R值扫描中积分亮度的测量

在R值扫描中利用大角度Bhabha事例测量积分亮度,较之以往的同类过程积分亮度的测量,在事例选择和探测效率的确定方面都作了较大的改进. 用不同的测量方法对本文的结果进行了检查,发现几种结果在误差范围内是一致的. 但本文的测量优化了事例选择条件,所以在一定程度上改善了系统误差.     

原始数据中束流相关本底的分离

束流相关本底处理的不确定性是在BES/BEPC上进行R值测量的主要误差来源之一,提出从原始数据中分离出束流相关样本的新方法, 并把此样本用于调节强子产生器LUARLW的参数,以减小强子探测效率的系统误差, 提高R值的测量精度.     

粒子物理实验

利用BES在τ质量测量期间获取的√S=3．55GeV的约5pb^-1的数据开展R值测量的预先实验研究。详细研究了与R值测量有关的各种因素．如强子事例挑选、本底扣除、亮度测量、辐射修正、效率确定等。特别是利用挑选出的强子事例的各种形态特征分布与现有的LUND模型的强子事例产生子Jetset 74相比较，调整其有关参数，首次得到适合于低能区的强子事例产生子，从而比较可靠地确定了效率。以上研究为下一步的R值扫描测量打下了良好基础。     

R值测量中束流相关本底的扣除方法

利用北京谱仪R值扫描数据,研究了束流相关本底的特征及其扣除方法.采用f因子方法和拟合强子事例顶点z分布的方法来扣除残余束流相关本底,并讨论其对R值测量误差的贡献.结果表明,两种方法对R值测量误差的影响约为0.3%至2.3%.     

北京谱仪积分亮度测量的新方法

介绍了利用e⁺e^－对撞中双μ产生和双γ产生两种QED过程来测量积分亮度的新思路.前者的特色在于用单根径迹选择双μ事例,后者则是首次利用双γ事例测定亮度.两种方法分别用于1998年春季北京谱仪(BES)R值扫描6个能量点的积分亮度测量,所得结果的误差分别小于8.0%和7.5%,在误差范围内与大角度巴巴事例积分亮度值一致.     

R值扫描实验中触发效率的测量

介绍了北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)/北京谱仪(BES)R值扫描实验中触发效率的测量方法,BES触发判选系统触发条件表的设置,给出了R值测量实验期间各触发条件、触发道以及不同类型事例的触发效率.     

对Z0三喷注事例中色联接敏感可观测量的研究

将末态部分子的色分离联接引入JETSET事例产生器,通过用喷注的DURHAM判据y_cut及用喷注夹角限制事例形状,对Z⁰衰变进行三喷注事例挑选,发现可以得到对色联接敏感的三喷注事例.对于这类事例,末态强子的平均带电多重数及胶子喷注中的一系列可观测量对色联接的敏感性随y_cut值的减小而增大;在小y_cut值时,色中性流和色分离两种联接导致了显著差别.使通过实验测量鉴别部分子的色联接成为可能.     

北京谱仪R值测量中的初态辐射修正

从R值测量实验的角度讨论了e⁺e^－碰撞通过单光子湮没产生强子截面的辐射修正,分析了3种典型的计算方案.在BEPC/BES上运行的2—5GeV能区,不同方案给出的辐射修正因子理论值(1+δ)的差别大约是1%—2%,而每一方案计算中由于各种不确定因素带来的有效辐射修正因子(1+δobs)的总误差约为2%—3%.     

s~(1/2)=355GeV附近的R值测量

利用北京谱仪 (BES)在s=3.5 5GeV附近获取的总积分亮度约为 5 pb-1的实验数据 ,测量了e e-湮没强子产生截面与 μ子对产生截面的比值 (即R值 ) .其测量误差比其它实验组已发表的此能区的测量误差减小约 5 0 % .     

在羊八井测量初级宇宙线直达质子研究质子和空气核非弹性作用截面

提出了一种在高海拔通过测量直达质子来确定质子和空气核(p-air)的非弹性作用截面的方法, 并通过Monte Carlo模拟, 研究了其可行性. 假定将一台类似于KASCADE的强子量能器设置在西藏羊八井ARGO探测器的中央,选择大气簇射(AS)轴心落在强子量能器内的事例, 用全覆盖ARGO阵列作AS的反符合,用强子量能器测量非伴随的高能强子,即能以已知的效率得到一个直达质子事例样本. 利用这个样本,本工作以1%—2%的精确度还原了Monte Carlo模拟中所使用的p-air非弹性作用截面, 从而证明了这一方法的可行性.     

