低维半导体异质结中的量子相干红外发射机理理论研究

给出了一种在非粒子反转条件下量子阱和量子点激光器的红外发射机理.此种红外发射是基于在同一作用区产生并作为红外场相干源的两种带间跃迁激光场的共振非线性混合.这种频率下转换机理并不依赖于在半导体激活媒质中的长时相干假定条件,在室温和泵注入电流条件下仍然有效.频率下转换的固有效率可以达到相当于每个可见光子产生一个红外光子的量子极限值.根据红外发射的可参变特性,这种非粒子反转的方法尤其适用于长波红外工作范围.     

多光束相干控制光学跃迁的理论研究

根据量子干涉的基本原理，研究了在多束相干激光场作用下分子或凝聚态体系光学跃迁几率与光场的相位关系，推导了作为相干控制基础的多路径光学跃迁的一般模型及其特殊情形的跃迁几率的关系表达式，归纳了已有的相干控制激发方案，提出的频域的相干控制可用统一的量子理论描述，理论研究的结果表明，对多路径量子跃迁过程，在相干外场的作用下，会引起态的量子干涉，使总跃迁几率的大小随外场的相位变化而改变，这是实现与光学跃迁过     

半导体中相干控制光电流对光场的偏振依赖性

采用黄金定则方法和Kane六能带模型，分析了半导体中的量子干涉控制光生电流效应.计算了不同偏振光场下载流子在动量空间的初始布居分布，从微观上阐明了相干电流对光场的偏振依赖特性.在平行线偏振情况下，相干电流方向沿光场的偏振方向；而在正交线偏振情况下，电流方向与倍频光的偏振方向相同.还证明了只有当单光子跃迁和双光子跃迁相平衡时才能获得最大的电流注入效率. 关键词： 量子干涉 光电流 线偏振光     

锗硅量子阱中近带边光跃迁的理论和实验研究

本文研究了SiGe/Si量子阱中近带边光跃迁的产生机制,对由杂质无规分布引起的近带边光跃迁给出了一个物理模型。用此模型计算了光跃迁偶极矩,给出了跃迁偶极矩的上限。提出了未掺杂SiGe/Si量子阱中近带边光跃迁的一种跃迁机制,认为是Ge原子周围波函数畸变的集体行为。用MBE方法生长了掺杂SiGe/Si量子阱材料,在低温下观测到近带边光跃迁。     

半导体量子点中极化子的跃迁能量

研究了半导体量子点中极化子的激发态性质。采用Huybrechts线性组合算符和幺正变换方法,计算了量子点中极化子的振动频率、基态能量、第一激发态能量、由第一激发态向基态的跃迁能量和跃迁频率。分别讨论了电子-LO声子在强弱两种耦合情况下极化子的跃迁能量和跃迁频率。数值计算结果表明,跃迁能量ΔE和跃迁频率ω均随量子点有效受限长度l₀的增加而减少,且随电子-声子耦合强度α的增加而减少。     

用推广的平面波展开法检验平面内极化的电子子带跃迁

把平面波展开包络函数的方法推广到求解8带的哈密顿量，使它同时包括Γ^c₁和Γ^v₁₅．在这种方法里，可以考虑反演不对称性、能带的非抛物性、有效质量不连续性以及自旋轨道耦合等效应的影响．作为应用，计算了两个量子阱结构的子带和光跃迁概率．实验上在这两个结构中观察到了平面内极化的电子子带跃迁．计算表明这种跃迁的概率很小．实验上观察到的平面内极化的电子子带吸收可能有其他的机制 关键词：     

分子晶体管的新构想

美国理论物理学家设计了一种新的方法来构造分子晶体管．来自亚利桑那大学的David Cardamone等人说，量子干涉效应晶体管是将现有晶体管技术推进到纳米尺度的可行途径．这种器件的基本原理是通过调整碳氢化合物环状分子结构中的电流来控制量子干涉的开关状态．     

具有新型有源区的量子级联探测器(特邀)

