Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带临界电流各向异性的实验测量及分析

本文介绍了Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带临界电流各向异性的实验测量方法及原理,指出了在不同磁场方向(与超导带面夹角)下,Bi-2223/Ag带临界电流随直流背景磁场的变化规律以及实验应注意的问题.Bi-2223/Ag带材的各向异性决定了其临界电流对垂直于带材表面的磁场非常敏感,这是该带材在高温超导磁体等强电应用方面的不利因素.     

外场下机械振动对高温超导带材交流损耗的影响

高温超导带材在磁场中传输交变电流时,将受到电磁力的作用而产生机械振动,振动对带材的交流损耗将产生影响.本文讨论了振动情况下交流损耗的测量方法,在平行于带面的直流磁场下,测量了Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材在不同振动情况下的交流损耗.结果显示:当传输电流频率偏离样品的共振频率时,振动对带材的交流损耗影响不大;只有当电流频率在共振频率附近时,样品产生剧烈振动,交流损耗才有明显的增加;另外,带材振动时的交流损耗随频率变化曲线的斜率比不振动时略有增加.     

ITER电流引线高温超导叠制作工艺及性能测试

ITER高温超导电流引线载流能力最大要达到68 kA,一根电流引线共需要1000多根银金基Bi-2223高温超导带并联.这些高温超导带分成90叠,每叠由12层带组成.银金基Bi-2223带价格是普通银基Bi系带的4～5倍,而目前欧洲超导公司提供的超导叠的报价几乎是其带价格加倍,所以开发超导叠的制作工艺是非常有价值的.本文详细的介绍了超导叠的真空钎焊制作工艺,并进行了77 K下超导带的接头电阻测试和77 K自场下的临界电流测试,以及模拟在实际运行温度65～5 K条件下高温超导叠的载流能力测试和接头电阻的测试.测试结果证明了此工艺的可行性.     

Investigation of Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting tape as the material for gradient coil in MRI

The use of Bi-2223 high temperature superconducting (HTS) tape as a material for gradient coils in MRI is evaluated in this paper. Bi-2223 tapes have a very high critical current and a very low power loss. A HTS tape gradient coil is expected to provide much higher gradient strength and generate much lower heating than a copper coil. Measurements of the AC power loss of Bi-2223 tapes at typical operating frequencies for gradient coils are presented. The degradation of the critical current and its effect on the increase of AC power loss is analyzed. Practical technical issues such as resistance, gradient strength and mechanical performance are also discussed. A prototype Bi-2223 HTS tape gradient coil is evaluated to verify the concept.     

一维热传播模型下高温超导带的失超特性研究

对Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材的失超传播特性进行了研究。测量了Bi-2223/Ag带材在有绝缘材料包裹和液氮浸泡环境下的电压变化曲线,同时利用一维热流方程模型,模拟出超导体失超传播过程中由超导态过渡到正常态的温度变化行为,同时还对传输电流和触发能量对失超传播速度的影响进行了实验研究。这些工作对高温超导磁体及电力系统的应用有着重要的参考价值。     

Decrease of magnetic AC loss in twisted-filament Bi-2223 tapes

In AC power-engineering applications, a large part of the AC loss in the superconductor is due to magnetization by the external field. This magnetic AC loss has been well described for the low-T_c conductors. In Bi-2223 tapes the picture is different due to strong anisotropy, granularity and flux creep. Magnetic AC loss in various twisted and non-twisted Bi-2223 tapes has been measured at power frequencies by a pickup method. The results are compared to theoretical models of magnetization loss. When the field is parallel to the tape plane, the filaments in twisted tapes can be decoupled and the AC loss is decreased even when the matrix is pure silver. The extra effect of higher-resistance matrix materials is studied. In perpendicular field it is more difficult to decouple the filaments, due to the particular tape geometry. Contrary to a wire, there are essential differences between the AC loss mechanisms in a long twisted tape and those in a short piece of non-twisted tape. Finally, the dynamic resistance caused by the AC magnetic field is examined.     

