用两束真空紫外激光和离子速度成像方法测量~(12)C~(16)O分子在108000～113200 cm~(-1)能量范围的解离通道分支比:生成O(~1D)通道的观测（英文）

本文利用两束可调谐真空紫外激光和离子速度成像的方法测量了CO在108000～113200 cm~(-1)光解离通道分支比[C(~3P_0)+O(~1D)]/{[C(~3P_0)+O(~3P)]+[C(~3P_0)+O(~1D)]}和[C(~3P_2)+O(~1D)]/{[C(~3P_2)+O(~3P)]+[C(~3P_2)+O(~1D)]}.本文先用一束真空紫外激光将CO分子激发至特定的高激发量子态并发生解离,接着用另一束真空外激光选择性地电离C(~3P_0)和C(~3P_2)并进行探测.1VUV+1UV/visible共振增强多光子电离的方法大大提高了实验的探测灵敏度,使得之前没有观测到的较弱的吸收带也首次被观测到.通过分支比的测量,发现自旋禁阻的解离通道C(~3P_0)+O(~1D)和C(~3P_2)+O(~1D)只在某些分立的较窄能量范围内才能被观测到.这可能是由于直接激发的高里德堡态和解离到上述自旋禁阻通道的价态在这些能量范围内发生了共振的自旋-轨道耦合相互作用.     

2-甲基-2-丙烯-1-醇的光电离解离研究

利用可调谐真空紫外同步辐射和分子束实验装置在8.0～15.5 eV的光子能量范围内,研究2-甲基-2-内烯-1-醇的光电离解离.测出母体离子和碎片离子:C_4H_8O~+、C_4H_7O~+、C_3H_5O~+、C_4H_7~+、C_4H_6~+、C_4H_5~+、C_2H_4O~+、C_2H_3O~+、C_3H_6~+、C_3H_5~+、C_3H_3~+、CH_3O~+和CHO~+的光电离效率曲线,并获得母体分子的电离能和碎片离子的实验出现势.在B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)理论水平上,计算光电离过程中母体分子、过渡态和中间体的稳定结构.采用CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ耦合簇方法计算零点能,得到母体电离能和碎片离子的出现势.通过实验和理论研究,提出2-甲基-2-丙烯-1-醇的光解离路径,分子内氢转移是其中大部分解离途径中的主要过程.     

环戊酮C_5H_8O的同步辐射真空紫外光电离解离研究

利用同步辐射光源,研究了环戊酮(C5H8O)在真空紫外105～140 nm波段的光电离和光解离过程.通过质谱测量各离子的光电离效率曲线,得到了该分子的垂直电离能及主要碎片离子的出现势.从理论上利用G3方法,计算了母体和中性及离子碎片的结构和能量,估算了各解离通道所需的解离能.结合实验测量值和理论计算值,指认出环戊酮分子可能的光电离解离通.     

用两束真空紫外激光和离子速度成像方法测量12C16O分子在108000∽113200 cm-1能量范围的解离通道分支比：生成O(1D)通道的观测

本文利用两束可调谐真空紫外激光和离子速度成像的方法测量了CO在108000∽113200 cm^-1光解离通道分支比[C(³P₀)+O(¹D)]/{[C(³P₀)+O(³P)]+[C(³P₀)+O(¹D)]}和[C(³P₂)+O(¹D)]/{[C(³P₂)+O(³P)]+[C(³P₂)+O(¹D)]}. 本文先用一束真空紫外激光将CO分子激发至特定的高激发量子态并发生解离，接着用另一束真空外激光选择性地电离C(³P₀)和C(³P₂)并进行探测. 1VUV+1UV/visible共振增强多光子电离的方法大大提高了实验的探测灵敏度，使得之前没有观测到的较弱的吸收带也首次被观测到. 通过分支比的测量，发现自旋禁阻的解离通道C(³P₀)+O(¹D)和C(³P₂)+O(¹D) 只在某些分立的较窄能量范围内才能被观测到. 这可能是由于直接激发的高里德堡态和解离到上述自旋禁阻通道的价态在这些能量范围内发生了共振的自旋-轨道耦合相互作用.     

