大口径端泵片状放大器的泵浦耦合系统（英）

为了满足片状激光放大器对泵浦功率密度的要求,设计并加工了高缩束比的耦合系统。根据LD的发光特性,将输出功率为80 kW的LD阵列进行拟球面排列,采用正交柱面透镜配合空心导光管进行泵浦耦合,将发光面积为330 mm85 mm的泵浦光,在输出口处压缩至18 mm18 mm的口径,耦合系统的缩束比高达86∶1。模拟计算表明,该耦合系统的耦合效率对导光管反射板的反射率依赖性较低。实验测量该耦合系统的效率为84.2%,输出口处泵浦光场快慢轴的调制度分别为1.30和1.18,且脱离耦合系统后的泵浦光传输8.5 mm后,依然可以保持泵浦光场的轮廓。该耦合系统在效率、泵浦场均匀性、传输性等方面均满足端面泵浦的片状放大器对泵浦耦合系统的要求。     

锯齿形板条抽运结构的热效应数值比较

激光二极管抽运的全固态激光器中,除了激光介质的温度分布和热透镜效应以外,抽运、冷却结构对获得高光束质量、高功率激光输出至关重要。基于热传导方程,在相同的抽运功率和传导冷却边界条件下,对单侧面抽运锯齿形(zigzag)板条、单侧面键合锯齿形板条、部分抽运板条三种不同抽运结构的温度分布、热致应力、温度导致的折射率变化进行了详细的分析,并通过光线追迹方法,比较了光束在锯齿形面内和垂直于锯齿形面内的光程差,由光程差曲线分析了激光束的热透镜效应。对三种抽运结构的端面温度、端面变形和端面变形导致的光程差也进行了对比分析。结果表明,三种抽运结构在锯齿形面内的光束均表现为发散特性,在垂直于锯齿形面内的光束表现为热聚焦效应,温度导致的热聚焦特性相差不是很大。而在消除端面效应方面,键合激光板条具有明显优势。最后,提出了热透镜效应的补偿方法。     

End-pumped Nd:YAG zigzag slab laser with weak pump absorption

A diode-pumped Nd：YAG oscillator laser with an end-pumped zigzag slab architecture and weak pump absorption is developed. An output power of 253 W with a slope efficiency of 50.2% and an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 39.6% is achieved from the resonator, which emits the maximum power of 290 W with 840-W pump power. An optimum laser diode （LD） array coolant temperature is chosen in an attempt to realize the weak but uniform pump absorption. of zigzag slab resonator depends sensitively on the Furthermore, we have confirmed that the performance incident angle of the beam at the slab end face.     

泵浦匀化对Innoslab激光放大器光束质量的改善

针对结构紧凑的部分端面泵浦混合腔板条激光放大器，研究了泵浦匀化对其输出激光光束质量的改善作用。基于ZEMAX仿真软件，设计并对比分析了直接成像和波导匀化后再成像两种泵浦耦合方式对激光二极管阵列慢轴（晶体宽度）方向光强分布均匀性的影响，发现波导匀化后泵浦均匀性得到明显提升且激光二极管阵列发光坏点对泵浦成像的影响得以弱化。进一步实验验证了泵浦匀化对Innoslab激光放大器性能的改善作用:波导匀化后慢轴方向泵浦均匀度从90.6%提高到95.4%，进而使3通放大后输出激光光束质量因子M2从2.41提升到1.55，并且有效抑制了多通放大腔内的自激振荡。     

Thermal Lensing of Edge-pumped Slab Lasers-I

We present realistic calculations of thermal lensing in edge-pumped, Yb³⁺ doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), slab lasers for both straight-through and zigzag propagation. Using ray tracing and finite element analysis we simulate the distributions of absorbed pump power, temperature, and stress. From these results we numerically calculate the induced lensing due to thermal and stress gradients. Effects on induced lensing of gaps in the diode pump source array and due to bonding undoped host crystal to the slab edges are presented. PACS 42.55.Rz; 42.55.Wd; 42.60.Lh     

