基础实验题B:滤波电路的研究

介绍了第5届全国大学生物理实验竞赛基础实验题B的实验内容,给出了参考解答,并分析了竞赛结果.实验试题B为滤波电路的研究,包括4个小题:一阶RC滤波电路、二阶RC滤波电路、串联谐振选频电路和电学黑盒子.实验既有常规内容,同时也在常规实验的基础上进行了拓展.该试题比较全面地考察了考生的电学基础知识、实验操作能力和利用所掌握的知识解决实际问题的能力.     

用示波器检测电磁学黑盒子实验I——物理奥林匹克选拔赛考题之一

介绍了可以用作物理奥林匹克实验培训的电学黑盒子实验的设计思想、实验内容和相应的参考答案 ,并对用该试题在中国物理奥林匹克集训队考试的结果进行了分析 .     

用示波器检测电磁学黑盒子实验Ⅰ--物理奥林匹克选拔赛考题之一

介绍了可以用作物理奥林匹克实验培训的电学黑盒子实验的设计思想、实验内容和相应的参考答案并对用该试题在中国物理奥林匹克集训队考试的结果进行了分析。     

第42届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题简介

第42届国际物理奥林匹克竞赛中的实验试题为"电学黑盒子——电容式位移传感器"和"力学黑盒子——一个内含小球的圆筒".本文较全面地介绍了试题内容和解答,并在必要时作了简短评论.     

基础实验试题B:直流电路的研究

介绍了第7届全国大学生物理实验竞赛基础实验试题B的实验内容,给出了参考解答,并分析了竞赛结果.基础实验试题B为直流电路的研究,试题包含电阻的测量、二极管的伏安特性曲线、直流单臂电桥、直流电源的输出特性和电学黑盒子等实验内容.试题在常规实验的基础上,进行了综合、扩展以及提升,比较全面地考查了考生的电学基础知识、实验操作水...     

“黑盒子”实验中的电容器

以物理竞赛实验试题为例,讲述了黑盒子实验中电容器元件的判断方法。     

第35届全国中学生物理竞赛决赛实验试题评析

介绍了第35届全国中学生物理竞赛决赛实验试题的实验内容,并给出了试题解析以及竞赛成绩分析.试题1为测量光学玻璃材料的杨氏模量和折射率,可分为3部分:利用洛埃法测量半导体激光器的波长,利用单缝衍射法测定光学玻璃条的杨氏模量,测量厚光学玻璃片的折射率.试题2为测量电学黑盒子,给出其中元件连接的结构和元件性质,利用黑盒子的电路和电容率测量仪等,测量真空电容率和给定介质的相对电容率.实验试题设计性较强,成绩区分度较好.建议学生平时注重基本实验仪器的使用训练,掌握实验技巧,并加强物理基本原理的灵活应用.     

〃黑盒子〃的设计与检测

重庆大学数理学院物理实验中心是全国中学生物理竞赛实验培训基地之一。在该中心开办的培训班中，根据全国中学生物理竞赛实验操作要求，围绕拓展参赛者的思维空间，提高参赛者动手解决实际问题的能力，开设了热学、光学、电学、力学等内容的实验。这些实验内容各具特色，激发了受训同学对物理实验的浓厚兴趣。本文就介绍该中心为竞赛参加者开设的一种电学实验——“黑盒子”实验。     

综合研究性实验题B：基于铌酸锂晶体探究激光与物质的相互作用

介绍了第5届全国大学生物理实验竞赛综合研究性实验题B的命题背景、实验原理、实验任务及试题答案,并对参赛学生的考试结果进行了评析.综合研究性实验题B为基于铌酸锂晶体探究激光与物质的相互作用,包括2部分:探究激光及铌酸锂晶体的基本性能,探究铌酸锂晶体的光折变效应.该综合研究性实验题突出理论与实验相结合,考察学生知识积累、知识获取、实验设计、实验实施、结果分析的全过程的综合实验能力.     

第12届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验题介绍与解答

介绍了第12届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛所考的"导体在振荡磁场中的悬浮"和"光学‘黑盒子'"2个独立实验的试题及竞赛组织者给出的标准解答.     

轨道交通箱型梁腔室结构的减振降噪研究

轨道交通箱型梁在列车荷载作用下产生的低频振动与噪声对人体健康危害很大,针对箱型梁的减振降噪研究具有重要意义。将有限元振动分析理论与声辐射分析边界元法相结合,计算列车荷载作用下箱型梁的结构噪声,并对比分析不同的腔室结构对箱型梁结构噪声辐射的影响。计算结果表明:箱型梁场点结构噪声的辐射受振动水平影响较大;对于不同的腔室结构的箱型梁,跨中场点的最大线性声压级从大到小依次为单箱单室、单箱双室、单箱三室、双箱单室箱型梁;箱型梁采用双箱单室结构形式最有利于结构噪声的控制,且随辐射距离的增加,噪声辐射衰减越快;降低翼缘和腹板振动水平能够有效降低箱型梁结构噪声。分析结果可为城市轨道交通箱型梁的结构减振降噪设计提供一定的理论参考。     

