新型可调远红外激光光谱仪及CHF3和SO2的纯转动光谱

文章报道与英国剑桥大学合作建立的新型可调远红外激光光谱仪的技术特点和工作原理。该光谱仪利用二极管的非线性特性 ,将CO2 激光泵浦产生的远红外激光与微波进行混频 ,得到边带远红外激光辐射 ,调节微波频率来实现边带远红外激光的扫描。利用该谱仪观测了CHF3 振动基态J =34～ 33,K =0 ～15和SO2 基态的 194,16～ 183 ,15,382 ,3 6～ 373 ,3 5纯转动光谱 ,并对它们进行了标识。     

CF X^2П（ν=1）远红外及NO X^2П（ν←0）中红外激光磁共振光谱的标识

根据塞曼效应理论和浙江磁共振（LMR）光谱原理,本文建立一了套用于标识激光磁共振光谱的模型方法,并成功地对CF X^2П（ν=1）远红外及NO X^2П（ν←0）中红外激光磁共振光谱进行了标识。为新自由基分子的激光磁共振光谱提供了快速而准确的方法。     

CF X2Π（υ＝1）远红外及NO X2Π（υ＝1←0）中红外激光磁共振光谱的标识

根据塞曼效应理论和激光磁共振 (LMR)光谱原理 ,本文建立了一套用于标识激光磁共振光谱的模型方法 ,并成功地对CFX2 Π(υ =1)远红外及NOX2 Π(υ =1← 0 )中红外激光磁共振光谱进行了标识。为新自由基分子的激光磁共振光谱提供了快速而准确的标识方法     

烷烃类分子对NC0（A^2∑^＋）自由基的猝灭

采用激光光解—激光诱导荧光(LP—LIF)的方法，用266nm激光光解CHBr3分子产生CH自由基，再与N2O继续反应作为NCO自由基的产生源，用438．6nm激光将电子基态X^2∏i(00^10)的NCO激励到激发态A^2∑^+(00^00)上，通过检测激发态NCO时间分辨荧光信号，测得室温(298K)下NCO(A^2∑^+)被烷烃类分子猝灭的实验结果，获得了A^2∑^+(00^00)态猝灭速率常数．实验发现，随着烷烃分子中C—H键数增加，其猝灭截面也近线性增加，但随着分子体积增大，这种增加趋缓．     

激光溅射Cu等离子体与气相CH3CN团簇的反应

用激光溅射 -分子束技术研究了Cu等离子体与乙腈团簇的气相反应 .观察到Cu+ (CH3 CN) n、CH2 CN+ (CH3 CN) n、H+ (CH3 CN) n 和CH3 CHCN+ (CH3 CN) n 四个种类的团簇离子 .考察了等离子体作用于脉冲分子束的不同位置 ,对团簇产物的种类和尺寸大小的影响 .实验结果表明 ,Cu+ (CH3 CN) n 是由Cu+ 与乙腈团簇直接缔合而成 ,CH2 CN+ (CH3 CN) n、H+ (CH3 CN) n 主要是激光等离子体中的电子与乙腈团簇碰撞电离产生的 ,而CH3 CHCN+ (CH3 CN) n 是由乙腈团簇离子内的离子 分子反应生成的 .     

激光溅射Ni等离子体与气相CH3OH团簇的反应

用激光溅射 分子束技术研究了气相中Ni的等离子体与甲醇分子团簇的反应 .观察到Ni+ (CH3 OH) n、NiO+ (CH3 OH) n、H+ (CH3 OH) n、H3 O+ (CH3 OH) n 四个种类的团簇正离子和CH3 O-(CH3 OH) n(n≤ 2 5 )一种团簇负离子 .详细考察了激光烧蚀等离子体作用于脉冲分子束的不同位置时 ,对团簇产物种类和团簇尺寸大小的影响 .发现NiO+ (CH3 OH) n 是由Ni+ (CH3 OH) n 团簇内的脱甲烷反应生成的 ,而H+ (CH3 OH) n、H3 O+ (CH3 OH) n主要是激光等离子体中的电子与甲醇团簇碰撞电离产生的     

一种高信噪比的双光束激光光声光谱仪原理及应用

作为一种新兴的检测手段 ,激光光声光谱技术与其他检测技术相比具有很多优点。本文设计的光声光谱仪用激光做光源 ,有两个光声池 ,分别用来放置参考样品和待测样品 ,输出结果为二者光声信号的比值。利用这一比值 ,可以由参考样品的性能参数方便地求出待测样品的相关性能参数。该光声光谱仪有效地减小了本底吸收噪声的影响 ,提高了信噪比 ,扩大了固体光声理论的应用范围。本文还阐述了该光声光谱仪在定性定量分析中的一些应用     

