微波灰化-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定植物油中微量铅

采用微波灰化技术处理样品 ,运用断续流动 氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定植物油中的铅 ,探讨了微波灰化条件对铅测定的影响 ;研究了载流和样品酸度、还原剂浓度、基体改进剂以及载流流速对氢化物发生的影响。铅的线性范围为 1 0 0～ 2 0 0 μg·L-1,最低检出限为 0 31μg·L-1,相对标准偏差为 1 84 % ,回收率为 89 2 %～ 97 3%。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的汞

研究了氢化物发生 -原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的总汞 ,在最佳条件下 ,荧光强度与汞浓度在 0—10μg· L-1范围内呈线性关系 ,相关系数为 0 .9997,检出限为 0 .0 4μg· L-1。方法的回收率为 94 .6 %—10 4 .3% ,相对标准偏差不超过 7.2 %。方法具有操作简便、快速、灵敏度高等优点。     

流动注射在线分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的形态

采用单阀阴离子和阳离子交换树脂微柱并联 ,两柱交替采样逆向洗脱流动注射在线分离富集环境水样中Cr(Ⅲ )和Cr(Ⅵ ) ,分别用 15 %HNO3和 8%NH4 NO3洗脱 ,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接检测。富集 1min时Cr(Ⅲ )和Cr(Ⅵ )的特征浓度分别为 :1 5 0 μg·L- 1 和 1 39μg·L- 1 ,Cr(Ⅲ )和Cr(Ⅵ )检出限 (3σ)分别为 1 0 3μg·L- 1 和 0 5 4 μg·L- 1 ;相对标准偏差 (10 μg·L- 1 )分别为 :3 4 1%和 1 80 % ,分析样品加标回收率在 93 5 %～ 10 7 5 %之间。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法检测烟草中痕量砷和铋

用硝酸-高氯酸混合酸消解烟样,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定烟草中的砷、铋等重金属,对前处理酸的用量,样品介质(盐酸)、预还原剂等进行了试验,平行测定烤烟和杀青烟叶样品11次的相对标准偏差为As:1.62%-5.01%,Bi:5.38%-10.13%;方法的检出限为As:0.079μg·L-1,Bi:0.381μg·L-1;检测的线性范围As:0.0-60.0μg·L-1,Bi:0.0-8.0μg.L-1;加标回收率为As:86.7%,Bi:108.0%,测定结果令人满意.     

微波消解和氢化物发生--电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定煤中痕量硒

基于微波消解和氢化物发生电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 ,实现了对煤中痕量硒的测定。采用硝酸 盐酸 氢氟酸消解体系 ,氢化物发生在 3mol·L-1盐酸介质中进行 ,以硼氢化钠为还原剂 ,浓度为 1%。考察了微波消解条件、预还原条件和干扰的影响。方法准确、快速 ,用该法测定国家标准参考物质的结果与推荐值一致 ,并与艾氏剂灼烧法测定结果一致。硒的检出限为 0 3μg·L-1,RSD小于 5 %。     

微乳液进样石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定润滑油中铬

润滑油、Tween80、与 1%硝酸溶液 3种组分按 1.5∶ 3∶ 18的配比可形成稳定的微乳液。本文采用标准加入法 ,微乳液直接进样 ,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定润滑油中铬。进样量为 2 0 μL,对最佳原子化条件进行了试验。方法的精密度为 6.6%,检出限为 0 .0 5 2μg· m L-1,回收率为 91.7%— 10 2 .5 %。     

荧光光谱法测定血中的三氟拉嗪

利用固相萃取技术分离血中三氟拉嗪 ,荧光法进行了测定。方法的线性范围为 0 .1— 30μg/m L ,回收率为 75 %— 86 % ,相对标准偏差为 2 .7%— 5 .2 % ,检出限为 0 .1μg/m L。     

L-半胱氨酸为预还原剂-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定饮用水中的锑

在L-半胱氨酸存在下,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定饮用水中的锑.由于L-半胱氨酸的存在,改善了氢化物发生条件,增敏光谱测定信号,降低了溶液的酸度,过渡金属离子的干扰显著地得到了抑制.其回收率为91.2%-100.2%,检出限为0.35μg·L-1.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定中草药中的痕量铋

研究了氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定中草药中痕量铋的适宜条件, 试验了不同的消解方式、酸介质和还原剂的用量对测定铋的影响。在最佳测定条件下, 铋的线性范围为0.1～200 μg·L-1, 检出限为0.094 6 μg·L-1。仪器的相对标准偏差为0.55%, 加标回收率为94%～107%。结果表明本法具有快速、简便和准确等特点。     

化妆品中铅、镉含量的测定

原子吸收光谱法测定了化妆品中的铅和镉 ,铅和镉分别在 0 .5 0— 10 .0 0 μg·m L-1和 0 .2 0— 8.0 0 μg·m L-1范围内有良好的线性关系 ,相关系数分别为 r=0 .9989和 r=0 .9997;标准偏差分别为 RSD≤1.6 7%和 RSD≤ 4 .71% ;标准加入法测定铅和镉的回收率分别为 93.5 %— 10 6 .0 %和 94 .0 %— 10 5 .5 %。方法简单 ,结果准确。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.