力学性能对Bi-2223/Ag超导带材临界电流影响实验研究

本文主要研究了在77K温度下,拉伸应变和弯曲应变对Bi-2223/Ag超导带材临界电流的影响,得到了超导带材的临界电流随拉伸强度、曲率半径变化规律.实验结果显明,拉伸作用在超导带材上产生的形变对其临界电流(Ic)的影响存在一个临界值εirr=0.3%.形变小于此临界值,Ic变化较小,超过此临界值,临界电流急剧下降.弯曲实验同样存在类似关系.同步辐射光源对超导带材检测表明,在形变情况下,超导氧化物陶瓷芯的微裂纹迅速增加和交织是Ic降低的主要原因.     

Bi系和YBCO超导带材不同弯曲应变下的临界电流和n指数比较

本文通过实验分别测试了不同弯曲直径下的Bi系和YBCO两种高温超导带材的临界电流,并通过公式拟合得到了不同弯曲直径下的n指数.根据所得实验数据分别绘制了两种带材的临界电流与弯曲直径、n指数与弯曲直径、临界电流衰减率与弯曲应变关系曲线,并将弯曲应变对两种带材临界电流和n指数的影响进行了比较分析.实验结果的分析发现两种带材的最小弯曲直径不同,可能与带材的结构有关,且极端弯曲条件下YBCO带材的临界电流衰减率远低于Bi系带材的临界电流衰减率.本实验结果对超导磁体的设计以及超导带材以线圈形式出现的一些其它电工应用有一定的参考意义.     

高温超导带材临界电流各向异性的试验研究

二代高温超导带材因其机械和磁场下的性能优于一代带材,近年来受到广泛关注。文中针对高温超导带材的特点,结合实验室的现有设备,设计了超导带材临界电流的测试平台,对三种二代高温超导带材在77K、不同磁场、不同角度下的临界电流进行了测量,分析了其在不同背景磁场和磁场角度下的各向异性,并用插值法拟合出了其临界电流与磁场及其角度的关系曲面,为超导磁体设计中高温超导带材临界电流的计算提供依据。     

一种新型YBCO高温超导带材临界电流特性测试方法

针对YBCO高温超导带材临界电流特性,文中基于四引线法,构造了一个集成有背景磁场发生装置的减压降温的低温测量装置。该装置包括一个提供背景磁场的双"E"形铁心线圈磁体;一个可以旋转0—360°的超导带材样本架以及一套可实现减压降温功能的低温测试系统。通过对低温杜瓦内温度、YBCO带材所处背景磁场大小、背景磁场与YBCO带材表面夹角的控制,实现了YBCO超导带材在不同温区、不同磁场及磁场方向下的临界电流特性的测量。这种新颖的测量方法和装置,综合考虑了环境温度、背景磁场和磁场方向变化的具体影响,能够获得较全面的YBCO高温超导带材临界电流性能参数。     

电流转移对MgB_2/Fe超导带材失超传播速度的影响

在MgB2/Fe超导带材中,Fe包套与MgB2超导芯的交界处有很薄的反应层,其主要成分为Fe2B和FeB,其电阻率很高,导致当电流在基材和超导芯间转移时存在一个转移长度,在这一长度上会产生电压分布并伴随有焦耳热产生,从而影响到带材的临界电流测量和热稳定性.本文使用分布电阻模型分析了MgB2/Fe超导带材中的电流转移特点,推导出电流转移长度的公式及由于电流转移产生的焦耳热.并把电流转移产生的焦耳热加入到MgB2/Fe超导带材在绝热条件下失超传播的一维分析当中,推导出失超传播速度的公式,对超导带材失超传播速度的传统计算公式进行了改进.本文对研究MgB2/Fe复合超导带材的热稳定性分析及MgB2超导带材的实用化具有参考价值.     

Bi系带材性能研究

本文介绍一种能够迅速获得Bi系带材多种性能参数的方法.它采用计算机进行数据采集和控制,在不断改变外力和外场的同时,对样品施加缓慢变化的传输电流,从而连续测出样品在不同应变和外场下的临界电流.该方法可以方便地获得Bi系带材的应力-应变曲线,临界电流-应变曲线,外场-临界电流曲线,不同应变下的伏安特性曲线以及不同外场下的伏安特性曲线等.通过对几种带材性能的研究表明,该方法简单实用,数据可靠,可供广大材料研究者和材料应用研究人员使用.     

