二级电炮加载技术研究

 利用常规电炮发射金属飞片的实验技术,将Φ10 mm×0.5 mm、Φ10 mm×0.3 mm铝飞片分别发射到300、500 m/s的速度且具有较好的平面度,有效拓展了电炮在相对较低的飞片发射速度和较低应变率下的加载能力（飞片速度约100 m/s、应变率小于10⁶ s^-1）,使之可以在更宽的应变率和加载压力下使用。利用二级电炮技术,对Zr₅₁Ti₅Ni₁₀Cu₂₅Al₉块体非晶合金进行了平面撞击实验,获得了较好的结果,该工作对电炮加载技术的推广应用有着重要的作用。     

平面冲击波高速撞击下Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5大块非晶合金的损伤与断裂

 利用二级轻气炮研究了在平面冲击波高速撞击下，Zr₄₁Ti₁₄Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5大块非晶合金的损伤与断裂行为。实验结果表明：在高速冲击压缩下，大块非晶合金断裂面的角度小于通常压缩情况的角度，这是由高速撞击下材料极高的应变速率决定的；极高的应变速率变形和局域绝热剪切加热造成局部熔化；在温度和压力的共同作用下，非晶合金发生晶化现象。     

退火态Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30块体非晶合金在轧制过程中的自由体积演化

将Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体非晶合金在715 K等温退火30 min, 引入少量纳米晶, 然后于室温以不同的应变速率进行轧制, 用差示扫描量热仪考察不同应变量样品的热稳定性和自由体积演化. 结果表明:即使轧制到95%的最大应变量, 样品的热稳定性也几乎没有发生改变. 在各种应变速率下, 随着应变量的增加, 自由体积含量持续上升. 但随着应变速率的增加, 相同应变量下自由体积的含量先上升后降低, 该规律与单一非晶态结构合金在塑性变形过程中自由体积的变化情况截然不同.     

Al-Cu-Fe二十面体准晶的深过冷研究

通过循环过热净化法研究了Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ合金系中Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅合金液的深过冷采用循环过热净化法净化Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅合金液，获得了９８Ｋ的过冷度，并制备出直径为６ｍｍ的高纯度的Ａｌ－ＣＳ－ＦＳ二十面体准晶球．随着Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅合金液过冷度的不同，Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅合金液的第一形核相也发生变化．此外，提高对Al₆₅Cu₂₀Fe₁₅合金液的净化程度，可以提高合金液的形成Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｆｅ二十面体准晶的能力．     

七种非晶铁磁合金的体积磁致伸缩研究

 强制体积磁致伸缩的数量级极小（10^-10~10^-9[(10³/4π)(A/m)]^-1），如通过测量三个互成直角方向的线磁致伸缩（10^-6[(10³/4π)(A/m)]^-1）再正负迭加则很难测准。本文利用热力学关系：(dω/dH)_T,p=-(dM_s/dp)_T,H，用静水压法在0.000 1~2.4 GPa范围测得七种非晶合金Fe_81.6Si_4.6B_13.8、Fe_46.3Co_0.03Ni_46.5Si_3.75V_0.92B_2.5、Fe₇₅Cr₅Si₅B₁₅、Fe_73.9Co_8.3Si_4.4B_13.4、Fe₇₅Ni₅Si₅B₁₅、Fe_78.75Cu_1.25Si₅B₁₅和(Fe_0.85Co_0.15)₈₂Cu_0.4Si_4.4B_13.2的强制体积磁致伸缩及其随静水压p的变化。结果表明：（1）其中六种属于第一类压磁效应。(dω/dH)_T,p在大部分压力下为正，p增加时M_s不断减小；(dω/dH)_T,p仅在几个狭窄的压力范围为负。可归因于磁性原子与非磁性原子的化学短程序在压力下的变化。（2）非晶合金Fe_78.75Cu_1.25Si₅B₁₅属于第二类压磁效应。(dω/dH)_T,p在绝大部分压力下为负。M_s反常升高与Cu的特殊作用有关。     

高压处理对Cu75.15Al24.85合金组织与电阻率的影响

本文借助金相显微镜, XRD, SEM和DSC等手段对Cu_75.15Al_24.85合金经1-5 GPa压力, 750℃保温15 min处理前后的组织结构进行了分析,并用电阻率测试仪对合金的 电阻率进行测试,以此探讨了高压处理对Cu_75.15Al_24.85合金组织与电阻率的影响. 结果表明:高压处理能细化Cu_75.15Al_24.85合金的组织,增大合金的电阻率, 当压力为3 GPa时,该合金获得的组织最细小,电阻率最大.     

