch丝阵负载的靶材料，取得了很好的物理实验结果，X光能量已达到36.58 kJ。     

Z箍缩用连续型直径周期调制钨丝的制备技术北大核心CSCD

利用研制平台、激光衍射直径在线表征设备、扫描电子显微镜及力学性性能测试设备等对超细钨丝的直径周期调制成型过程及单丝性能进行研究。结果表明,正电压与零电压交替出现的电解腐蚀方法可以用于制备连续型直径周期调制钨丝;电解电压1．4V和1．6V下,100～500g·L^-1的NaOH体系下,钨丝均能表现出较明显的直径周期调制形貌;电解电压更高时,只有当NaOH浓度低于500g·L^-1时,钨丝才能呈现周期调制的形貌。钨丝电解抛光的质量损失与电流强度和腐蚀时间存在正比关系,在特定条件下超细钨丝的重量损失与电流强度、电解时间二者乘积的比值为5．35×10^-5g·C^-1。在电解液质量浓度200g·L^-1,电解电压2．0V下,以3S的腐蚀时间制得的直径调制钨丝的粗段直径为12．2μm,细段直径为9．8μm,减径率约20％,其单丝断裂力可达0．2883N。     

UC表层结构的X射线光电子谱研究

UC具备优良的物理性能，可用作核反应堆燃料。但UC在大气中易与氧气和湿气作用而发生腐蚀。块状UC在高温下的氧化行为已采用传统的热重、金相和X射线衍射等分析方法开展过广泛的研究，但这些技术难以提供UC表面氧化物薄层的相关信息。本文旨在运用XPS谱仪结合氩离子蚀刻确定常温时形成在UC表面的大气腐蚀产物并获取UC清洁表面的XPS谱。     

He+等离子体辐照下钨丝表面He通量分布的数值模拟

在He等离子体辐照条件下,钨纳米丝的形成对材料的抗辐照性能及钨丝间隙内He的分布产生显著影响。根据钨丝层中He离子的碰撞过程,建立了He⁺辐照下钨纳米丝表面He通量分布的模型。研究表明钨丝表面He通量随着深度的增大而减小,在深度3.3μm处,钨丝表面He通量是表层的百分之一。钨丝表面He通量随着注入离子通量的增加呈线性增长,但是与注入离子的能量几乎无关。钨丝层厚度越大,钨丝表面He通量越小;随着钨丝半径的增大,钨丝表层的He通量会明显增大。     

锰掺杂的钙钛矿型钛铌酸盐基复合阴极高温电解水蒸气

通过在氧化还原稳定的钙钛矿材料钛铌酸盐的B位晶格中掺杂具有氧化还原活性的锰元素提高固体氧化物电解池复合电极电催化性能．研究发现,锰元素成功取代钛铌酸盐B位的Ti/Nb．掺杂后的样 品的离子电导率在800 oC下的氧化气氛和还原气氛下的离子电导率分别提高了约1和0.5个数量级．基于掺杂后的钛铌酸盐基复合阴极,氧离子传导型固体氧化物电解池电解水蒸汽的电流效率在有和无还原气体保护下分别提高了25%和30%．     

化学腐蚀和硫处理对InSb(111)表面的影响

本文应用俄歇电子能谱和X射线光电子能谱对化学腐蚀和硫处理的InSb表面进行了研究。实验中发现经过CP-4腐蚀以后在样品的表面生成了InSb的氧化层,氧化层中的组分是锑的氧化物明显多于铟的氧化物。样品经过硫处理以后能够除去InSb表面的氧化层并且形成硫化物钝化层。 关键词：     

沉积态铀薄膜表面氧化的X射线光电子能谱

含铀(U)薄膜在激光惯性约束聚变的实验研究中有重要的用途.研究其在不同气氛下的氧化性能可以为微靶制备、储存及物理实验提供关键的实验数据.通过超高真空磁控溅射技术制备了纯U薄膜及金-铀(Au-U)复合平面膜,将其在大气、高纯氩(Ar)气及超高真空度环境中暴露一段时间后,利用X射线光电子能谱仪结合Ar~+束深度剖析技术考察U层中氧(O)元素分布及价态,分析氧化产物及机理.结果显示,初始状态的U薄膜中未检测到O的存在.Au-U复合薄膜中的微观缺陷减弱了Au防护层的屏蔽效果,使其在3周左右时间内严重氧化,产物为U表面致密的氧化膜及缺陷周围的点状腐蚀物,主要成分均为二氧化铀(UO_2).在高纯Ar气中纯U薄膜仅暴露6 h后表面即被严重氧化,生成厚度不均匀的UO_2.在超高真空度环境下保存12 h后,纯U薄膜表面也发生明显氧化,生成厚度不足1 nm的UO_2.Ar~+束对铀氧化物的刻蚀会因择优溅射效应而使UO_2被还原成非化学计量的UO_(2-x),但这种效应受O含量的影响.     

