第一性原理研究Ir的热力学和弹性性质

基于准谐近似理论,运用第一性原理投影缀加波方法研究了Ir的热力学和弹性性质,得到Ir的声子谱、状态方程、热容、熵、焓和线膨胀系数,以及弹性常数、弹性模量、剪切模量和杨氏模量随温度的变化关系. 结果表明,计算的Ir声子谱和有限的实验测量结果一致;考虑电子对体系自由能贡献后计算的热容、熵、焓和线膨胀系数与实验值符合较好;在2600K时,Ir的电子定压热容占总定压热容的17%,因此在高温时电子对Ir定压热容的贡献是不能忽略的;理论预测的Ir室温下的弹性常数、弹性模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量和实验值测量值基本吻合,并随温度的增加而逐渐减小.     

高压下Ni_3Al热力学性质的第一性原理研究北大核心CSCD

运用第一性原理方法结合准谐Debye-Grüneisen模型研究了高压下Ni3Al的热力学性质,拟合了Ni3Al的状态方程,计算了不同压强下Ni3Al的弹性模量及吉布斯自由能等热力学性质随温度的变化关系.计算结果表明:采用七阶Birch-Murnaghan方程拟合的晶格常数与实验测量结果吻合较好;零压下弹性模量、吉布斯自由能、焓、熵、热容和体膨胀系数随温度的变化与实验值符合较好;在特定压强下,Ni3Al的弹性模量和吉布斯自由能随温度升高而减小,焓、熵随温度升高而增加;预测的德拜温度约为500K,与实验值符合较好.     

高压下Ni3Al热力学性质的第一性原理研究

运用第一性原理方法结合准谐Debye-Grüneisen模型研究了高压下Ni3Al的热力学性质,拟合了Ni3Al的状态方程,计算了不同压强下Ni3Al的弹性模量及吉布斯自由能等热力学性质随温度的变化关系. 计算结果表明：采用七阶Birch-Murnaghan方程拟合的晶格常数与实验测量结果吻合较好;零压下弹性模量、吉布斯自由能、焓、熵、热容和体膨胀系数随温度的变化与实验值符合较好;在特定压强下,Ni3Al的弹性模量和吉布斯自由能随温度升高而减小,焓、熵随温度升高而增加;预测的德拜温度约为500K,与实验值符合较好.     

ZrH_2结构与热力学性质

基于密度泛函理论,采用全势线性缀加平面波加局域轨道方法和广义梯度近似研究了ZrH2的结构与弹性性质。结果表明:在基态条件下,ZrH2的晶格常数计算值与实验值及其它理论值相当吻合。在考虑声子作用的前提下,采用准谐德拜模型成功获得了不同条件下(0~50 GPa,0~1 300 K)ZrH2的热容、热膨胀系数和德拜温度等热力学性质。结果表明:定压热容预测值随温度升高而增大,并逐渐接近佩蒂特-杜隆极限;随压强增加,德拜温度呈增加趋势;随温度增加,德拜温度呈减小趋势;在压强一定的条件下,热膨胀系数随温度的升高而增大,且在高温高压条件下,热膨胀系数的增加趋势变缓。     

高压下TiC的弹性、电子结构及热力学性质的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法 并结合准谐徳拜模型研究了NaCl结构的TiC在高压下的弹性性质、电子结构和热力学性质. 计算所得零温零压下的晶格常数、体弹模量及弹性常数与实验值符合得很好. 零温下弹性常数和弹性模量随压强增大而增大. 通过态密度和电荷密度的分析, Ti-C键随压强增大而增强. 运用准谐德拜模型, 成功计算了TiC在高温高压下的体弹模量、熵、热膨胀系数、徳拜温度、 Grüneisen参数和比热容. 结果表明压强对体弹模量、热膨胀系数和徳拜温度的影响大于温度对其的影响. 热容随着压强升高而减小, 在高温高压下, 热容接近Dulong-Petit极限.     

