一种大气微波环形波导等离子体设备

 微波等离子体相对其它等离子体而言有很多的优点，具有极高的工业应用价值。但在大气条件下，大体积的微波等离子体较难获得。为达到产生该种微波等离子体并将之应用的目的，特设计了一台环形波导反应腔设备并从事了等离子体激发的相关研究。介绍了该设备的设计思路，给出了常用的非磁化微波等离子体工作气体的击穿曲线，通过软件仿真得到了反应腔内的电场分布，并陈述了微波等离子体反应的基本现象。结合试验的结果，证明了软件仿真的正确性和装置的有效性。目前，该装置可在大气压下顺利激发一定体积的氦、氩等离子体。     

HL-1工程联调中真空室的放电清洗

HL-1托卡马克装置工程联调时,内真空系统经200℃60小时烘烤和7万次脉冲放电清洗,接着作了124次低参数托卡马克放电。在环向磁场为15kG下获得了60kA的等离子体电流,等离子体存在时达85ms,本文总结分析了HL-1工程联调期间真空系统的烘烤、真空室的放电清洗技术及效果。     

高温高密度等离子体和金属合金表面相互作用研究

本文介绍一台自行改装调试成功的9kJ高温高密度等离子体焦点装置(20kV,48μF)并利用它研究了金属铌、钼,Ni-Cr合金以及不锈钢等材料表面与等离子体的相互作用。借助于电子显微镜,俄歇电子能谱仪,X光衍射技术观测方法,获得了上述材料被焦点辐照瞬间的离子注入,单极电弧,溅射现象,Frenkel缺陷等重要物理过程的信息。对材料辐照损伤的机理作了初步讨论。     

HL—1M托卡马克装置的DC辉光放电清洗

本文简要叙述了ＨＬ－１Ｍ的ＤＣ辉光放电清洗技术和放电结果。实验表明，类似ＨＬ－１Ｍ托卡马克装置的真空室，经过烘烤，Ｔａｙｌｏｒ放电和ＤＣ放电清洗后，有可能得到高品质的等离子体。     

HL-2A装置真空系统

现代核聚变实验装置要求的真空系统必须实现以下主要功能：（1）装置真空室的零部件及总体抽空和检漏；（2）真空室的烘烤除气（H2O）；（3）辉光放电清洗和面对等离子体部件的锻炼及原位处理；（4）边缘粒子的抽运与控制；（5）等离子体放电实验运行。     

托卡马克中等离子体-表面相互作用研究现状

本文介绍了托卡马克装置等离子体-表面相互作用研究现状和发展方向。总结了表面相互作用的主要研究方面,其中包括可离子体边界层物理;燃料粒子再循环;等离子体杂质和控制;边界层等离子体诊断以及壁和材料问题。指出了未来聚变堆对杂质控制,排气和等离子体-表面相互作用的要求。     

EAST超导托卡马克装置真空室壁处理的研究

壁处理技术被广泛应用于托卡马克装置上,以降低装置本底杂质水平,改善器壁的再循环.自2008年起,EAST面向等离子体的第一壁采用全碳材料,由于特殊的石墨晶体多孔结构,具有高放气率以及对H₂O,H₂等杂质气体的高吸附性,从而使等离子体放电前期的装置真空室壁处理尤为关键.本文介绍了EAST装置真空室壁处理的实验系统,并研究了装置烘烤与不同工作气体及工作参数下的直流辉光放电清洗对杂质粒子的清除效果.实验结果表明:EAST装置真空室在经过长时问的前期壁处理后,显著地降低了真空室内壁的出气率与本底杂质浓度,这对随后进行的等离子体放电实验非常有必要.     