Calculation of three-dimensional thermal-gradient-induced stress birefringence in slab lasers

The thermal-gradient-induced stress birefringence and depolarization losses were reported previously for a Yb:YAG slab in which the plane-strain approximation applied. In this paper we present analyses of these phenomena applying a full three-dimensional treatment of deposited pump power and cooling in a Yb:YAG slab. We treat both straight-through and zigzag propagation and the cases of the slab length along the crystalline [1 1 1] and [1 1 0] axes. We also describe the losses in a slab with undoped Brewster ends and pump edges.     

LD泵浦Nd∶YVO4晶体GaAs被动调Q激光理论和实验研究

考虑LD泵浦光强和腔内振荡光强的空间高斯分布以及晶体热效应的影响，给出了Nd∶YVO₄晶体GaAs被动调Q1.06 μm激光的耦合速率方程组，数值求解该方程组获得了输出激光的平均输出功率、脉冲宽度、重复率随泵浦功率的变化特性，所得理论值与实验结果相符.     

体布拉格光栅外腔半导体激光器的光栅旋转角度容差

采用步进电机控制光栅角度,对200 m和600 m圆柱透镜准直的体布拉格光栅（VBG）外腔单管C封装半导体激光器进行了系统研究。实验结果表明:激光二极管（LD）驱动电流越大,准直效果越好,VBG的角度调整容差越小;快轴方向的准直效果越好,慢轴方向的光栅调节角度容差越大;对于衍射效率28%、厚1.4 mm的光栅,LD快轴发散角为7.3 mrad时,快轴方向的角度容差不大于3.2 mrad,慢轴方向的角度容差较快轴大约一个数量级。     

Investigation of laser diode face-pumped high average power heat capacity laser

The three-dimensional (3D) pump intensity distribution in medium of the laser diode (LD) pumped highaverage power heat capacity laser is simulated by the ray tracing method, and the divergence characteristicsof fast axis and slow axis of LD are simultaneously considered. The transient 3D temperature and stressdistributions are also simulated by the finite element method (FEM) with considering the uneven heatsource distribution in medium. A LD face-pumped Nd:GGG heat capacity laser is designed. The averageoutput power is 1.49 kW with an optical-optical efficiency of 24.1%.     

Thermo-optic effects affecting the high pump power end pumped solid state lasers: Modeling and analysis

A complete solution of the thermal effect for continuous wave laser diode array fiber coupled high pump power end pumped actively solid state laser is presented. In this paper, the thermal loading resulted from energy transfer up-conversion effect for laser operated under different pulse repetition frequency has been taken into account in the overall thermal effects. The thermal loading transfer the absorbed pump power into non-uniform temperature distribution in the laser rod, and thus results in thermal strain, thermal stress, thermal dispersion of index, and thermally induced diffraction losses. For a practical laser cavity configuration containing the internal optical elements, we use spherical aberration theory to give a better explanation of experimental results via calculating diffraction losses quantitatively. According to analysis of thermal focal length experimental data, the results show that our calculated value of thermal loading under fixed Nd³⁺ doped concentration laser crystal is not a constant but a function of pump power instead. The theoretical predicted curve of thermal focal length based on our model is in good agreement with experimental measurements. At low pump power, the thermal loading is a linear function varying with pump power, but it begins to saturate at pump powers exceeding 6 W. This phenomenon is consistent with our physical intuitions.     

