Cr2MC(M=Al, Ga)的电子结构、弹性和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

本文使用第一性原理的GGA/RPBE方法研究了Cr₂MC(M=Al, Ga)的电子结构、弹性和热力学性质. 研究发现两个化合物的体积压缩性几乎相同, 并且证实了在0—50 GPa范围内c轴始终较a轴更难以压缩并且结构始终是稳定的. 通过对内坐标的研究发现了Cr₂AlC中Cr离子的内坐标始终大于Cr₂GaC中Cr离子的内坐标. 使用准谐德拜模型得到的体弹模量在0 GPa下随着温度的升高而减小, 而在300 GPa下则随着温度的升高而增大. 对德拜温度的研究发现Cr₂GaC的值小于Cr₂AlC的值, 而对热膨胀系数、Grüneisen参数、熵和热容的计算发现Cr₂GaC的值大于Cr₂AlC的值. 对电子结构的分析发现Cr₂GaC的s和p电子在费米能级处的值大于Cr₂AlC的s和p电子的值, 而其他离子的电子分布几乎一致.     

EuS高压相变及其弹性和热力学性质

采用平面波赝势密度泛函理论,利用第一性原理的方法研究了EuS的晶体结构、高压相变以及弹性性质．计算结果和实验值以及前人利用不同计算模型得到的理论值相吻合．研究了EuS的弹性常数、弹性模量和弹性的各向异性等力学性质随压力变化的趋势．同时研究了泊松比、德拜温度及纵波和横波的弹性波速随压力的变化趋势．基于德拜模型,进而研究了EuS在0～800 K和0～60 GPa下相变前后的热膨胀系数、热熔、Grüneisen参数等热力学性质．     

硅酸镁钙钛矿弹性及热力学特性的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,结合准谐德拜模型研究了高压下硅酸镁钙钛矿的弹性及热力学特性. 计算得到的物态方程数据、热容、热膨胀系数等在宽广的温度和压力范围与实验结果及其他理论计算结果吻合. 根据有限应变理论计算了硅酸镁钙钛矿的弹性常数,并讨论了杨氏模量、泊松比、德拜温度、晶体各向异性随压力的变化.     

高压下闪锌矿InN光电性质的密度泛函研究

 采用密度泛函理论,计算了闪锌矿型InN在压力下的结构、力学性质和光学性质,结果显示,随着压强的增大晶格常数减小。给出了零压下C₁₁、C₁₂、B、C_s、C₄₄的值及至70 GPa压力下弹性常数随压强的变化关系。结果表明,C₁₁、C₁₂、B随压强增大而增大,C_s、C₄₄随压强增大而减小,计算结果与现有实验和理论结果符合较好。在价带区,InN的分态密度（PDOS）有两个带,且在费米面附近密度很小,显示其倾向于形成稳定结构并且导电性较差。对闪锌矿型InN在高压下的光学性质研究发现,导带电子向高能方向偏移,而价带电子向低能方向偏移,结果导致能带间隙增大,光吸收谱在压力的作用发生了“蓝移”。研究结果对认识高压下闪锌矿型InN的结构、电学及光学性质具有重要意义。     

双温度氦等离子体输运性质计算

获得覆盖较宽温度和压力范围内的等离子体输运性质是进行等离子体传热和流动过程数值模拟的必要条件.本文采用Saha方程计算等离子体组分, 采用基于将Chapman-Enskog方法扩展到高阶近似的方法, 计算获得了电子温度(T_e)不等于重粒子温度(T_h)的情形下, 在300 K到40000 K的温度范围内氦等离子体的黏性、热导率和电导率. 研究结果表明压力和热力学非平衡参数(θ =T_e/T_h)对氦等离子体的输运性质有较大的影响. 在局域热力学平衡条件下,计算获得的氦等离子体输运性质和文献报道的数据符合良好.     

密度泛函理论对ZrnPd团簇结构和性质的研究

用B3LYP/LANL2DZ方法对Zr_nPd(n =1—13)团簇的平衡几何结构、能量、频率、电子性质和磁性进行了计算.研究表明,Pd原子位于表面的异构体更为稳定,其中Zr₇Pd,Zr₁₂Pd团簇稳定性高,是幻数团簇,此外,相对于Zr_nCo与Zr_nFe团簇,Zr_nPd团簇参与化学反应的能力较弱,化学稳定性更     

第一性原理模拟U在Gd2Zr2O7烧绿石中的固溶

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论模拟U在Gd₂Zr₂O₇烧绿石中的固溶,在低浓度U掺杂时,Gd₂Zr₂O₇烧绿石保持烧绿石结构;随着U掺杂浓度增加,Gd₂(Zr_{2-y}U_y)O₇和(Gd_{2-y}U_y)Zr₂O₇体系的晶格常数发生线性变化．计算结果表明,由于总能较低,U原子更偏向于替代无序换位后Gd₂Zr₂O₇晶格中B位的Gd原子．     

