非晶态锂离子导体B2O3-0.7Li2O-0.7LiCl-xAl2O3-0.1V2O5的电学性质和电子自旋共振研究

对两种非晶态B₂O₃-0.7Li₂O-0.7LiCl-xAl₂O₃-0.1V₂O₅(x=0.05和0.15),用差热分析、电导率测量、X射线衍射和电子自旋共振进行研究,发现:1)V₂O₅不仅作非晶网络形成剂,而且改变了晶化过程;2)对B₂O₃-Li_{2关键词：}     

高价离子对层状结构阴极的插入研究

研究了高价Mg²⁺,Zn²⁺等离子对层状结构阴极如V₂O₅,MoS₂,等的固态电化学插入。用X射线衍射(XRD),电子探针微区分析(EMP),电子自旋共振(ESR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等物理方法研究了相应高价离子对层状阴极插入引起的相变及其插入化合物,对高价离子的插入机理进行了探讨。 关键词：     

非晶锂离子导体B2O3-Li2O-LiCl一Al2O3中VO2+的电子自旋共振

两种非晶锂离子导体B₂O₃-0.7Li₂O-0.7LiCl-xAl₂O₃-0.1V₂O₅(x=0.05和0.15)的电子自旋共振谱研究表明:(i)ESR线型是高斯型,证实V₂O₅添加量适当;(ii)超精细结构来源于VO²⁺络离子,具有四角对称性,属C_4v群。越精细耦合张量的平行分量平均值A_//=0.0175cm^-1,垂直分量A_⊥=0.0063cm^-1。由g_//(g_⊥)求出其基态²B_2g与第一激发态²E_g的能级间距△₁=2.46×10⁴ cm^-1,基态与第二激发态²B_1g的能级间距△₂=3.03×10⁴ cm^-1;(iii)变温实验证实:Al₂O₃组分较少(x=0.05)的非晶ESR强度比x=0.15的非晶高3倍至2倍,而Al₂O₃组分越多则ESR强度随温升下降越小。     

新型羟基和醌碳自由基产生的分子机理

羟基自由基（·OH）被公认是生物系统中最具活性的活性氧物种,能导致生物体内DNA等生物大分子氧化损伤. 目前,最被广泛接受的·OH的产生机理是过渡金属离子催化的Fenton反应. 五氯酚(PCP)是一种重要的生物杀灭剂,主要用作木材保护. 采用电子自旋共振二级自旋捕获等分析手段,发现H₂O₂和五氯酚的代谢产物之一四氯苯醌（TCBQ）能通过不依赖于金属离子的途径产生·OH;进一步的研究发现是TCBQ,而非其相应的半醌自由基对·OH的产生极其重要. 基于这些数据和分析,提出以下新型·OH产生分子机理：H₂O₂对TCBQ进行亲核攻击形成不稳定的三氯氢过氧基苯醌中间产物,其可均裂产生·OH. 综合采用电子自旋共振自旋捕获和其他分析方法,第1次检测到一种新型的以碳为中心的醌自由基.     

Y2O3·Cr2O3复合氧化物热力学性质的研究

在1182—1386K温度范围内,用固体电解质氧浓差电池:Mo|Cr,Y₂O₃,Y₂O₃·Cr₂O₃|ZrO₂(+MgO)|Cr,Cr₂O₃|Mo测定了复合氧化物Y₂O₃·Cr₂O₃的热力学性质。对于反应Y_{2关键词：}     

Al2O3-SiO2石油裂化催化剂上自由基空间分布的ESR成象

报道了用自己设计制作的电子自旋成象装置,对芳烃芳胺化合物在Al₂O₃-SiO₂催化剂表面酸中心所形成的正离子自由基进行二维ESR成象研究.     