紫外光解动力学DNCO+hv→D+NCO:两个竞争解离通道（英文）

本文利用D原子里德堡态时间飞行谱研究了DNCO分子在波长200～235 nm范围的光解动力学.实验测量了产物的平动能分布和空间角分布.在210～235 nm光解离下,观测到接近统计分布和各向同性的产物,该产物有可能来自从S_1势能面内转换到S_0势能面,然后在S_0势能面上解离.在更短的解离波长下,除了统计分布的产物,另外一种分布的产物出现在高平动能的地方,具有很高的各向异性,该产物来自从S_1势能面上的直接解离.相比较HNCO的解离结果,DNCO直接解离通道出现在更高的激发能量.通过对NCO产物内能态的归属,发现NCO产物主要是弯曲振动激发和适当的伸缩振动激发.     

制备囚禁冷离子的振动压缩量子态

基于非Lamb-Dicke近似下激光-离子相互作用的动力学规律,讨论了如何利用一系列的激光脉冲来驱动囚禁冷离子.从囚禁冷离子的运动基态出发获得压缩相干态、压缩奇偶相干态、压缩真空态等一系列的振动数态的叠加态.结果表明,只要适当地调节各个所用激光脉冲的长度和相位,总能很好逼近所需要的压缩量子态. 关键词： 囚禁冷离子 激光脉冲 压缩量子态     

迭代的多组态相互作用方法（英文）

本文提出了迭代的组态相互作用方法(IMRCI).IMRCI被用来计算H_2O和CH_2(单重态和三重态)在平衡态和远离平衡时的电子能量.IMRCI、MP2、MP3、MP4、CCSD和CCSD(T)还用来计算H_2O、CH_2(单重态和双重态)和N_2的势能曲线.这些计算结果表明IMRCI的结果不依赖初始的多参考态组态函数,并能较快地收敛到完全组态相互作用的计算结果.相比完全组态相互作用的结果,仅需2至4次迭代,IMRCI的误差就能达到10~(-5)hartree数量级.另外,IMRCI还提供了寻找势能面上主要电子组态的一个有效途径.这将有助于单参考态和多参考态理论模型得到准确的计算结果.     

Photodissociation Exploration for Near-Visible UV Absorption of Molecular Bromine

对Br2分子在可见-近紫外吸收带的光解离行为进行了研究. 运用波包动力学方法在ab initio势能面的基础上获得了分立电子态的激发截面和电子态跃迁的吸收光谱,同时也确定了溴原子碎片的相对量子产额. 对解离途径中可能涉及到的非绝热机制进行了考察.结果表明, 电子-振动耦合作用对(Br*+Br)产物通道的影响是可以忽略的,并借助于Landau-Zener模型获得了两个不同对称性的电子态B3Π+0u和C1Πu之间的耦合强度.     

基于单个量子级联激光器的大气多组分测量方法

利用单个新型中红外量子级联激光器作为激光光源,结合长程光学吸收池技术开展了大气多组分同时测量方法的研究.通过结合基于自适应性Savitzky-Golay滤波的数据处理算法,有效地提高了系统检测灵敏度和光谱分辨率.研究结果表明,在1 s的时间分辨率和1 atm压力条件下,采用二次微分探测技术可实现CO,N_2O和H_2O测量精度分别为8.20 ppb,7.90 ppb和64.00 ppm(1 ppb=10~(-9),1 ppm=10~(-6));通过提高信号平均时间,在最佳的积分时间(85 s)时,系统可实现的最小检测限分别为1.25 ppb(CO),1.15 ppb(N_2O)和35.77 ppm(H_2O).整个系统具有结构紧凑,成本相对较低,通过选择其他波段的量子级联激光器的激光光源,即可实现对其他分子的实时分析.本系统可广泛应用于大气化学等领域的应用研究.     