基于横向热流抑制的半导体激光芯片封装实验研究

为降低半导体激光芯片的慢轴远场发散角,提高其慢轴方向的光束质量,设计了横向热流抑制的封装结构。利用热沉间的物理隔离,削弱了半导体激光芯片慢轴方向上的温度梯度,有效降低了半导体激光芯片慢轴方向的发散角。采用热分析模拟了不同封装结构下芯片发光区的温度分布,并对波长915 nm的窄条宽半导体激光芯片进行封装。实验结果表明,在工作电流15 A,封装在隔离槽长4 mm,脊宽120 μm刻槽热沉上的芯片,其慢轴远场发散角由12.25°降低至10.49°,相应的光参量积（BPP）由5.344 mm·mrad 降低至4.5763 mm·mrad,慢轴方向亮度提升了约5.5%。实验结果表明,横向热流抑制的封装结构可以有效地削弱半导体激光芯片慢轴方向上由热透镜效应引起的高阶模激射,从而降低其慢轴远场发散角。     

Broadband tunable Raman soliton self-frequency shift to mid-infrared band in a highly birefringent microstructure fiber

Raman soliton self-frequency shifted to mid-infrared band(λ 2 μm) has been achieved in an air-silica microstructure fiber(MF). The MF used in our experiment has an elliptical core with diameters of 1.08 and 2.48 μm for fast and slow axis. Numerical simulation shows that each fundamental orthogonal polarization mode has two wide-spaced λZDW and theλZDW pairs located at 701/2110 nm and 755/2498 nm along the fast and slow axis, respectively. Using 810-nm Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser as pump, when the output power varies from 0.3 to 0.5 W, the furthest red-shift Raman solitons in both fast and slow axis shift from near-infrared band to mid-infrared band, reaching as far as 2030 and 2261 nm. Also, midinfrared Raman solitons can always be generated for pump wavelength longer than 790 nm if output pump power reaches0.5 W. Specifically, with pump power at 0.5 W, the mid-infrared soliton in slow axis shifts from 2001 to 2261 nm when the pump changes from 790 nm to 810 nm. This means only a 20 nm change of pump results in 260 nm tunability of a mid-infrared soliton.     

掠入射板条放大器链的热效应模拟分析

对LD泵浦的掠入射板条放大器链系统激光介质的热效应进行研究。针对掠入射放大器结构建立了相应的热力学模型,对激光介质的温度场分布、热致波前畸变和热透镜效应进行了详细的理论分析。利用有限元分析软件COMSOL模拟了晶体内部的温度、应力及应变的分布情况,并进一步讨论了板条厚度、泵浦尺寸以及种子光入射角对光程差和热透镜造成的影响。结果表明,随着泵浦光斑尺寸和种子光入射角的增大,光程差变小,热透镜效应减弱;板条厚度对光程差和热透镜的影响较小。模拟计算结果对于预测板条热效应的强弱、热效应的补偿,以及放大器链结构参数的设计提供了依据。     

基于侧面热对流的LD泵浦Yb:KGd(WO4)2热透镜效应研究

基于对LD端面泵浦Yb∶KGW激光晶体工作特点的分析,建立了符合条件的激光晶体热模型.考虑晶体侧面的热对流,运用MATLAB和FORTRAN软件,通过有限差分法求解各向异性介质热传导方程,得到了该晶体的温度场分布、端面热形变分布和不同泵浦功率下的热焦距.结果表明:在泵浦功率为14 W时,泵浦面最高温度达272.8℃、最...     

Influences of pump beam distribution on thermal lensing spherical aberration in an LD end-pumped Nd:YAG laser

A numerical investigation is made on the thermal lensing and spherical aberration effect in an LD end-pumped Nd:YAG laser. Based on the finite element method (FEM), the laser rod temperature distribution is calculated and the focal length of the thermal lens is deduced, the influences of pump beam on the thermal lensing spherical aberration are mainly studied. The results show the thermal lens which focal length varied with the radial coordinate r is not an ideal lens. Given the heat dissipation boundary conditions, the radial dependent focal length will be shortened when the pump power raised or the waist radius of the pump beam reduced, meanwhile the radial differences of the focal length will decrease when the pump power increased. For a Super-Gaussian profile pump beam, the higher the exponent number, the more similar to flat top the pump beam is, and the less the radial differences of the focal length are.     

