基于BP-ANN的草莓品种近红外光谱无损鉴别方法研究

研究了使用近红外漫反射光谱对不同品种草莓进行无损鉴别的方法,并分析了各品种草莓品质指标的差异性。在4 545～9 090 cm-1光谱范围比较了反向传播人工神经网络、最小二乘支持向量机及判别分析的分类模型性能,发现拓扑结构为12-18-3的反向传播神经网络模型分类结果最优,校正集和预测集分类正确率分别为96.68%和97.14%,“甜宝”(n=99)、“丰香”(n=100)和“明星”(n=117)样品的单独判别正确率分别为94.95%,97%和98.29%。对三个品种样品的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、pH值及固酸比品质指标进行了单因素方差分析,发现四个指标含量均存在明显差异,分析成分指标数据的主成分得分发现不同品种草莓存在明显的聚类趋势。结果表明,近红外光谱与反向传播人工神经网络结合可有效鉴别不同品种的草莓,且不同品种草莓化学成分含量的差异为近红外光谱分类提供了理化解释。     

原子吸收分光光度法同时测定粮谷中痕量镉和砷

本文利用干扰效应并采用模拟退火 误差反向传播人工神经网络算法辅助原子吸收分光光度法在单波长下对粮谷中痕量镉和砷的同时测定时行了研究 ,取得了满意结果。标准加入法的回收率分别为 91%～98%和 87%～ 92 % ,7次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于 4%。该法快速、简单     

神经网络模型在LED便携式近红外整粒小麦成分测量仪上的建立

采用三层反向传播人工神经网络,在LED便携式近红外整粒小麦成分测量仪上,建立了测定整粒小麦中粗蛋白含量的定量分析模型。给出了LED便携式近红外整粒小麦成分测量仪的结构框图、光路结构图及所采集的整粒小麦样品光谱图。简介了人工神经网络的原理并给出了建模的结果。用人工神经网络建立模型,得到校准集和预测集的相关系数分别为0.90和0.96,相对标准偏差分别为3.77%和4.46%。在所使用的有限个分立波长的测定仪上,由于仪器光路、电路及整粒样品状态的影响,存在着一定的非线性。采用人工神经网络建立的模型,其结果优于线性模型的结果。     

基于人工神经网络的肉类光谱识别

利用自组的光纤探头式光谱仪对载体肉类表面进行光谱测量,采用反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)对肉类可见光谱进行识别,分析了隐层神经元、期望误差、判别输出范围等网络参数的调整对识别功能的影响.基于大量实测数据样本,优化网络结构参数选择,建立了良好的人工神经网络,对肉类光谱识别率达到97.5%.     

基于BP神经网络的荧光光谱法农药残留检测

针对目前农药残留难以实现快速准确检测的问题,利用人工神经网络方法对啶虫脒农药残留测量中的荧光混合光谱进行分离,设计了能够快速检测固体表面啶虫脒农药残留量的荧光光谱测量系统。根据反向传播算法,应用三层人工神经网络原理,对荧光光谱严重重叠的啶虫脒和滤纸混合体系进行啶虫脒残留量检测。在340nm～400nm范围内,以20个特征波长处荧光强度值作为网络特征参数,经网络训练和测试,啶虫脒浓度为40mg/kg和90mg/kg的回收率分别为102%和97%,测定结果相对标准偏差分别为1.4%和1.9%。实验结果表明,BP神经网络辅助荧光光谱法测定滤纸上啶虫脒农药残留,具有网络训练速度快、检测周期短、测量精度高等特点。     

基于主成分分析和人工神经网络的激光诱导击穿光谱塑料分类识别方法研究

研究了人工神经网络在激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)塑料分类识别方面的应用。选用七种常见的塑料作为实验样品,获得每种样品的170组LIBS光谱数据,利用主成分分析获得前五个主成分的得分矩阵。用每种塑料样品的130组光谱数据的主成分得分矩阵作为训练集,建立反向传播(BP)人工神经网络模型。将其余40组主成分得分作为测试数据输入训练好的模型进行分类识别,其识别准确度达到97.5%。实验结果表明,通过采用主成分分析与BP人工神经网络相结合的方法,可以很好地进行塑料激光诱导击穿光谱的分类识别,对塑料的回收利用有重要价值。     

人工神经网络-荧光光谱法同时测定维生素B1,B2,B6

应用人工神经网络原理 ,以Levenberg MarquardtBP算法对荧光光谱严重重叠的维生素B1 ,B2 ,B6三组份混合体系同时进行了含量测定。在 390～ 5 2 0nm的范围内 ,以 15个特征波长处的荧光强度值作为网络特征参数 ,并通过均匀设计安排样本 ,经网络训练和计算得出维生素B1 ,B2 ,B6 三者的平均回收率分别为 99 86 % ,99 6 0 % ,99 4 9% ,测定结果的相对标准偏差各为 1 7% ,1 6 % ,1 7%。     

原子吸收分光光度法同时测定粮谷中痕量镉和胂

本文利用干扰效应并采用模拟退火－误差反向传播人工神经网络算法辅助原子吸收分光光度法在单波长下对粮谷中痕量镉和砷的同时测定进行了研究,取得了满意结果。标准加入法的回收率分别为91％－98％和87％－92％,7次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于4％。该法快速、简单。     

BP神经网络电子束扫描均匀度校正系统

 电子束的扫描均匀度是工业辐照电子直线加速器的重要技术指标，该校正系统利用人工神经网络中的误差反向传播法可以对扫描电流波形进行校正，以克服扫描磁场引起的电子束形状变化、位置改变等造成的电子束分布的不均匀性，从而使扫描曲线的归一化均方偏差达到1.8%。     

互连导线串扰问题的人工神经网络预测

提出应用人工神经网络对互连导线间串扰问题进行预测的方法.选择对互连导线串扰响应有影响的相关参数作为输入预测因子,用基于误差反向传播的BP网络构造输入预测因子与串扰响应输出之间的映射关系,并用MTL和FDTD法计算获得的训练样本集对构造好的BP网络进行训练,建立基于BP网络的导线串扰的预测模型.最后,将串扰的BP预测结果和和测试样本进行比较,表明该方法有效.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.