燃烧产物组成激光诱导荧光光谱的测量

对激光诱导荧光（LIF）光谱技术在燃烧过程中的应用进行研究，介绍测量燃烧过程中常见自由基OH和NO的LIF光谱的实验方案，以及采用激光诱导荧光光谱技术测量小分子荧光光谱的方法，利用YAG激光器、染料激光器、CO2激光器、光谱仪、ICCD等设备对燃烧产物中常见小分子自由基OH和NO进行了测量，从实验中得到了自由基OH和NO的荧光光谱。实验结果表明，荧光光谱与激发波长无关，但是激发波长改变后，荧光强度因离开最佳波长而有所下降，这符合分子荧光光谱的特征。与其他光谱技术相比，激光诱导荧光光谱技术具有极高的选择性和灵敏度。     

放电辅助激光溅射气相金属化合物分子和离子的产生装置

结合脉冲放电气体束和激光溅射技术,开发了一套产生气相金属化合物分子和离子的装置。利用飞行时间质谱测试了金属铜靶与不同气体反应的离子产物和效率,并利用激光诱导荧光光谱方法测量了自由基分子产物的状态。测试结果表明,该装置可有效产生气相金属化合物自由基分子和离子,而且产物转动温度低,为下一步开展高精度金属化合物分子自由基电子态激光光谱研究打下了基础。     

LIBS和Raman光谱的VOCs在线探测

作为一种主要的大气污染物,挥发性有机物（VOCs）因其对大气环境极强的破坏性和生理毒性而受到广泛的关注,在线探测大气中挥发性有机物是一个极具挑战性的工作。将激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）与Raman光谱相结合,分别从原子发射光谱及分子结构信息角度对挥发性有机物进行了分析。在线原位检测得到的LIBS光谱观测到了Br元素特征谱线及N,O和H等空气所含元素特征谱线。实验成功探测到了挥发在空气中的邻氟溴苯,对于大气中溴的探测及其相关反应机理研究提供了支持。对于高能激光作用下产生的CN和C₂自由基分子,具体分析了二者产生机理。激光脉冲使空气中的氮气和邻氟溴苯的苯电离分解,邻氟溴苯中的碳原子与空气中的氮发生反应,会形成高温的等离子体,其中的碳氮原子再重新自由组合从而形成CN自由基并自发辐射,通过光谱仪可采集到该自由基的自发辐射的分子谱。待测样品邻氟溴苯分子含有苯环,分子中存在多个碳原子。在强激光作用下邻氟溴苯分子发生光解离,易于形成C₂自由基分子,并辐射产生C₂自由基光谱。实验验证了C₂自由基来自于邻氟溴苯样品里的苯环基团。为增加对挥发性有机物分子结构信息的了解,Raman光谱在线探测的引入很有必要。在样品Raman光谱实验结果的基础上,结合了密度泛函理论（DFT）对其振动模式及分布进行了计算拟合,对其振动产生的特征峰进行了标定并获得了其特征光谱指纹。强度较高的4个峰（310,833,1 036和1 244 cm-1）是C-Br键及C-F键振动表征,特别是前二者（310和833 cm-1）显示存在溴、氟原子位移,可作为该分子的特征光谱指纹对其进行识别。实验证明,LIBS与Raman光谱相结合应用至VOCs的在线探测具有很好的效果,对相关探测工作具有重要参考价值。     

基于差频中红外激光的痕量气体高分辨光谱检测研究

研究了基于差频光源的高分辨中红外激光光谱检测系统,差频中红外光源使用两台近红外半导体激光器作为种子光源,采用PPLN晶体作为非线性混频器件,结合准相位匹配技术实现了3.2～3.7μm中红外相干光源输出,最大差频输出功率约为1μW.以CH4为例检验了系统的高分辨红外光谱检测特性,选择CH4分子3028.751cm-1 v3基频吸收线作为分析谱线,10cm光程的检测限为0.8ppm.光谱数据分析表明,系统检测限主要受到标准具光学噪音的限制.     

New possibilities for frequency stabilization of far infrared lasers

All spectrometers based on the use of a far infrared laser present the drawback of the laser frequency uncertainty. Even if the knowledge of the laser frequency is very precise, a shift of the laser cavity length is always present, limiting the spectrometer frequency accuracy to 500 kHz.The goal of this paper is to give a solution to this drawback in demonstrating the feasibility of a frequency stabilization of the far infrared laser.     