High-efficiency high-power QCW diode-side-pumped zigzag Nd:YAG ceramic slab laser

A high-efficiency high-power diode-side-pumped quasi-continuous wave (QCW) Nd:YAG ceramic slab laser using zigzag optical path was demonstrated. With an integrating sphere technique, the scattering and absorption coefficient of the ceramic slab were measured to be 0.0024 and 0.0016 cm^?1 at 1,064 nm, respectively. Under a pump power of 6.69 kW, an average output power of 2.44 kW at 1,064 nm with a repetition rate of 400 Hz was achieved, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 36.5 %. As far as we know, this is the highest conversion efficiency reported for QCW side-pumped single slab Nd:YAG ceramic laser.     

部分抽运的板条激光器的热效应分析

基于热传导方程和高斯赛德尔数值计算方法,对部分抽运板条激光器的温度分布、热应力和热致折射率变化等热效应进行了详细分析,并与单侧抽运及双侧抽运方式进行了比较。结果表明,设计合理的部分抽运板条激光器,可以获得较高的抽运效率,其热效应相比于均匀抽运的情况并没有显著劣化,不论是采用锯齿形传播方式还是直线传播方式的激光器都可以获得较好的光束质量,当一束高斯激光直线经过板条晶体中部时,光束质量因子为1.4,若采用锯齿形传播方式,则光束质量因子可提高到1.1。     

基于平行玻璃板的半导体激光器阵列光束整形

为得到质量均衡的大功率激光束,分别以条形和面阵半导体激光器为模型,基于平行玻璃板对光束的偏移作用,对准直后激光束进行分割和重排,并在Zemax软件中进行了仿真。条形半导体激光器初始发散角为40和10,整形前已准直光束快慢轴方向的光参数积分别为0.455 2 mmmrad和20.484 mmmrad,光束质量相差较大,整形后快慢轴方向光参数积分别为2.731 2 mmmrad和3.414 0 mmmrad,实现了快慢轴方向光束质量均衡。利用平行玻璃板消除面阵半导体激光器中存在的发光死区,整形后快慢轴方向光参数积分别为7.002 mmmrad和10.242 mmmrad ,整形系统耦合效率为90.13%。     

976 nm宽条形高功率半导体激光器的光束质量M2评价

为了提高976 nm宽条形高功率半导体激光器的光束质量,基于严格的二阶矩理论搭建了一套适用于高功率半导体激光器的光束质量检测装置。利用该装置测量了实验室研制的976 nm宽条形高功率半导体激光器在1～10 A工作电流下的束腰位置、束腰尺寸和远场发散角。实验结果表明,随着电流从1 A增加到10A,快轴方向束宽及远场发散角由于反导引效应有微小增加,但由于垂直方向较强的折射率导引机制使得光束参数变化很小,光束质量因子M~2仅从1. 32增加到1. 48,光束质量基本不变。慢轴方向由于反导引效应及热透镜效应而导致高阶模式激射,使得束宽及远场发散角随工作电流增加逐渐增大,光束质量因子M~2从5. 44增加到11. 76,光束质量逐渐变差。傍轴光束定义及非傍轴光束定义下的光束质量因子测试结果表明,在快轴方向,两者差别较大,不能使用傍轴光束定义近似计算;在慢轴方向,两者近似相等,可以使用傍轴光束定义近似计算。     

Investigation on mode matching including thermal effects in LD end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd：YVO_4 laser

We design a laser diode （LD） end-pumped passively mode-locked solid-state laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. Mode-matching efficiency in the active medium including the thermal effect is analyzed, and the optimum mode-matching coefficient is obtained by optimizing the pump mode. In the experiment, a total power of 4.2 W stable pulse sequences without multipulse at 1064 nm is obtained with a pulse repetition rate of 86 MHz and a pulse width of 13 ps, corresponding to a high optical to optical efficiency of 44%.