用Na2O2-DMSO体系产生O2·的ESR研究

提出了Na₂O₂的二甲基亚砜(DMsO)/H₂O溶液中产生超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^·)的新方法,用电子自旋共振仪(ESR)可直接检测到很强的O₂^·信号,研究了反应的条件及其O₂^·信号的特性,并用该法考察了茶多酚等清除剂对于超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用。结果表明本体系是产生O₂^·的有效方法,可用于超氧阴离子自由基清除剂的研究。     

多铁材料MnSb2O6中自旋涨落的ESR研究

具有手性晶体结构的MnSb₂O₆其基态为螺旋磁序,对外磁场有着响应丰富的铁电性.本文通过助熔剂法制备了高质量MnSb₂O₆单晶.电子自旋共振谱(ESR)的结果表明其共振场具有类似铁磁材料的各向异性温度依赖关系.这一结果表明MnSb₂O₆基态的螺旋磁序在外磁场中形成了随磁场方向转动的圆锥磁序相(conical phase).对共振峰半高宽的进一步拟合得到一个意外小的临界指数,这表明MnSb₂O₆中的磁矩具有二维特征并且存在着较强的竞争相互作用.     

ESR法考察龙胆酸的氧化——柞蚕茧丝中龙胆酸的鉴定

本文用电子自旋共振波谱法研究了龙胆酸在碱性水溶液中的氧化,发现了一种新的自由基谱,通过自旋密度和超精细偶合常数的计算,给出了该自由基物种的结构模式,推测出龙胆酸在碱性水溶液中的氧化过程。作为柞蚕茧中龙胆酸的ESR检测方法,对测定的条件和一些影响因素进行了考察、     

聚乙二醇在Al2O3/水界面吸附行为的ESR研究

采用电子自旋共振技术结合自旋标记研究了聚乙二醇在Al₂O₃/水界面的分子构型和运动行为.结果表明,聚乙二醇在Al₂O₃上的吸附等温线呈S型,吸附量随聚乙二醇分子量增加而减小,聚乙二醇在Al₂O₃表面是多点吸附,分子中的大部分链节平躺在Al₂O₃表面、少部分链节伸向溶液。     

基于旋涂法和电子束蒸发法制备的V2O5/Ag/V2O5叠层透明导电薄膜

利用溶胶-凝胶技术与电子束蒸镀相结合的方法在常温下制备了叠层V₂O₅/Ag/V₂O₅（VAV）透明导电薄膜,研究了各层薄膜厚度对叠层结构光电特性的影响。用原子力显微镜、紫外-可见光分光光度计、四探针电阻仪及开尔文探针对样品的表面形貌、光电性能及功函数等性质进行了表征。实验结果表明,该薄膜具有良好的光学和电学性质,可见光（380~780 nm）平均透过率达75%,迁移率为16.89 cm²/（V·s）,载流子浓度为－1.043×10²² cm^-3,方块电阻值为15.1 Ω/□,功函数为5.17 eV。该制备方法降低了V₂O₅薄膜的工艺制备难度,为该材料在太阳能电池中的应用创造了良好的前期基础。     

Lithium ion batteries cathode material: V2O5

Among all the known electrode materials, vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) has high reversible capacity. It is a very valuable material for research of the complexity, rich structure and morphology. However, it also has some disadvantages, such as poor cycle stability, low discharge voltage, low conductivity and Li⁺ diffusion coefficient. In this regard, researchers have carried out a lot of research, such as using various methods to improve the nanostructures, introducing heterostructures, introducing point defects or cation doping in the crystal structure, etc. The electrochemical performance of V₂O₅ has been significantly improved in reversible capacity, high-rate capacity and long-term cycle stability. In this paper, V₂O₅ based nanostructure with different chemical composition are briefly introduced, and it covers V₂O₅ nanomaterials with different morphology, including 1D nanorods, nanobelts, nanotubes, 2D leaf like nanosheets and other nanosheets, and 3D hollow structures, porous nanostructures, porous eggshell microsphere structures. The composite nanomaterials of V₂O₅ and different carbonaceous supports are also introduced. Finally, the V₂O₅ composite materials doped with cations are discussed. The electrochemical performance of V₂O₅ based electrode can be improved effectively by obtaining appropriate nanostructure and optimized chemical composition.     