量子级联探测器是一种光伏型的子带间跃迁红外探测器,通过厚度渐变的啁啾量子阱中台阶状的子带分布,产生内建电场,使得有源区中的光生载流子定向输运,器件工作时无需外加偏压,避免了暗电流噪声的产生,能够实现室温长波红外响应。由于子带间跃迁吸收系数小、具有偏振选择性,量子级联探测器目前存在响应率低、对正入射响应无响应、探测率对温度敏感等问题。针对这些问题,本文介绍三种新型量子级联探测器有源区的设计,包括量子点/阱耦合、束缚-微带斜跃迁和小能量台阶有源区,在中波、长波和甚长波波段展现出优良的器件性能。     

N型掺杂应变Ge发光性质

应变锗材料具有准直接带特性,而且与标准硅工艺兼容,成为实现硅基发光器件重要的候选材料之一.本文基于vandeWalle形变势理论,计算了应变情况下半导体Ge材料的能带结构以及载流子在导带中的分布;通过分析载流子直接带和间接带间的辐射复合以及俄歇复合、位错等引起的非辐射复合的竞争,计算了N型掺杂张应变Ge材料直接带跃迁的内量子效率和光增益等发光性质.结果表明,张应变可有效增强Ge材料直接带隙跃迁发光.在1.5%张应变条件下,N型掺杂Ge的最大内量子效率可以达到74.6%,光增益可以与III-V族材料相比拟.     

Si/SiGe量子级联激光器研究进展

Si／SiGe量子级联激光器是一种新型的带内跃迁的红外光源，突破了Si基材料间接带隙特性对光跃迁的限制。Si/SiGe量子级联激光器的开发将为实现太赫兹有源器件的硅基集成产生深远影响。文章介绍了Si/SiGe量子级联激光器的工作原理，以及这类激光器在能带设计、材料生长和波导制作方面的最新进展。     

X－型波导全光开关的优化设计

依据耦合模理论与光束传播法（Ｂｅａｍｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄ），提出了由Ｘ结波导到交叉波导的系列化全光开关设计。此设计方法可以对不同的材料（自聚焦、自散焦）、不同的非线性折射率和波长等进行波导全光开关优化设计。     

N × N集成光开关阵列模型

报道了由2N个1 × N 多模干涉马赫-曾德尔光开关组成的N × N光开关阵列结构,分析了这种结构的开关阵列优势和局限性.用场传输矩阵方法建立了1 × N多模干涉光开关的光场传输方程.给出了光开关阵列从任一输入端输入、从任一输出端输出时阵列开关的工作条件.在上述原理及理论基础上分析了4×4光开关阵列的结构和工作条件.     

Transverse optical patterns for ultra‐low‐light‐level all‐optical switching

We review recent theoretical and experimental efforts toward developing an all‐optical switch based on transverse optical patterns. Transverse optical patterns are formed when counterpropagating laser beams interact with a nonlinear medium. A perturbation, in the form of a weak switch beam injected into the nonlinear medium, controls the orientation of the generated patterns. Each state of the pattern orientation is associated with a state of the switch. That is, information is stored in the orientation state. A realization of this switch using a warm rubidium vapor shows that it can be actuated by as few as 600 ± 40 photons with a response time of 5 µs. Models of nonlinear optical interactions in semiconductor quantum wells and microresonators suggest these systems are also suitable for use as fast all‐optical switches using this same conceptual design, albeit at higher switching powers.     

Electromagnetically induced grating in a four-level tripod-type atomic system

An electromagnetically induced grating in a four-level tripod-type atomic system is studied theoretically. By virtue of a weak standing-wave signal field, the phase modulation effectively diffracts a weak probe field into the first-order direction. By changing the weak signal field, the diffraction of the weak probe field can be modulated in real time, and a first-order diffraction efficiency of more than 32% can be obtained with proper parameters. Such a system has a potential application in an all-optical switch controlled by a weak optical signal.     