一些高Tc超导体的弹性性质

 本文用超声相比较方法测定了高T_c超导体La_1.85Sr_0.15CuO₄，La₂CuO₄和YBa₂Cu₃O₇的纵波和横波声速，进而导出了它们的纵向模量、切变模量、杨氏模量、泊松比、德拜温度及定体比热。在La_1.85Sr_0.15CuO₄样品上，还进行了压力实验，发现所有弹性模量都是随压强增加而增加。定体比热c_V和泊松比σ在高压下则略有下降。德拜温度是随压强增加而增加的。     

极端条件下6Li2O的热力学性能与电子结构

 采用密度泛函理论与准谐振德拜模型研究了面心立方相的⁶Li₂O在极端条件下的热力学性质与电子结构。结果表明: ⁶Li₂O的热膨胀系数在任何温度下都随压强增加明显降低,但仅当压强较低(低于40 GPa)时,温度对6Li2O的热膨胀系数的影响才明显;O原子半径随压强增大而迅速降低,而随温度的变化并不明显;在低压条件下(低于40 GPa),带隙随温度的升高缓慢降低;而在高压条件下(高于40 GPa),温度对带隙宽度的影响几乎可以忽略;无论在什么温度条件下,带隙宽度均随压强的增大而迅速增加。     

γ-Si3N4在高压下的电子结构和物理性质研究

采用基于密度泛函平面波赝势方法(PWP)和广义梯度近似(GGA-PW91)，计算了不同压强下γ-Si₃N₄的电子结构、光学性质和力学性质.基于计算结果，分析讨论了γ-Si₃N₄各物理参数随外压力的变化规律.计算表明，γ-Si₃N₄是一种适合于在高压条件下工作的材料.     

Theoretical investigations on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of Ti2AlC0.5N0.5 solid solution

We have performed theoretical studies on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of the solid solution: Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5. The lattice parameters, elastic constants, bulk, shear, Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio and Debye temperature were calculated and compared with those of the end members, Ti₂AlC and Ti₂AlN. The temperature dependence of the bulk moduli, thermal expansion coefficient and specific heats of Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5 were obtained from the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The calculated elastic and thermodynamic properties were compared with experimental data.     

Structural and elastic properties of Zr<Subscript>2</Subscript>AlX and Ti<Subscript>2</Subscript>AlX (X = C and N) under pressure effect

Using first-principles density functional calculations, the effect of high pressures, up to 20 GPa, on the structural and elastic properties of Zr₂AlX and Ti₂AlX, with X = C and N, were studied by means of the pseudo-potential plane-waves method. Calculations were performed within the local density approximation to the exchange-correlation approximation energy. The lattice constants and the internal parameters are in agreement with the available results. The elastic constants and their pressure dependence are calculated using the static finite strain technique. We derived the bulk and shear moduli, Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio for ideal polycrystalline Zr₂AlX and Ti₂AlX aggregates. We estimated the Debye temperature of Zr₂AlX and Ti₂AlX from the average sound velocity. This is the first quantitative theoretical prediction of the elastic properties of Zr₂AlC, Zr₂AlN and Ti₂AlN compounds, and it still awaits experimental confirmation.     

Theoretical investigations of structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties for PtN2 under high pressure

We have investigated structural and elastic properties of PtN₂ under high pressures using norm-conserving pseudopotentials within the local density approximation (LDA) in the frame of density-functional theory. Calculated results of PtN₂ are in agreement with experimental and available theoretical values. The a/a₀, V/V₀, ductility/brittleness, elastic constants C_ij, shear modulus C′, bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E, Poisson's ratio σ and anisotropy factor A as a function of applied pressure are presented. Through the quasi-harmonic Debye model, we also study thermodynamic properties of PtN₂. The thermal expansion versus temperature and pressure, thermodynamic parameters X (X=Debye temperature or specific heat) with varying pressure P, and heat capacity of PtN₂ at various pressures and temperatures are estimated.     

Calculated elastic properties of M2AlC (M=Ti, V, Cr, Nb and Ta)

M₂AlC phases, where M is a transition metal, are layered ternary compounds that possess unusual properties. In this paper, we have calculated the elastic properties of M₂AlC, with M=Ti, V, Cr, Nb and Ta, by means of ab initio total energy calculations using the projector augmented-wave method. We have derived the bulk and shear moduli, Young's moduli and Poisson's ratio for ideal polycrystalline M₂AlC aggregates. We have estimated the elastic modulus of Cr₂AlC with 357.7 GPa while the values of all other phases are in the range 309±10 GPa. We suggest that this can be understood based on the calculated bond energies for the M-C bonds. Furthermore, our results indicate a profound elastic anisotropy of M₂AlC even compared to materials with a well-established anisotropic character such as α-alumina. Finally, we have estimated the Debye temperatures of M₂AlC from the average sound velocity.     