Dip-coated silver-doped V2O5 xerogels as host materials for lithium intercalation

Vanadium pentoxide xerogels have shown high electrochemical performance in terms of energy content. The high specific energy and high intercalation capability make the materials promising for thin film lithium battery and electrochromic device applications. In order to enhance the rate capabilities of the host we increased the electronic conductivity by doping the V₂O₅ xerogels with silver. Samples were prepared by mixing various amounts of silver powder with V₂O₅ hydrogel. We were able to prepare silver-doped vanadium pentoxide dip-coated thin films with a molar ratio (Ag/V) ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 (Ag_yV₂O₃ with y = 0.01, 0.1 and 1). With the successful doping, the electronic conductivity of V₂O₅ was increased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The insertion capacity of the material was maintained and up to 4 moles of lithium per mole of silver-doped V₂O₅ (XRG) were found to be reversibly intercalated.     

Radiation induced chemisorption of oxygen on chromia

The effect of nuclear radiation on the chemisorption of oxygen on Cr₂O₃, Cr₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃-SnO₂ catalysts has been studied. An iodometric method was used to measure the amount of chemisorbed oxygen; simultaneously the increase in the catalytic activity of the catalyst in the decomposition of H₂O₂ was determined. It was found that the radiation present within a nuclear reactor promotes the chemisorption of oxygen on chromia (either pure or supported on Al₂O₃ or SnO₂) at temperatures at which such a chemisorption does not normally occur. The radiochemisorption of oxygen on chromia increases with the degree of dispersion of chromia on Al₂O₃ or SnO₂ and is accompanied by an increased catalytic activity of this catalyst in the decomposition reaction of H₂O₂. It seems that the radiochemisorption is largely due to the action of γ-rays and fast neutrons on the gas.     

硅纳米线/氧化钒纳米棒复合材料的制备与气敏性能研究

采用纳米球光刻和金属辅助刻蚀法以p型单晶硅片制备了硅纳米线阵列, 并以此作为基底, 通过溅射不同时长的金属钒薄膜并进行热退火氧化处理, 制备出硅纳米线/氧化钒纳米棒复合材料. 采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪表征了该复合材料的微观特性, 结果表明该结构增大了材料的比表面积, 有利于气体传感, 并且镀膜时间对后续生长的氧化钒纳米棒形貌有明显影响. 采用静态配气法在室温下测试了该复合材料对NO₂的气敏性能, 气敏测试结果表明沉积钒膜的时间对复合材料的气敏性能影响较大. 当选择合适的镀膜时间时, 适量氧化钒纳米棒增加了材料表面积并形成大量pn结结构, 相比纯硅纳米线对NO₂气体的灵敏度有明显提升, 且在室温下表现出优良的选择性. 同时, 对气敏机理做了定性解释, 认为硅纳米线与氧化钒纳米棒之间形成的pn结及能带结构在接触NO₂ 时的动态变化是其气敏响应提升的主要机制.     

K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+的合成及发光性能

以CaCl2、K2B4O7和Nd2O3为原料,采用易于工业化、无污染的水溶液法反应合成碱-碱土金属硼酸盐K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3+晶体,利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、荧光分光度计等现代分析测试手段,对所合成晶体进行了分析和表征.结果表明,所制备的K2O·CaO·4B2O3·12H2O∶Nd3...     

The structure of AgI-Ag2O-V2O5 glasses

Structures of 10AgI-3Ag₂O-2V₂O₅, 3AgI-3Ag₂O---2V₂O₅ and 2AgI---2Ag₂O-V₂O₅ glasses have been investigated by neutron diffraction experiments. The characteristic features of observed structure factors S(Q) in 10AgI-3Ag₂O-2V₂O₅ glass is similar to those of other superionic conducting glasses and molten AgI. From the standpoint of the pair distribution functions, it is clarified that the Ag-I and I-I correlation strength and Ag---Ag correlation length increase with increasing AgI concentration. Observed results suggest that the local AgI structure accompanied by the re-arrangement of silver ions is formed with highly doped iodide ions.     

脉冲电场下两种电极材料表面电子发射阈值特性的实验研究

研究了金属表面电子发射阈值的测量原理.以待测材料为阴极,以法拉第筒作为阳极收集电子.在"晨光号"加速器上,测量了不同粗糙度的304L不锈钢和铝表面电子发射阈值及经表面涂覆工艺处理后这两种电极材料表面电子发射阈值.研究发现:电极表面磨光可以抑制电子发射,随着粗糙度的增加,电子发射阈值降低;金属表面涂覆对抑制电子发射效果更为显著,电子发射阈值增加了一倍.