分子在真空紫外区的相干辐射光谱及转动温度的测量

本文报道的是作者利用分子作为介质,通过非线性光学过程（四波和频,三次谐波）在真空紫外波段产生宽带可调谐相干光的理论和实验研究及其结果,实验产生的宽波段可调谐激光输出为建成完备的小型真空紫外激光光源奠定了基础。此文还报道了作者用该光源在XUV波希成功测量分子转动温度的方法和结果。     

Relative intensities in x-ray photoelectron spectra. Part VI. The spectra of He(I), He(II), Y Mζ and Zr Mζ

The 2s- and 2p-electron photoionization cross-sections at photon energies up to 190 eV have been calculated, using the RPAE method for averaged configurations of the C, N, O and Ne atoms. The RPAE method ensures a more accurate relation between the cross-sections, 2s/2p, than that obtained using the Hartree—Fock method. Within the framework of the Gelius—Siegbahn model, but with the use of theoretical atomic cross-sections, we have calculated the photoionization cross-sections for He(I), He(II), Y Mζ, Zr Mζ for CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, NH₃, H₂O, CN^?, N₂, CO, CO₂, N₂O and NO₂^? molecules. For CO, N₂, CO₂, N₂O and H₂O molecules, a comparison is made between the theoretical and experimental cross-sections for hν < 60 eV. The calculated absolute and relative values of the molecular-orbital cross-sections are in reasonable agreement with experiment, especially at hν ? 40 eV. The calculations correctly reproduce the change in intensities under the transition He(I) → He(II). We have shown that our calculations have a significant advantage over those performed using the PW and OPW approximations. It is shown for NO, N₂, CO, H₂O, CH₄, NH₃ and N₂O molecules that the total photoionization cross-section calculated taking into account the real structure of the molecular orbitals is in better agreement with the experimental photoabsorption cross-section than is the sum of the cross-sections for the atoms in a molecule.     

Isotopic effects of the N(2D) + H2 → NH + H reaction: a quantum time-dependent wave packet investigation

Based on the potential energy surface reported by Li and co-workers (J. Comput. Chem. 34 1686–1696 (2013)), the dynamics calculations of N(²D)?+?H₂(v ₀?=?0, j ₀?=?0) reaction and its isotopic variants HD and D₂ are studied using time-dependent wave packet method in the collision energy range of 0.01–1.0?eV. Dynamics properties such as reaction probability, differential cross section, and integral cross section are studied at state-to-state level of theory. Present values are compared with available theoretical and experimental results. The results indicate that the integral cross sections of N(²D)?+?D₂ reaction are in general good agreement with the experimental data at collision energy below 0.15?eV. The rotational state-resolved integral cross sections of N(²D)?+?H₂/HD/D₂ reactions are compared with experimental values for the first time, with the obtained values being in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Cu(100)表面上H2/D2散射的六维态-态量子动力学研究：位点平均模型的有效性

基于由optPBE-vdW密度泛函计算的数千个数据点拟合得到的精确的神经网络势能面,本文采用含时波包方法对H₂/D₂在刚性Cu(100)表面上的态-态散射进行了六维量子动力学计算. 与以往的理论和实验比较了H₂和D₂在Cu(100)中的振转(非)弹性散射的结果. 特别是通过将六维的(非)弹性散射几率与从十五个位点加权平均四维几率的结果比较,测试了在该体系中位点平均近似模型的有效性. 具体来说,位点平均模型很好地重现了振动弹性散射几率,尽管对于高能下的振动非弹性散射结果没那么好. 结果说明在未来研究重双原子或多原子分子从金属表面的态-态散射动力学时,可以使用位点平均模型来降低全维计算过高的成本.     