高压下ErNi2B2C弹性性质、电子结构和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论中的赝势平面波方法研究了高压下超导材料 ErNi₂B₂C 的弹性性质、电子结构和热力学性质.分析表明, 弹性常数、体弹模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量和弹性各向异性因子的外压力效应明显. 电子态密度(DOS)的计算结果显示, 在费米能级(E_F)处的 DOS 峰随外界压强的增大显著降低, 由于 ErNi₂B₂C 相对较高的超导温度(T_c)起因于E_F处的 DOS 峰, 因此推测压强增大可能会降低 ErNi₂B₂C 的 T_c.类似的现象在超导材料 MgB₂和 SrAlSi 中已被发现.此外, 基于准谐德拜模型, 对 ErNi₂B₂C 在高温高压下的热力学性质的研究表明, 在一定范围内, 温度和压强将对其热膨胀系数和热容产生明显的影响. 关键词： 高压 弹性性质 电子结构 热力学性质     

First-principles investigations on elastic, phonon and thermodynamic properties of SrB6 under pressure

The elastic, phonon and thermodynamic properties of the divalent alkaline-earth hexaboride SrB₆ are investigated by using plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The calculated structure parameters and bulk modulus are well consistent with the available experiment and theoretical data. The pressure dependences of elastic constants C_ij, bulk modulus B₀, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio σ are also presented. With these elastic parameters, we investigate the mechanical stability and compressibility of SrB₆. For the thermodynamic properties, both phonon and quasi-harmonic Debye model methods are adopted. Through the comparison with experimental and other theoretical results, we found the method of quasi-harmonic Debye model is a little better. Moreover, the phonon dispersion relations are also obtained. It is found that there are two LO/TO splitting around 5 THz and 26 THz, respectively.     

密度泛函理论研究高温高压下UO2弹性与热力学性能

采用第一性原理与准谐德拜模型研究UO2在高温高压条件下的弹性与热力学性能。UO2在高温高压下仍属离子型晶体,并且弹性性能计算表明,四角方向剪切常数在高温与高压下均保持稳定。高温下弹性常数C44没有明显变化,而高压下C44迅速增大。体积模量、剪切模量与杨氏模量均随压强增加而增大;高温条件下,体积模量、剪切模量与杨氏模量也未出现明显的降低,表明UO2在高温度高压下均可保持良好的力学性能。不同压强下,UO2定容热容均随温度迅速增大,并在1000 K 附近趋近于杜隆-佩蒂特极限。德拜温度则随温度降低,随压强升高。在低于室温条件下,热膨胀系数随温度急剧增加;温度继续增加,系数的增加趋势则逐渐变缓。计算结果还表明,UO2的热膨胀系数在相同条件下,远小于其他核材料。     

高压下TiC的弹性、电子结构及热力学性质的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法 并结合准谐徳拜模型研究了NaCl结构的TiC在高压下的弹性性质、电子结构和热力学性质. 计算所得零温零压下的晶格常数、体弹模量及弹性常数与实验值符合得很好. 零温下弹性常数和弹性模量随压强增大而增大. 通过态密度和电荷密度的分析, Ti-C键随压强增大而增强. 运用准谐德拜模型, 成功计算了TiC在高温高压下的体弹模量、熵、热膨胀系数、徳拜温度、 Grüneisen参数和比热容. 结果表明压强对体弹模量、热膨胀系数和徳拜温度的影响大于温度对其的影响. 热容随着压强升高而减小, 在高温高压下, 热容接近Dulong-Petit极限.     

A first-principle study of the structural, elastic, lattice dynamical and thermodynamic properties of PrX (X=P, As)

The structural, phase transition, elastic, lattice dynamic and thermodynamic properties of rare-earth compounds PrP and PrAs with NaCl (B1), CsCl (B2), ZB (B3), WC (B_h) and CuAu (L1₀) structures are investigated using the first principles calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). For the total-energy calculation, we have used the projected augmented plane-wave (PAW) implementation of the Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP). Specifically, some basic physical parameters, e.g. lattice constants, bulk modulus, elastic constants, shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poison's ratio, are predicted. The obtained equilibrium structure parameters are in excellent agreement with the experimental and theoretical data. The temperature and pressure variations of the volume, bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity and Debye temperature are calculated in wide pressure and temperature ranges. The phonon dispersion curves and corresponding one-phonon density of states (DOS) for both compounds are also computed in the NaCl (B1) structure.