高压下固态Kr弹性性质、电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用密度泛函理论中平面波基矢,模守恒赝势结合局域密度近似以及广义梯度近似对固态Kr在高压下的结构以及弹性性质进行了研究, 通过计算发现弹性常数,Debye温度以及声速都随压力的增大而增大,所计算的弹性常数与实验和其他的理论符合的很好. 利用Debye模型得到了固态Kr的热力学性质, 熵随压力的增大而减小,随温度升高而升高;而定容热容C_v,定压热容C_p则随温度升高而升高,而且C_v在达到一定温度时趋于定值,所得的热力学性质和实验值是相符的．最后还预测了固态Kr在高压下的电子结构和光学性质, 计算结果表明随压力的增加固态Kr的前沿能带变窄,光吸收系数增大,吸收峰增宽,电子更容易发生跃迁,固态Kr有可能转化为半导体． 关键词： Kr 第一性原理 弹性常数 光学性质     

高温高压下Zr2AlC的结构及热学性质的第一性原理

利用密度泛函理论研究了高温高压下Zr₂AlC的结构和热力学性质,计算得到Zr₂AlC的晶格参数与实验值符合较好．研究了Zr₂AlC的弹性常数、体模量、剪切模量和杨氏模量等力学性质随压力变化的趋势．同时研究了维氏硬度随压力的变化趋势．通过计算得到的杨氏模量预测了Zr₂AlC的弹性各向异性．最后,基于准简谐德拜模型,成功预测了Zr₂AlC的德拜温度、热容、热膨胀系数和Grüneisen参数随着压强和温度的变化关系.     

第一性原理研究Ni_3Al_(1-x)V_x(x=0-0.4)的力学和热力学性质

采用第一性原理方法研究了Ni_3Al_(1-x)V_x(x=0-0.4)的力学性质,发现当V含量为0.1时,Ni_3Al_(1-x)V_x的块体模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量和硬度都出现极大值,因此V掺杂对于Ni_3Al力学性能的提升具有重要作用.另外,还研究了不同压强下Ni_3Al_(0.9)V_(0.1)的吉布斯自由能、焓、熵、热容等热力学性质随温度的变化关系,结果表明:在高温高压条件下,Ni_3Al_(0.9)V_(0.1)的吉布斯自由能、焓、熵、定压热容都出现明显变化.通过计算Ni_3Al_(0.9)V_(0.1)的体膨胀系数,发现压强对于Ni_3Al_(0.9)V_(0.1)的体膨胀效应具有明显的抑制作用.     

密度泛函理论研究高温高压下UO2弹性与热力学性能

采用第一性原理与准谐德拜模型研究UO2在高温高压条件下的弹性与热力学性能。UO2在高温高压下仍属离子型晶体,并且弹性性能计算表明,四角方向剪切常数在高温与高压下均保持稳定。高温下弹性常数C44没有明显变化,而高压下C44迅速增大。体积模量、剪切模量与杨氏模量均随压强增加而增大;高温条件下,体积模量、剪切模量与杨氏模量也未出现明显的降低,表明UO2在高温度高压下均可保持良好的力学性能。不同压强下,UO2定容热容均随温度迅速增大,并在1000 K 附近趋近于杜隆-佩蒂特极限。德拜温度则随温度降低,随压强升高。在低于室温条件下,热膨胀系数随温度急剧增加;温度继续增加,系数的增加趋势则逐渐变缓。计算结果还表明,UO2的热膨胀系数在相同条件下,远小于其他核材料。     

ZnSe高压相变和声子谱的第一性原理研究

采用基于第一性原理的平面波赝势和广义梯度近似方法,对闪锌矿(ZB)、纤锌矿(WZ)和岩盐(RS)结构的ZnSe在0~40GPa压力下的热力学性质及相变特性进行了研究。通过数值计算得出3种结构ZnSe的能量随体积变化的曲线,在此基础上,研究了不同结构ZnSe的晶格常数、高温高压物态方程、结构相变及弹性性质,解释了高压下结构相变的机理,并通过焓相等原理得到ZB结构到RS结构的相变压力为14.95GPa。最后,利用VASP软件结合Phonopy计算了ZB结构和RS结构ZnSe的声子谱,并将温度效应引入,得到亥姆霍兹自由能、熵和等容热容随温度的变化关系。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.