电镀铜对YBCO超导带材临界电流影响的研究

钇系超导带材(YBCO)由于载流能力强、不可逆场高,是近年来高温超导材料领域的研究热点,并在电力行业实现示范应用。YBCO超导带材由基底、缓冲层、超导层和保护层组成,可通过电镀铜工艺实现保护层的制备。目前,有关电镀铜对YBCO超导带材临界电流的影响还鲜有报道。因此,本研究对比了镀铜前后YBCO超导带材的表面形貌和临界电流。实验结果表明:电镀铜在提高带材机械强度的同时,对其超导电性并无明显影响。     

高温超导带材长带Ic均匀性非接触连续测量系统

利用非接触法测量超导带材在去除背场后的剩余磁场是一种测量超导带材沿长度方向临界电流均匀性的行之有效的方法.超导带材的性质沿长度方向是变化的,去除背场后的剩余磁场可以被探测并且正比于超导带材的临界电流的大小.本文还提出一种利用非接触法测量超导带材临界电流均匀性的设备的设计方案,主要用于超导带材临界电流均匀性的快速和自动化测量.     

拉伸应力下的高温超导带材临界电流特性研究

针对在低温、拉伸应力共同作用下,高温超导带材临界电流测量困难的问题,详细介绍了一种独立改造后的简便拉伸设备,利用四引线法对两种具有代表性的高温超导带材的临界电流进行了测量,并对结果进行了一系列的验证,证明了此设备能较好的完成测量任务。最后,结合带材的物理结构,简要分析了临界电流产生变化的原因。对今后的测量工作和超导磁体的设计与制备有一定的指导意义。     

第二代高温超导带材在不同搭接方式下的电流转移长度

第二代高温超导带材YBCO由多层材料构成,超导层在基带上制备,带材的横截面结构是不对称的。高温超导带材的不对称结构使带材接头有不同的搭接方式,电流转移至超导层有不同的路径,导致接头处的电流转移长度不同。由此,选取了YBCO超导带材之间搭接和YBCO超导带材与铜带间搭接两种接头,分析了超导带材在不同搭接方式下的电流转移长度,并进行了实验测量。结果显示,铜带与超导带搭接时,分铜-正、铜-反两种搭接方式,两种方式下的电流转移长度分别是15和25mm;超导带与超导带搭接时,分正-正、正-反、反-反三种方式,三种方式下的电流转移长度分别是5、10和15mm。     

窄丝化工艺对第二代高温超导带材临界电流特性的影响

超导带材应用于超导电力设备时,其临界电流特性受外界交变磁场大小和方向的影响,展现出明显的各向异性.为了减小外场对超导带材的影响,本文通过窄丝化工艺将4 mm宽的高温超导带材分切成2 mm宽的高温超导细丝.本文通过冷热循环疲劳测试实验和带材显微观察两个角度相互验证,对2 mm超导细丝临界电流性能做了具体评估.创新性地提出"在窄丝化工艺中引入电镀铜工艺作为过渡来改善超导细丝临界电流特性",通过实验以及显微观察证实"电镀铜工艺能够在超导细丝表面生成铜保护层,有效降低超导细丝临界电流的衰减".本文也为后续超导细丝在复合结构的应用中提供了重要参考.     

Indirect measurement of AC current distributions in HTS tapes by a pickup coil method

It is necessary to develop HTS conductors with a large current capacity and low AC loss characteristics for practical use of HTS power devices. For large capacity power applications, HTS tapes such as Bi-2223 tapes and YBCO coated conductors are assembled. So, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of current distributions in such assembled HTS tapes. However, an adequate measurement method has not been established. In this study, we have tried the development of an indirect measurement method to evaluate the current distributions in stacked HTS tapes. In this method, the current distributions are indirectly found from the results of the field distributions measured by a pickup coil located around the surface of the sample tapes. To confirm the accuracy and the sensitivity of this method, current distributions in a test conductor made of copper tapes are measured. Numerical and measured current distributions are compared. Using this method, the current distributions in stacked Bi-2223 tapes are measured at room temperature and 77 K. On the basis of the obtained results, the characteristics of the AC current distributions in the HTS tapes are discussed.     

脉冲磁化下高温超导带叠层导体的力学特征分析

第二代(RE)BCO 高温超导带可以进行切割和堆叠以形成叠层状的复合导体结构, 具备磁化后捕获强磁场的潜力. 脉冲磁化条件下, 叠层导体会受到电-磁-热多物理场作用, 易对高温超导带的力学稳定性造成不利影响.本文基于电磁场 H 格式和热传导方程对叠层导体进行了多场耦合建模分析, 同时结合有限元方法, 分析了圆柱形叠层导体脉冲磁化过程中的应力分布特性. 结果显示, 环向拉应力是叠层导体的主要破坏因素. 环向应力的主导成分为热应力, 其变化趋势与热应力变化高度吻合. 热应力在叠层内部处于较低水平, 表现为拉应力, 沿半径逐渐变更为压缩应力, 在边缘区域达到峰值-34 MPa, 随后转变为拉应力, 并在边界处达到峰值38 MPa, 峰值时间点都位于升磁阶段, 降磁阶段峰值不断降低     