冲击加载下Zr51Ti5Ni10Cu25Al9金属玻璃的塑性行为

进行了10—27 GPa应力范围内Zr₅₁Ti₅Ni₁₀Cu₂₅Al₉金属玻璃的平面冲击实验以研究其高压-高应变率加载下的塑性行为.由样品自由面粒子速度剖面的分析获得了冲击加载过程的轴向应力,并通过轴向应力与静水压线的比较获得剪应力.实验结果表明,尽管存在明显的松弛效应,但Zr基金属玻璃的Hugoniot弹性极限随着冲击应力的增加而增加.然而,塑性波阵面上的剪应力则显示先硬化而后软化现象,而且软化的幅度随冲击应力的增加而增加.冲击加载下Zr基金属玻璃的上述剪应力变化特征与分子动力学模拟结果比较一致,但与压剪实验结果和一维应力冲击实验结果明显不同.     

低扩散系数对Pd77Cu6Si17合金易非晶化的影响

采用激光熔凝技术,研究了Pd₇₇Cu₆Si₁₇合金快速凝固组织的演变规律.研究表明:随着生长速度的增大,Pd₇₇Cu₆Si₁₇合金晶体生长组织形貌发生了Pd₃Si枝晶+共晶-ξ枝晶+共晶-共晶团簇-规则共晶-非晶的转变,共晶失稳即非晶形成的临界生长速度为6 mm/s,最小层片间距为35 nm.通过与Al-25 wt% Sm,Al-32.7     

Al3+掺杂的CuZn铁氧体的结构，电学和磁学特性

采用固相合成反应技术制备纳米Cu_0.5Zn_0.5Fe_2-xAl_xO₂(x=0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4和0.5)铁氧体材料,研究Al³⁺含量对结构,电学和磁学性质的影响. 采用X射线衍射研究单相立方尖晶石结构. 利用Scherrer公式估算晶粒尺寸. 测定了温度依赖的直流电阻率.结果表明随Al³⁺含量的增加,晶格常数减小,孔隙度增加,饱和磁化强度值降低,Al³⁺对铁氧体的介电常数、介电损耗角的正切值和介质损耗因子等介电性能有明显影响,这可能与空间电荷极化有关.     

Mg，Ti共掺Al2O3透明多晶陶瓷光谱性能研究

采用传统无压烧结工艺制备Mg，Ti共掺透明氧化铝陶瓷，测定了其吸收光谱、荧光光谱和激发光谱，结果表明，由于Mg²⁺的电荷补偿，当Ti掺入量较小时，Ti主要以Ti⁴⁺形式存在，(Mg，Ti):Al₂O₃透明陶瓷只在250nm的紫外波段有吸收峰，为O^2-→Ti⁴⁺的电荷转移跃迁产生的吸收，并产生Ti⁴⁺离子在280—290nm和410—420nm的荧光发射峰     

大块金属玻璃Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5的流变行为研究

采用静态拉伸方法在连续升温条件下动态地测量了大块金属玻璃Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5（Vit1）的黏度随温度的变化关系.在应变速率与温度的关系曲线中，观测到了与玻璃转变和晶化过程相联系的多个应变速率峰.在玻璃转变温度Tg以上，大块金属玻璃Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5的过冷液体呈现Newton流体特征，其黏度与温度的关系符合Vogel Fulcher-Tammann (VFT)关系式，拟合得到脆度D*＝36，VFT温度T0＝319K，脆度参数m＝30，这说明Zr41T 关键词： 大块金属玻璃 应变速率 剪切黏度 自由体积     

Compression behavior of Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Cu_(12.5)Ni_(10)Be_(22.5) bulk metallic glass up to 24 GPa

With the development of multicomponent Zr-based glass bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) with a larger geometry by a conventional casting process with a low coolingrate[1—4], high pressure, which is the simplest way to vary the interatomic distance ofsubstance and thus change its physical properties, has been employed as an importantmeans to investigate structural relaxation and the crystallization of the BMGs[5]. Relativeto crystalline, metallic glasses have excess free volume, which will annihil…     

Shear Modulus Relaxation and Thermal Effects in a Zr65Cu15Ni10Al10 Metallic Glass after Inhomogeneous Plastic Deformation

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - The shear modulus and enthalpy relaxation in a deformed Zr65Cu15Ni10Al10 metallic glass has been investigated. It has been established that...     

Ductile bulk metallic glass

We report on experimental evidence of pronounced global plasticity measured in monolithic Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 bulk metallic glass under both bending and unconfined compression loading conditions. A plastic strain of 20% is measured, never before seen in metallic glasses. Also, permanent deformation and a strain exceeding 3% before failure is observed during bending of 4 mm thick samples. To date, no monolithic metallic material has exhibited such a combination of high strength, extensive ductility, and high elastic limit. The large plasticity is reflected in a high Poisson ratio of 0.42, which causes the tip of a shear band to extend rather than initiate a crack. This results in the formation of multiple shear bands and is the origin of the observed large global ductility and very high fracture toughness, approximately 80 MPa m(-1/2).     