阳极电极电解处理对微生物燃料电池性能影响

本文采用氨水浸泡、氨水电解、磷酸缓冲液电解三种方法对微生物燃料电池阳极电极进行了预处理,对处理后的电极表面的浸润性、微观结构、官能团进行了分析,获得了阳极电极电解处理对微生物燃料电池性能的影响。实验结果表明:电解处理改变了碳布表面的浸润性和表面官能团的种类与含量,引起碳布表面发生碳腐蚀甚至形成多孔,增加了底物的有效浓度,同时提高了阳极电极的电化学活性,最终使得微生物燃料电池的性能得到25%的提升。     

流脉冲离子束辐照对DZ4合金性能的影响

 用含Cⁿ⁺和H⁺、加速电压250 kV、脉冲宽度70 ns、束流密度160 A/cm²的强流脉冲离子束辐照DZ4合金，辐照次数分别为2，5，10，15。实验结果表明：辐照后样品的表面出现了熔坑，多次脉冲辐照后样品的表面熔坑边缘模糊甚至消失。近表面存在厚1~2 mm的重熔层，晶粒较细，晶界模糊；熔坑周围富集Cr和Mo等元素;强流脉冲离子束辐照处理后DZ4合金的耐腐蚀性能明显提高，腐蚀速率下降,这是由于辐照减弱了由于晶界和晶粒本体的成分差异而引起的晶界腐蚀；同时离子束辐照后的DZ4合金在高温氧化时更容易形成一层连续的保护性氧化物，其主要成分是致密的Al₂O₃，使得DZ4合金的耐高温氧化性能也有所改善。     

高气压均匀直流辉光放电等离子体的光学特性

在高气压(大于100 Torr, 1 Torr=1.33322×10² Pa)平板位形的均匀直流辉光放电中, 一定条件下观察到平行排列的明暗相间的等离子体辉纹. 结合等离子体的光发射谱诊断, 研究了气体组分对等离子体光学特性的影响. 研究发现, 随着甲烷浓度的增加, 辉纹间距减小, 相应的电子激发温度降低. 当甲烷浓度增加时, 等离子体中低电离能的粒种增加, 粒子平均电离能减小, 这种情况下, 电子被电场加速较短的距离所获得的能量就可以激发粒子, 产生可见的光发射, 表现为辉纹间距缩短. 随着氩气的引入, 能够观察到明显的辉纹, 且增大氩气含量, 辉纹间距增加, 这与氩的较高电离能有关, 而相应的电子激发温度增加. 研究结果表明, 随着工作气体的改变, 等离子体辉纹间距呈现出一种对电子温度的响应.     

超细Ni80Cr20合金丝冷拉拔烧头及穿模工艺

采用冷拉拔技术制备超细Ni80Cr20合金丝,探索了电化学法烧头和超景深显微镜辅助穿模方法,开展了直径25.60μm的超细丝拉拔至21.14μm的烧头和穿模工艺研究。实验结果表明:采用电解电压为5V,0.2mol/L的HCl溶液,烧头时间为1s,超景深显微镜200倍放大模式,成功拉制直径为21.14μm的微丝;电化学法可以精确控制烧头电压和时间,同时超景深显微镜可以放大金刚石模具孔径,解决了烧头时间控制不准确和人工穿模的难题,显著提高了穿模效率和成功率。     

非晶态WO3薄膜电致变色特性的研究

采用射频溅射三氧化钨粉末靶的技术，在不同的氧分压条件下沉积得到非晶态WO3电致变色薄膜，分析得知氧分压为1∶10的样品变色性能更好些.采用x射线衍射(XRD)，原子力显微镜(AFM)，伏安特性曲线和分光光度计分析所制备薄膜的特性.将薄膜在15mol/L的LiClO4的丙稀碳酸脂（PC）溶液进行电化学反应.发现氧分压在1∶10的情况下沉积得到的薄膜呈非晶态，薄膜有较多的孔隙，这有利于Li+的抽取，进而显示出很好的变色性能.x射线光电子能谱(XPS)成分分析表明WO3薄膜在原态中只有W和O两种原子电色反应后 关键词： 三氧化钨薄膜 非晶 射频溅射 电致变色     

Influence of chromate, molybdate and tungstate on pit formation in chloride medium

It has been characterized and evaluated the 2024-T351 and 7050-T7451 aluminum alloys pitting corrosion in naturally aerated chloride aqueous solutions containing chromate, molybdate and tungstate. It has been carried out electrochemical and non-electrochemical immersion corrosion tests accompanied by surface metallography analysis using an optical microscopy. Chromate for the two alloys and in molybdate for 7050 has corrosion inhibiting effects, whereas tungstate promotes the pitting corrosion for these alloys. Quantitative surface analysis upon the alloys after immersion has indicated that pits are predominantly conical or quasi-conical and irregular. In general, pits have been wider than deep and the widest have been also the deepest. Despite inhibitor presence, when pits have been nucleated, they grow with the same intensity.     