半导体制冷箱的三维有限元优化与实验研究

基于ANSYS平台,建立了半导体制冷箱温度场数值分析的三维模型,对制冷箱的内胆形状、制冷片的布置方位、个数、排列方式以及保温层的厚度进行了仿真并优化,再通过具体实验验证。结果表明:当半导体制冷箱的容积为10升时,制冷片安置在制冷箱的顶面,制冷片的数量为3片且呈三角形方式排列,箱体内胆的长宽高分别为320mm、210mm、150mm,保温层的厚度为20mm时,是一种比较理想的结构,能实现半小时内将环境温度(30℃)降到0～5℃的要求。     

Optimization of the locations of the loudspeaker and absorption material in a small room

The sound field both in the loudspeaker box and in the room is calculated by an analytical solution of three-dimensional wave equation. It is shown in theory that the amplitude response in small rooms is affected by the following positions: driver position on the front panel of the box, box position in the room, absorption material position in the box and absorption material position on the interior walls of the room. Both our computer prediction and experiments prove that the optimum positions are beneficial to the amplitude response.     

混凝土箱梁相似模型结构噪声对比分析*

为探讨混凝土箱梁噪声的时变特性,以京沪高铁32 m混凝土简支箱梁为原型,制作了1:10的缩尺模型,通过模态试验的方法验证箱梁模型与原型的相似关系,通过声学试验验证箱梁声学计算模型的正确性。然后,建立了箱梁缩尺模型与原型两种计算模型,利用有限元和边界元法求出两种模型的瞬态结构噪声。研究发现,箱梁缩尺模型与箱梁原型的材料参数满足一定关系,模型试验的方法能够验证箱梁模型与箱梁原型之间符合相似关系,箱梁模型的振动噪声测试结果能真实反映原型振动噪声水平。两种模型的结构噪声在时域内声压级及对应场点的声压存在一定相似关系。该研究可为箱梁缩尺模型结构噪声反演至箱梁原型提供依据,所采用的方法和得到的结果对桥梁结构振动与声辐射实验研究具有参考作用。     

CFETR极向场磁体馈线系统线圈终端盒初步设计与分析

介绍了中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)极向场线圈馈线系统终端盒(CTB)设计,CTB由外盒体、80K内冷屏、电流引线及超导母线、内部管路系统、阀门系统等子部件组成.利用ANSYS有限元软件,在运行工况和地震工况下对CTB外盒体及内冷屏进行结构强度校核、结构热分析和地震响应分析,得到CTB外盒体的位移、应力分布云图和在地...     

Kawasaki Dynamics with Two Types of Particles: Stable/Metastable Configurations and Communication Heights

This is the second in a series of three papers in which we study a two-dimensional lattice gas consisting of two types of particles subject to Kawasaki dynamics at low temperature in a large finite box with an open boundary. Each pair of particles occupying neighboring sites has a negative binding energy provided their types are different, while each particle has a positive activation energy that depends on its type. There is no binding energy between particles of the same type. At the boundary of the box particles are created and annihilated in a way that represents the presence of an infinite gas reservoir. We start the dynamics from the empty box and are interested in the transition time to the full box. This transition is triggered by a critical droplet appearing somewhere in the box.     

Coulomb interactions in a computer simulation of a system periodic in two directions

The integral representation of the gamma function and the Poisson summation formula are used to calculate the interaction energy of charged particles in a 3-dimensional system periodic in two directions. A parallelogram shape simulation box is considered. Calculations are carried out for interactions described by any inverse power, and analytical continuation of the energy function leads to the final expression for the Coulomb interaction energy. Summation over the simulation box replica along one or the other side of the box base is replaced by summation in reciprocal space. Therefore there are two equivalent formulas for the potential energy that offer the possibility of avoiding slowly convergent series. The energy expressions are identical to those obtained from the Lekner method. The special case is considered where the functions defining the energy are infinite, i.e. when two charges lie on a line parallel to the simulation box side that was chosen to convert real space summation into reciprocal space.     

Electrostatically induced potential difference between conductive objects contained in a partially opened metal box

When a charged body exists near an opening of a partially opened metal box of an electronic apparatus, a potential difference is induced between conductive objects contained in the box. If the charged body moves, the potential difference changes and is capable of causing the breakdown of microelectronic devices in the box. However, one can rarely find a thorough study of this voltage. In this study, a potential difference induced between two metal foils in the partially opened metal box is measured without electrical connections. In some experiments, a piece of foil is grounded, whereas in others, both foils are ungrounded (floating). The measured result shows that the potential difference for a piece of foil grounded in the box is approximately 80% larger than that for both foils ungrounded. The potential difference decreases linearly by increasing the logarithm of the distance between the charged body and the front of the metal box. The result will provide a basis for a design to prevent the possible malfunction and breakdown of electronic apparatuses.     

On observing the absence of an atom

An atom is confined to a box in its ground state. An attempt is made to observe it in the left half of the box by scattering photons out of a photon wave packet passing through this half of the box. If no photons are scattered, the atom is missing. It is located on the right side of the box and its wave function is changed. The expectation value of the combined atom and photon energy is increased. For the other alternative, that the atom is found on the left side, the expectation value is decreased. By including both alternatives, it is shown that the mean energy is conserved.     

Study on the Level Monitoring System for the Ship-carriage-box

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