Investigation of Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting tape as the material for gradient coil in MRI

The use of Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting (HTS) tape as a material for gradient coils in MRI is evaluated in this paper. Bi-2223 tapes have a very high critical current and a very low power loss. A HTS tape gradient coil is expected to provide much higher gradient strength and generate much lower heating than a copper coil. Measurements of the AC power loss of Bi-2223 tapes at typical operating frequencies for gradient coils are presented. The degradation of the critical current and its effect on the increase of AC power loss is analyzed. Practical technical issues such as resistance, gradient strength and mechanical performance are also discussed. A prototype Bi-2223 HTS tape gradient coil is evaluated to verify the concept.     

Effect of the twisting chirality configuration on the electromechanical behavior of multilayer superconducting tapes

Seeking a geometry that can withstand greater transverse loads based on the electromechanical material properties of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tape is an effective way of improving the transport performance of HTS cables. The cabling method requires the determination of the optimum twist angle of the HTS tape for withstanding transverse loads. This paper investigates the critical current characteristics of HTS tapes under combined deformation. The limit range of the twist angle under the combined deformation is measured and the optimum twist angle of the HTS tape is determined. The results show that the twisting chirality configuration obviously affects the bending strength of the HTS tape. In the elastic range, increasing the pre-twist angle increases the bending strength of the HTS tape, thereby improving the transport performance. In addition, a numerical model is built to further investigate the effect of the twisting chirality configuration on the electromechanical properties of the HTS tape, and the experimental results are explained. The experimental and simulation results generally agree well, and calculations show that there is always a sharp change in stress at the interface of different materials. These findings explain the mechanism of the effect of the twisting chirality configuration on the mechanical behavior and critical current of the HTS tape. They also provide a reference for cabling methodologies for the HTS cable configuration.     

Evaluation of critical current based on a new transition concept

The critical current of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tapes depends on temperature, magnetic field, and flux angle against the tape. Analyzing the performance of an HTS coil relies on the critical current equation, which has these dependencies. To date, the critical current equation has been obtained by fitting the measured data. However, this fitting method requires the time-consuming and laborious work of measuring the tapes. In this study, based on a new transition concept in applying a magnetic field, we show how to obtain the critical current equation, while keeping the temperature constant. From the wave function of the Cooper pair which distributes along a magnetic flux quantum, a wave function at the transition state is obtained; this yields the wave functions with perpendicular and parallel magnetic components against the tape. Combining these wave functions yields the conclusive critical current density equation. To confirm the accuracy of this equation, used Bi-2223/Ag tapes, it was compared with the measured critical current under various magnetic fields and flux angles; it was found that they agree well. The parameters of this equation can be obtained by measuring the perpendicular/parallel critical magnetic field component. This equation does not require fitting the measured data, therefore, it can be employed with any Bi-2223/Ag tape.     

二代高温超导带材耐高温性能研究

通过有限元软件对由20层高温超导带材所制成的超导叠带在覆铝时的温度分布进行模拟,模拟结果表明在覆铝过程中两侧带材均会经历420°C以上的高温.对几种高温超导带材在不同温度和持续时间下,对其ReBCO侧、哈氏合金侧和双侧分别加热进行高温实验,测试得出了各带材临界电流的退化情况.实验结果表明,高温对带材造成了性能退化,不同...     

临界电流磁矢量分析法在YBCO线圈上的验证

高温超导磁体临界电流磁矢量分析法准确地预测了BSCCO高温超导磁体的临界电流,为了进一步验证该方法预测YBCO高温超导磁体临界电流的准确性,文中作者用9.3m二代高温超导YBCO带材绕制了一个内径为70mm,外径为100mm,共35匝的单饼,测试了单饼5-15匝,15-25匝,25-35匝和5-35匝在77K下的临界电流,并用磁矢量分析法进行了仿真分析。通过对比发现,仿真分析和实验结果的误差在5%左右,最大误差是6.75%,最小误差是4.77%,验证了磁矢量分析法在预测YBCO高温超导磁体临界电流时的准确性。     

超导变压器绕组环流及漏磁场计算

高温超导变压器的漏磁场降低绕组中的临界电流并增加交流损耗;超导材料的零电阻特性使得绕组限制环流的能力极低.因此,在设计超导变压器时,进行磁场分析和环流计算显得尤其重要.本文采用场-路结合的方法,即在用ANSYS求得反映变压器各支路之间电磁耦合的电感矩阵的基础上列出电路方程,计算了变压器低压绕组5种不同形式的各支路电流分布,并进而分析了磁场.同时提出了减小环流和改善磁场分布的一些措施.