封面照片说明

这是一台全超导非圆截面托卡马克核聚变实验装置（EAST），是由中国科学院等离子体研究所研制的。该实验装置集全超导和非圆截面两大特点于一身，同时具有主动冷却结构，能产生稳态的、具有先进运行模式的等离子体。它的研制成功使我国的聚变研究向前迈进了一大步，并受到国际同行的关注。     

“神光”Ⅲ电光开关电源中的同步延时控制

“神光”Ⅲ装置中主放大级采用大口径等离子体电极的电光开关作系统隔离单元，主要抑制反向激光束和其他杂散光束。它主要由普克尔盒(PEPC)、两台等离子体脉冲发生器、开关脉冲发生器等组成。等离子体发生器由预燃脉冲和放电脉冲产生电路组成。预燃脉冲触发预电离后维持一定的电压和电流，持续时间0．5s。在预燃脉冲的0．4s处触发闸流管以形成脉冲放电等离子体。两台等离子体发生器要求同步，电流起点的偏离≤50ns。     

测量毫微秒脉冲X射线的微通道板探测系统

一、前言 研究一个装置(例如等离子体焦点装置)发射X射线的物理过程,常需要拍摄不同时刻X射线发射源的图象。用微通道板可以制成这种探测系统,拍摄时空分辨的X射线图象。我们研制成的探测系统包括:微通道板(简写为MCP)真空系统;高电压毫微秒脉冲电源;同步系统;操作系统等。并在等离子体焦点装置上拍摄了从-161ns到+56ns时间间隔内6帧X射线发射源图象。每帧图象曝光时间为20ns。     

稠密等离子体焦点装置研制

研制了一台用作脉冲中子源的稠密等离子体焦点装置(DPF),其放电室为Mather型结构。介绍了整个装置的工作原理及系统组成,详细论述了放电室的设计方法。实验结果表明,在550~600 Pa充氘压力范围下,当储能电容充电电压大于19 kV时,装置的平均中子产额大于5.0×108(D-D)中子/脉冲,中子脉冲宽度(FWHM)为(40±5) ns。该装置能用于中子、伽马辐射诊断中探测系统灵敏度实验研究,也可用于开展快中子照相、中子活化分析以及单粒子效应等方面的研究工作。     

High-performance organic red-light-emitting device based on DCJTB and a new host material

An efficient red-light-emitting device using a new host material (DPF) and a red dopant (DCJTB) with a configuration of ITO/NPB (50 nm)/DCJTB:DPF (2%, 10 nm)/TPBI (30 nm)/LiF (0.5 nm)/Mg:Ag has been fabricated and investigated. The red OLED yields a brightness of 9270 cd/m² at 10 V, a maximum current efficiency of 4.2 cd/A and a maximum power efficiency of 3.9 lm/W. Using DPF as host material, the performance is much better than that of a prototypical Alq₃-based device, which has a maximum efficiency of 1.9 cd/A and 0.6 lm/W. The performance is even comparable with red OLEDs using an assist dopant or a cohost emitter system. Results of this work indicate that DPF is a promising host material for red OLEDs with high efficiency and simple device structure.     

稠密等离子体聚焦装置的中子产额及其稳定性研究

叙述了稠密等离子体聚焦装置(DPF)作为中子发生器的工作原理，讨论了影响DPF中子产额及其稳定性的一些因素和改进措施。利用不同电极形状、不同绝缘气体的场崎变开关可以很好地提高聚焦装置的运行性能，使装置输出中子的起伏由过去的约两个量级降到目前的3倍左右。通过对腔内电极的清洁，在不更换气体的条件下。中子产额无明显下降。     

Experimental characterization of ultrafine particle emissions from a light-duty diesel engine equipped with a standard DPF

A detailed experimental characterization of the particle emissions of a EURO 5 light-duty Diesel engine, equipped with a wall flow Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), is presented. Particle Size Distributions (PSDs) in the range from 4.5 up to 160 nm have been measured at the engine exhaust by means of a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, during both DPF accumulation and regeneration phase. During accumulation, the size-dependent DPF removal efficiency has been evaluated by PSDs measurements at both inlet and outlet of the filter. The maximum efficiency was found in the range 10-40 nm. Nevertheless, the DPF ensures a strong reduction in the emissions for the sub-23 nm nanoparticles too, with an efficiency between 91–95%. Unless for the warm-up phase, the engine operating conditions do not have a great impact on the particles emitted due to the high DPF removal efficiency. The measurements carried out during the regeneration phase evidenced that particle emissions strongly depend on DPF temperature. Actually, once the soot burnout temperature is reached, soot oxidation starts and a great amount of particles in terms of PN is released. Overall, PSDs showed an increase in particle number concentration up to two order of magnitude with respect to the emissions measured during the accumulation phase.     