Electronic structure and glass forming ability in early and late transition metal alloys

A correlation between the change in magnetic susceptibility (Δχ_exp) upon crystallisation of Cu–Zr and Hf metallic glasses (MG) with their glass forming ability (GFA) observed recently, is found to apply to Cu–Ti and Zr–Ni alloys, too. In particular, small Δχ_exp, which reflects similar electronic structures, ES, of glassy and corresponding crystalline alloys, corresponds to high GFA. Here, we studied Δχ_exp for five Cu–Ti and four Cu–Zr and Ni–Zr MGs. The fully crystalline final state of all alloys was verified from X-ray diffraction patterns. The variation of GFA with composition in Cu–Ti, Cu–Zr and Cu–Hf MGs was established from the variation of the corresponding critical casting thickness, d_c. Due to the absence of data for d_c in Ni–Zr MGs their GFA was described using empirical criteria, such as the reduced glass transition temperature. A very good correlation between Δχ_exp and d_c (and/or other criteria for GFA) was observed for all alloys studied. The correlation between the ES and GFA showed up best for Cu–Zr and NiZr₂ alloys where direct data for the change in ES (ΔES) upon crystallisation are available. The applicability of the Δχ_exp (ΔES) criterion for high GFA (which provides a simple way to select the compositions with high GFA) to other metal-metal MGs (including ternary and multicomponent bulk MGs) is briefly discussed.     

Structural relaxation of Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Cu_(12.5)Ni_(10)Be_(22.5) bulk metallic glass under high pressure

Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5bulk metallic glass (BMG) is annealed at 573 K under 3 GPaand its structural relaxation is investigated by X-ray diffraction, ultrasonic study, compression as well as sliding wear measurements. It is found that after the ZrTiCuNiBe BMG sample was annealed under high pressure, the mechanical properties were improved. Moreover, the BMG with relaxed structure exhibits markedly different acoustic properties. These results are attributed to the fact that relaxation under high-pressure results in a microstructural transformation in the BMG.     

非晶合金结构演变影响玻璃形成能力的分子动力学研究

通过分子动力学方法模拟了Ti75Al25、Ni50Zr50和Cu50Zr50非晶合金的玻璃转变过程, 得到并分析了平均原子体积和双体分布函数等结构参数, 并应用Voronoi多面体指数分析法统计了玻璃转变过程中二十面体及类二十面体团簇的数量, 通过分析团簇在玻璃转变过程中种类和数量的涨落趋势, 研究了非晶原子由短程序连接至中程序再至长程无序的动力学演化过程. 结果表明, 非晶合金的玻璃形成能力以及塑性变形能力与动力学演化过程中Voronoi团簇的种类和数量密切相关. 在玻璃转变过程中局部五次对称性高的团簇倾向于连接在一起形成链,从而密排整个空间, 降低系统的动力学行为从而提高玻璃形成能力. 塑性形变倾向于发生在局部五次对称性较低的区域. 在玻璃转变温度附近团簇种类和数量的突变反映出非晶合金的自组织临界行为, 蕴含着丰富的非线性动力学现象.     

Ta-10W合金压缩力学性能实验研究

利用MTS材料试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)实验装置对非退火状态Ta-10W合金进行了准静态和动态压缩实验,给出了材料的静态压缩屈服强度和应变率在700~3 100 s-1范围内的动态压缩应力-应变曲线,并获得了不同应变率下材料的动态屈服强度。通过对实验结果的分析可以发现,非退火状态Ta-10W合金具有较好的韧性,在所进行的实验中试件表面均未出现可见裂纹;试件材料具有较高的静、动态屈服强度,静态屈服强度达到930 MPa,动态屈服强度在1 GPa以上,在所进行的700~3 100 s-1应变率范围内,材料的动态屈服强度随应变率的增加略有提高。     

Shear band formation and ductility in bulk metallic glass

The variations in the chemical compositions of the metallic glasses reported in the literature, as well as the overall lack of experimental data concerning the inhomogeneous deformation behaviour of metallic glass, make the evaluation of the effects of shear band/fracture behaviour on the mechanical properties of metallic glasses difficult. Isolating the effect of local shear band formation on bulk inhomogeneous flow would appear to be a first step in approaching this problem. The mechanical behaviour of Vitreloy metallic glass at room temperature and at various strain rates in tension and compression was investigated. The formation of multiple shear bands was observed at high strain rates. An increase in strain rate leads to enhanced ductility in tension and compression. Some aspects of the deformation processes in tension and compression are discussed.