Optical switch phenomenon in a self-defocusing medium

A spatial optical switch phenomenon caused by the induced focusing of a weak probe beam occurring in self-defoeusing nonlinear media is discussed theoretically. A weak beam is induced to focus when it copropagates with an intense pump beam under the conditions that the probe and pump beams peak at different positions and propagate in different directions. Due to the effect of cross-phase modulation, the weak beam can not only be focused but also be deflected. The phenomenon is discussed by numerically solving the coupled amplitude equations.     

与偏振无关双向2×2和4×4自由空间光开关

利用成熟的偏振控制技术，设计了一种由偏振光分束器、相位型空间光调制器和反射镜构成的2×2光开关，该光开关所用器件少，具有结构简单紧凑、控制灵活方便、功能实现与信号光的偏振态无关以及可以双向交换等特点；在此基础上通过2×2光开关的串连，设计了一种与偏振无关的双向4×4光开关的实验模块，根据其路由选择与控制方法，得到了4×4光开关实现信号光全排列无阻塞输出与交换对应的路由状态表，并对该实验模块的功能实现进行了详细的分析与讨论。     

光梯度力驱动的纳米硅基光开关

通过一道光改变另一道光的传输路线是光子集成网络中重要而长远的目标, 然而, 由于硅材料的光学非线性较弱, 在硅材料上实现开关的全光控制难以实现. 因此本文提出了一种由光梯度力驱动的纳米硅基光开关, 实现了硅基光开关的全光控制. 该光开关由一个部分悬空的微环谐振器和一个交叉波导结构构成, 当通入一道控制光时, 悬空的微环谐振器在光梯度力的作用下发生弯曲, 微环谐振器的谐振波长随之发生变化, 从而实现光信号的传输路线发生改变. 该光开关利用纳米光子制造技术在标准绝缘体上硅晶圆上制造, 实验数据得出其最小消光比为10.67 dB, 最大串扰为 -11.01 dB, 开关时间分别为180 ns和170 ns. 该光开关具有尺寸小, 响应速度快, 低损耗和可拓展等优点, 在片上集成光路、高速信号处理以及下一代光纤通信网络中具有潜在应用.     

Polarization-independent bidirectional 4×4 optical switch in free space

Optical switches play an important role in all optical communication networks and multiprocessor computer systems. The 2×2 and 4×4 optical switches are the basic units of large-scale switch matrices. Using a conventional polarization control method, the optical switch system and structure is optimized, and a novel optical switch is proposed, which has the advantages of relatively low crosstalk and insertion loss, compact and simple construction, higher performance and cost effectiveness. First, a novel 2×2 optical switch is proposed using phase spatial light modulator (PSLM), polarizing beam splitter (PBS) and mirror. This configuration uses fewer optical components, is compact in structure, efficient in performance, and insensitive to polarization of the signal beam. Second, a new optical experimental module of 4×4 optical switch is presented by cascading a 2×2 optical switch. The routing method of polarization-independent bidirectional 4×4 optical switch is investigated. Finally, the operational characteristics of the polarization-independent bidirectional 2×2 and 4×2 optical switches are discussed in detail.     

A new form of optical transmission system using 1 × 6 optical switch

Optical switches are useful for various optical systems. This paper describes a new form of optical transmission system, using 1 × 6 optical switch with built-in optical multiplexer. The insertion loss of the optical switch was 3.1 dB (including filter loss of 1.4 dB). This switch is useful for a traffic monitoring system, and its transmission characteristics were measured. The measured signal-to-noise ratio is 44 dB when the switch is applied to a 2-km video transmission line.     

A new form of optical transmission system using 1 × 6 optical switch

Optical switches are useful for various optical systems. This paper describes a new form of optical transmission system, using 1 × 6 optical switch with built-in optical multiplexer. The insertion loss of the optical switch was 3.1 dB (including filter loss of 1.4 dB). This switch is useful for a traffic monitoring system, and its transmission characteristics were measured. The measured signal-to-noise ratio is 44 dB when the switch is applied to a 2-km video transmission line.