利用Si–PIN探测器测量DPF装置中子产额

介绍了Si-PIN中子探测器的结构和测量原理,分析了探测器对14MeV中子的灵敏度.利用该探测器测量了等离子焦点装置的D-T脉冲中子产额,实验结果与SDIN500探测器测量结果在5?%不确定度范围内一致     

影响DPF焦点装置中子稳定性的因素和改进措施

简要叙述了稠密等离子体聚焦装置作为中子发生器的工作原理，对影响稠密等离子体聚焦装置放电出中子产额及其稳定性的一些因素和改进措施进行了简单讨论．通过使用不同电极形状的场畸变开关很好地提高了焦点装置的运行，使装置输出中子的起伏得到明显的改善．通过对腔内电极的清洁，在不更换气体的条件下，聚焦装置放电出中子产额稳定.The principle of dense plasma focus(DPF) as neutron generator has been investigated in this paper. We have stated briefly some factors that mainly influnce the DPF s neutron yield and some methods improving the stability of neutron yields on the dense plasma focus. It is showed that the fluctuation of DPF output neutron becomes smaller by using different types of field-distortion elements. Over 100 consecutive shots without purging the test gas the neutron yields has no obvious change.     

Z-pinch中PF腔中子发射的产生机制

采用束 靶机制和热核机制,利用Maxwell分布,推导了等离子体焦点装置的中子产生机制、热核反应速率、中子平均能量及中子反映速率.Using the machanism of beam target and heat nuclics, the scaling relationship between the neutron yields of denser plasma focus and the PF plasma current is induced.The results of DPF .The principle is brief discussed with denser plasma focus(DPF) as the neutron generator.We have stated that some factors that influnce the DPF discharging to produce neutron yield and some methodsthat improve stability of neutron yields on the denser plasma focus(DPF).     

Effect of cathode structure on neutron yield performance of a miniature plasma focus device

In this Letter we report the effect of two different cathode structures - tubular and squirrel cage, on neutron output from a miniature plasma focus device. The squirrel cage cathode is typical of most DPF sources, with an outer, tubular envelope that serves as a vacuum housing, but does not carry current. The tubular cathode carries the return current and also serves as the vacuum envelope, thereby minimizing the size of the DPF head. The maximum average neutron yield of (1.82±0.52)×¹⁰⁵ n/shot for the tubular cathode at 4 mbar was enhanced to (1.15±0.2)×¹⁰⁶ n/shot with squirrel cage cathode at 6 mbar operation. These results are explained on the basis of a current sheath loading/mass choking effect. The penalty for using a non-transparent cathode negates the advantage of the smaller size of the DPF head.     

Structural modifications induced in Bayfol polycarbonate due to heavy highly energetic ions irradiations

The effects of 28 GeV ⁵⁶Fe and 13.72 GeV ²⁸Si ion irradiation on the structural properties of two types of Bayfol, namely DPF 5023 and CR 1–4 polycarbonates, have been investigated. It is worth mentioning that this report is almost the first one dealing with the topic of material changes in such a high energy range. Samples from each type of Bayfol were classified into two groups. The first group has been exposed to Fe ion fluences at levels between 2000 and 8000 ion/cm². The second group has been exposed to Si ions with similar fluences. The total energy deposited is between 27.44 and 224 E12 eV. The modifications induced in Bayfol samples due to ion irradiation have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the Fe ion irradiation causes crosslinking in Bayfol DPF 5023, reflected as a decrease in the ordering character. Also, the tendency of Bayfol CR 1–4 to crosslinking due to Fe ion irradiation is lower than that of Bayfol DPF 5023. On the other hand, the Si ion irradiation causes mainly chain scission at the carbonate site of both types of Bayfol associated with the formation of hydroxyl group.