Laser-heating diamond anvil cell studies of simple molecular systems at high pressures and temperatures

We report the application of new laser-heating techniques and sample preparation procedures for simple molecular materials (diatomic molecules and water) under high pressure in the diamond anvil cell (DAC). Both continuous and pulsed laser heating was employed. We probed the materials using Raman spectroscopy and also by analyzing the time evolution of the temperature of the metallic coupler that is used to absorb laser radiation and heat the sample. Raman measurements of H₂, D₂, N₂, H₂O and O₂ show a broadening of intramolecular vibrations at high P−T conditions, indicating a decreasing molecular lifetime, and hence suggest an increasing molecular dissociation. In diatomic molecules the intramolecular bonding can be further probed by observations of sidebands corresponding to vibrational transitions from excited states; the energies of these sidebands imply intramolecular potentials that become increasingly less anharmonic as pressure is increased. We also show that the pulsed heating technique combined with instantaneous radiative temperature measurements provides a useful tool for studies of thermochemical properties and phase transformation boundaries.     

Penning ionization electron spectroscopy of H2O,D2O,H2S and SO2

Electron energy peak shifts and peak shapes were determined in the ionization of H₂O, D₂O, H₂S and SO₂ by Ne(³P₂) and He(2¹S, 2³S) metastable atoms. The shifts are large, especially in ionization of H₂O and D₂O into the ionic ground state and are probably mostly due to chemical interaction during the collision.In a previous paper the electron energy distribution curves for ionization of CO, HCl, HBr, N₂O, NO₂, CO₂, COS and CS₂ by helium, neon and argon metastables and the characteristics of this ionization were described¹. In this paper the series of triatomic molecules was extended to the molecules H₂O, D₂O, H₂S and SO₂. Because all these molecules have considerable dipole moments it could be expected that the peak shifts might be enhanced as compared with other triatomic molecules.     

Broadening of absorption lines of the v2 band of the H2S molecule by the pressure of atmospheric gases

The broadening coefficients γ of absorption lines of the v₂ band of H₂S molecules due to the pressure of molecular gases H₂S (self-broadening), H₂O, N₂, O₂, H₂, D₂, and CO₂ have been calculated by the semiclassical methods. A satisfactory agreement with the experimental data available for some lines has been achieved. In all cases, the parameters of an analytical model allowing the reconstruction of the calculated and experimental values of γ have been determined. For the case of line self-broadening, the calculation has been performed for several temperatures in the range 296 K ≤ T ≤ 1300 K and the parameters determining the temperature dependence of γ have been obtained.     

Analysis of femtosecond laser ionization/dissociation of polyatomic molecule C6H10O from one-colour pump-probe measurement

This paper reports that a one-colour fs pump-probe measurement has been carried out for studying photoionization/photodissociation of cyclohexanone (C6H10O) in intense laser field. Two of the fragments from cyclohexanone, C2H3+ and C3H3+ , are studied under 800 nm laser pump-probe and the results obtained show similar time evolutions. It proposes a feasible model for analysing the experimental observations of the one-colour fs pump-probe measurement. The results demonstrate that as an intermediate product, the excited molecular parent ions play a very important role in photionization/photodissociation processes in intense laser field.     

A rapid-scan device for the determination of spectral line profiles in pulsed discharges

The results of a time-of-flight experiment are presented, in which the total cross-sections for 2–400 eV positrons on H₂, D₂, N₂, and CO were measured.     

Ionization of nitrogen,oxygen, water,and carbon dioxide molecules by near-threshold electron impact

An experimental technique for measuring the cross sections of direct and dissociative ionization of N₂, O₂, H₂O, and CO₂ molecules by electron impact in the near-threshold energy range is described. The setup used in the experiments allows mass separation of ions with a monopole mass spectrometer. It is shown that such a setup can be used to advantage in separation experiments. For incident electron energies between 7 and 35 eV, the energy dependences of the cross sections of generation of parent ions and ion fragments due to parent molecule dissociation are obtained.