A measurement of R_{\rm b} using a double tagging method

The fraction of events in hadronic decays has been measured by the OPAL experiment using the data collected at LEP between 1992 and 1995. The decays were tagged using displaced secondary vertices, and high momentum electrons and muons. Systematic uncertainties were reduced by measuring the b-tagging efficiency using a double tagging technique. Efficiency correlations between opposite hemispheres of an event are small, and are well understood through comparisons between real and simulated data samples. A value of was obtained, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. The uncertainty on , the fraction of events in hadronic decays, is not included in the errors. The dependence on is where $\Delta R_{\rm c}$ is the deviation of from the value 0.172 predicted by the Standard Model. The result for agrees with the value of predicted by the Standard Model. Received: 28 August 1998 / Published online: 7 April 1999     

Properties of the proposed τ charged lepton

The anomalous eμ and 2-prong μx events produced in e⁺e⁻ annihilation are used to determine the properties of the proposed τ charged lepton. We find the τ mass is 1.90 ± 0.10 GeV/c²; the mass of the associated neutrino, ν_τ, is less than 0.6 GeV/c² with 95% confidence; V - A coupling is favored over V + A coupling for the τ − ν_τ current; and the leptonic branching ratios are 0.186 ± 0.010 ± 0.028 from the eμ events and 0.175 ± 0.027 ± 0.030 from the μx events where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.     

Neutral charm production in 400 GeV proton-emulsion interactions

A search has been carried out for neutral charm production in 5,108 proton-emulsion interactions at 400 GeV/c. Nine charm candidates have been observed in our fiducial volume which extends from 100 μm-1,000 μm in the forward cone. One of these is a 4-prong and the others are 2-prong events with opening angle>10 mrad and momenta of both decay tracks>150 MeV/c. Search for associated charm decays was made in an extended fiducial volume around the primary stars of these nine candidates. This yielded two neutral 2-prong events, one associated with the 4-prong and the other with a 2-prong candidate. All unassociated candidates are consistent with being backgrounds due toK _s , Λ decays, neutral interactions and γ conversions whereas the background to associated events is negligible. Based on the two associated decays the inclusive cross section forD ^{0, ?0} production is determined as 27±20 μb/nucleon. Detailed measurements on the 4-prong candidate lead to the identification of one decay track as an electron and another as a kaon. This is interpreted as a semi-leptonic, Cabbibo favouredD ⁰/D ^?0 decay.     

Determination of the number of ψ' events at BES Ⅲ

The number of ψ' events accumulated by the BESⅢ experiment from March 3 through April 14, 2009, is determined by counting inclusive hadronic events. The result is 106.41×(1.00±0.81%)×106 . The error is systematic dominant; the statistical error is negligible.     

Tests of quantum chromodynamics and a direct measurement of the strong coupling constant αs at √s=30 GeV

We report the measurement of the reaction e⁺ + e^? → hadronic jets at a center-of-mass energy √s=30 GeV using the MARK-J detector at PETRA. By measuring the energy and angular distribution of both neutrals and charged particles we were able to isolate unambiguously the three-jet events in a kinematic region where the backgrounds from q$\text{q}$ and phase space contributions and other processes are small. Various comparisons of the data with quantum chromodynamics were made. The relative yield of three-jet events and the shape distribution of the events enable us to determine α_s = 0.23 ± 0.02 (statistical error) with a systematic error of ± 0.04.     

BEPC能区强子事例形态特性及模拟

利用北京谱仪(BES)在3.55GeV附近采集的数据和国际上已发表的数据,研究了北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)能区强子事例形态特征的分布,对LUND模型的JETSET7.4产生子作了仔细研究,并得到与低能实验数据相符的模型参数.     

Introduction of the Trigger System and the Measurement for Trigger Efficiency at L3+Cosmics Experiment

The trigger process of L3+Cosmics experiment at CERN is introduced briefly. Also we checked whether the settings of L3+Cosmics trigger system by simulation are correct or not and introduced a method on trigger efficiency calculation. To get trigger efficiency for μ spectrum measurement, an experimental data sample, which includes events passing the trigger set to measure the μ spectrum and not passing, is needed. Then L?3+C trigger process is simulated with these events in this sample to know how many events should pass the trigger. By checking a trigger bit recorded in the experimental data, one can know how many events passed the trigger in hardware in these simulated events. The ratio then determines the trigger efficiency for μ spectrum measurement. And the systematic error is analyzed. The results on trigger efficiency have been used to the measurement of μ spectrum.