Electrochemical properties of undoped CVD diamond films

The electrochemical properties of undoped diamond polycrystalline films grown on tungsten wire substrates using methanol as a precursor are described. The diamond film quality was changed by introducing sp²-bonded non-diamond carbon impurity through adjustment of the methanol-to-hydrogen (C/H) source gas ratio used for diamond growth.The electrodes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV).Diamond coated tungsten wires were then used as a working electrode to ascertain their electrochemical behavior in electrolytic medium. Electrochemical windows of these films were found to be suitable in the potential range of [−2.5 V, +2.2 V] vs. Ag/AgCl in acid medium (0.1 M KCl).The electrochemical behavior was evaluated also using the Fe(CN)₆^3−/4−redox couple.The results demonstrate that the grain boundaries and sp²-hybridized carbon impurity can have a significant influence on electrochemical window of undoped diamond electrodes. It was observed that with increasing sp² carbon impurity concentration the electrochemical window decreases.     

Special features of the tungsten wire heat transfer and the WO3 nanoparticle synthesis in supercritical water

Special features of the tungsten wire (TW) heat transfer in supercritical water at P = 25 MPa and T ≤ 923 K are investigated, including the conditions of (WO₃) _n nanoparticle formation on the tungsten wire surface with the reaction kn〈W〉 + 3knH₂O = k(WO₃) _n + 3knH₂. Values of the heat transfer coefficient as a function of oxidation time and temperature were determined using the method of electric current flash heating of the tungsten wire. It has been found that due to WO₃ dissolution in supercritical water, there occurs oxide recondensation from the tungsten wire surface onto other design elements of the setup, which is accompanied by formation of monoclinic and rhombic WO₃, and also monoclinic FeWO₄.     

A variable hydrophobic surface improves corrosion resistance of electroplating copper coating

In this paper, Cu/liquid microcapsule composite coating was prepared by electroplating method. And a variable hydrophobic surface was obtained due to the slow release of microcapsules and the rough surface. The hydrophobic property and corrosion resistance of the composite was investigated by means of water contact angle instrument and electrochemical technique, respectively. The results suggest that the contact angle (CA) of composite increases gradually with the increasing storing time, and the stable super-hydrophobic property was exhibited after storing in air for 15 days. Meanwhile, the excellent corrosion resistance was displayed, which could be ascribed to the good stability of hydrophobic film on composite surface.     

Evaluation of corrosion behaviors and surface profiles of platinum-coated electrodes by electrochemistry and complementary microscopy: biomedical implications for anticancer therapy

Corrosion behaviors and surface profiles of platinum (Pt)-coated electrodes were investigated by electrochemistry and complementary microscopy. Four types of needle electrodes (Pt/titanium, Pt/tungsten, Pt/brass, and Pt/stainless steel) were prepared by unbalanced magnetron sputtering and subjected to the potentiodynamic polarization test in 0.9% deaerated sodium chloride solution at room temperature. The potentiodynamic test revealed that Pt/Ti electrodes had the highest corrosion resistance among the electrodes tested in this study, with the corrosion potential of 228mV(SCE) and the corrosion rate of 0.10 microA/cm(2). Morphology and surface profiles of the electrodes examined by reflected light, electron, and atomic force microscopy were consistent with those of corrosion resistance, showing that the electrodes with higher corrosion resistance had lower surface roughness than others. It is likely that the electrodes with higher corrosion resistance have suffered slower dissolution of substrates, and consequently had less cavities and/or corrosion products. Furthermore, nude mice inoculated with a bronchoalveolar cancer cell line and exposed to direct electric field showed the deterioration of proliferated tumor cells, proving the efficacy of electrochemical treatment. These results suggest that either Pt/Ti or Pt/W electrodes for solid tumors are suitable to be employed in the electrochemical treatment of tumors for anticancer therapy, applying low-level direct current due to their high corrosion resistance.     

Synthesis,surface chemistry and electrocatalytic properties of oxygen-modified tungsten carbide in relation to the electrochemical hydrogen oxidation

The surface chemistry of tungsten carbide was studied using an indicator spectrophotometric method and X-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy. The presence of WO₂, WO₃ and adsorbed polytungstate ions was identified on the surface of WC specimens. The electrocatalytic activity of oxygen-modified tungsten carbide was attributed to the WO₂ at their interface with WC. This conclusion is supported by the presence of some density of states of the 5d, 6s electrons at the Fermi level on the W⁴⁺ and by the relationship between exchange current density and concentration of the lattice O^2?. Insertion of oxygen atoms in the WC crystal lattice leads to a widening of the anodic range of potentials in which the WC maintains its electrochemical activity in hydrogen oxidation reaction.