Cu~+、Ag~+、Au~+与乙硫醇的气相化学反应

利用激光溅射 分子束的技术 ,结合反射飞行时间质谱计 ,研究了Cu+、Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇的气相化学反应。结果显示这三种金属离子与 (CH3 CH2 SH) n 反应形成一系列团簇离子M+(CH3 CH2 SH) n,且团簇离子尺寸不一样。Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇的反应还生成了 (CH3 CH2 SH) +n ,由此推测Cu+、Ag+、Au+与乙硫醇团簇的反应存在两种通道 ,一种通道是生成M+(CH3 CH2 SH) n,另一种是生成 (CH3 CH2 SH) +n 。Cu+、Au+与乙硫醇的反应还生成了M+(H2 S) (M =Cu、Au) ,但是实验中没有观察到Ag+(H2 S) ,理论计算表明Ag+(H2 S)很不稳定。另外 ,分析产物离子M+(CH3 CH2 SH) n 的强度发现 ,n =1～ 2之间存在明显的强度突变现象     

Postnatal development of urea synthesis in VLBW-infants as estimated by 15N-ammonium chloride urine test: Differences between AGA- and SGA-Infants

A prototype off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (OA-ICOS) utilizing two identical cavities together with a near-infrared (1.63 μm) external cavity tunable diode laser is described. The two-cavity design—one for a reference gas and one for a sample gas—takes advantage of classical double-beam infrared spectrometer characteristics in reducing uncertainties due to laser scan or power instabilities and major temperature variations by a factor of three or better compared with a single-cavity scheme. This is the first OA-ICOS instrument designed to determine ¹³C/¹²C and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios from CO₂ rotation/vibration fine structure in three different combination bands. Preliminary results indicate that at 0.8 Hz a precision of 3.3 and 2.8 \permil\ is obtained for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, respectively, over a period of 10 h and a pure CO₂ gas sample at 26 hPa. By averaging 100 spectra over a subset of the data, we achieved a precision of 1.6 and 0.8 \permil\ for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, respectively.     

Infrared absorption spectrometer with a broad-band tunable He—Xe laser

The performance of the infrared spectrometer with the tunable 3.5 μm He-¹³⁶Xe laser as a radiation source is characterized as follows: 1) the tuning coverage of 7 cm^?1 by a Zeeman laser with a superconducting solenoid is an order of magnitude broader than that reported in the past, 2) the source frequency modulation of specific amplitude, accompanied by synchronous detection, makes the output free from undulation due to mode hopping, 3) the highly directive laser beam is passed through an absorption cell of about 50 m effective path-length in which the Stark electric field is applicable to absorbing molecules. The high resolution and high sensitivity as well as the broad frequency coverage of the infrared spectrometer are demonstrated in the absorption spectra of some organic gas molecules.     

Spectral characteristics of cascade master/slave/slave injection-locking of laser diodes

We have developed the master/slave/slave laser spectrometer in the blue-wavelength region. It comprises a master/slave laser combination coupled with a second-harmonic generation (SHG) enhancement cavity and a SHG-injected blue diode laser. The total power of 30 mW was obtained and the spectral characteristics and power were measured. Excluding the power of the satellite longitudinal mode of a slave/slave laser, the total power of 422.791 nm light which can be used for the magnetooptic trap for Ca was 25.5 mW.     

Evidence for Stark induced frequency shift in a CH3F fir laser

We report the first direct measurement of the frequency shift induced by the application of an electric field to an optically pumped CH₃F far infrared laser. These shifts are obtained only if the laser resonator is slightly detuned, so that the electric field enhances the cavity pulling effects. The maximum Stark coefficient we observed is about 2 kHz/(Volt/cm), fairly sufficient to allow FM modulation or fast laser frequency stabilization.     

Laser induced electronic acceleration process in nano dot

A physical model of the laser induced electron transport in dielectric with small size is discussed. The model assumes that free electrons are originally existent or produced by impact detrapping. The free electrons transporting in low dimensional dielectrics interact with phonons and surface. When the laser electric field strength is high enough, the inelastic electron scattering such as impact ionization and cascade processes will play important roles. A small size effect has been found in electron absorbing laser energy under the conditions that the laser wavelength is in near infrared zone and the material has size in nanometer level. This is a very significative effect to enlighten us on preparing ultrahigh threshold laser films with new nano-structure.     

Simultaneous 13C/12C and (18)O/(16)O isotope ratio measurements on CO2 based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy

A prototype off-axis integrated cavity output spectrometer (OA-ICOS) utilizing two identical cavities together with a near-infrared (1.63 microm) external cavity tunable diode laser is described. The two-cavity design-one for a reference gas and one for a sample gas-takes advantage of classical double-beam infrared spectrometer characteristics in reducing uncertainties due to laser scan or power instabilities and major temperature variations by a factor of three or better compared with a single-cavity scheme. This is the first OA-ICOS instrument designed to determine 13C/12C and (18)O/(16)O ratios from CO2 rotation/vibration fine structure in three different combination bands. Preliminary results indicate that at 0.8 Hz a precision of 3.3 and 2.8 per thousand is obtained for delta13C and delta(18)O, respectively, over a period of 10 h and a pure CO2 gas sample at 26 hPa. By averaging 100 spectra over a subset of the data, we achieved a precision of 1.6 and 0.8 \permil\ for delta13C and delta(18)O, respectively.