Bi2223/Ag带小型高温超导实验磁体设计

Bi2223／Ag带材的强各向异性决定了其临界电流对垂直于带材表面的磁场非常敏感，这是该带材在高温超导磁体等强电应用方面的不利因素。我们从减小磁体最大径向场BRmax对磁体运行电流的影响、充分利用超导材料的原则出发，讨论了高温超导磁体的设计方法。在小型Bi2223／Ag实验磁体的设计中，根据对径向磁场的计算、分析，确定了磁体的工作点。     

传输交流的Bi2223/Ag高温超导带在不同取向交流外场下的交流损耗

在高温超导的电力应用中，如超导电机、变压器等，多数情况下，高温超导带材在通以交流传输电流的同时还处于交变磁场中。此时，超导体的交流损耗不仅依赖于磁场的大小，还与磁场相对于超导带面的取向有关。本文在77K及工频50Hz情况下，实验研究了单根多芯Bi2223/Ag高温超导带及两带并联时的交流损耗随着外磁场与带面夹角的变化情况；以及交流磁场对临界电流的影响情况；并对单根带及两带并联的实验结果进行了比较与分析。     

35kJ高温超导储能磁体的优化设计

介绍了35kJ高温超导储能磁体的设计步骤。为了减少常规寻优方法的计算量,将加权粒子群优化算法(WPSO)引入到高温超导储能磁体的优化设计中,给出了用B i-2223超导线材进行35kJ储能磁体设计的优化结果,分析了高温超导线材的各向异性对磁体临界电流的影响,并比较了两种不同的单螺线管磁体结构在不同优化目标的情况下,超导线材用量和杂散磁场的分布的变化。     

Indirect measurement of AC current distributions in HTS tapes by a pickup coil method

It is necessary to develop HTS conductors with a large current capacity and low AC loss characteristics for practical use of HTS power devices. For large capacity power applications, HTS tapes such as Bi-2223 tapes and YBCO coated conductors are assembled. So, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of current distributions in such assembled HTS tapes. However, an adequate measurement method has not been established. In this study, we have tried the development of an indirect measurement method to evaluate the current distributions in stacked HTS tapes. In this method, the current distributions are indirectly found from the results of the field distributions measured by a pickup coil located around the surface of the sample tapes. To confirm the accuracy and the sensitivity of this method, current distributions in a test conductor made of copper tapes are measured. Numerical and measured current distributions are compared. Using this method, the current distributions in stacked Bi-2223 tapes are measured at room temperature and 77 K. On the basis of the obtained results, the characteristics of the AC current distributions in the HTS tapes are discussed.     

高温超导磁体临界电流影响因素的研究

临界电流值是描述Bi2223高温超导带材性能的一个基本参数,在一定的温度条件下,Bi2223高温超导带材的临界电流是带材所在位置磁场大小和磁场方向的函数,其短样的临界电流值可以通过四引线法测量,单根超导带材的自场很小,磁场对临界电流的影响可以忽略.高温超导磁体的临界电流被定义成引发该磁体失超的最小电流,高温超导磁体的自场比单根超导带材的自场要大得多,磁体各个位置的磁场大小和方向各不相同,很难用理论的方法准确计算磁体的临界电流.对于高温超导磁体而言,除了磁场的影响因素以外,绕制磁体所用的超导带材自身的均匀性也是影响其临界电流的一个重要因素.本文对这两个因素进行探讨,并着重讨论高温超导带材自身的均匀性对临界电流大小的影响,本文的结论可以为高温超导磁体的设计、磁体绕制时带材的选择、磁体运行时安全工作电流的确定提供帮助.     

电力系统动模实验用50kJ高温超导储能磁体的设计研究

介绍了 2 0 K下对电力系统动模实验用 5 0 k J高温超导储能磁体的设计步骤 ,给出了用 Bi- 2 2 2 3单根超导带进行5 0 k J磁体线圈的设计和优化结果 ,分析了高温超导体的各向异性对磁体临界电流的影响和磁体漏磁的分布 ,并讨论了用单根高温超导带组成的超导体和用多根高温超导带组成的超导体设计的储能磁体的特性参数对改善电力系统动态特性的能力的影响。     

铁磁材料作用于Bi-2223带材临界电流的研究

主要研究了铁磁材料对Bi-2223带材的临界电流的影响。通过计算铁磁材料在不同布局下对带材磁场分布的影响,进行了相应的临界电流测试实验。分析表明,将铁磁材料垂直放在带材边缘能有效地提高带材的临界电流。     

Bi2223/Ag高温超导带的侧向弯曲率对载流能力的影响

Bi2 2 2 3银包套超导带材是研制高温超导磁体和高温超导强电应用的基础。文中就对高温超导磁体最大运行电流有重要影响的 Bi2 2 2 3银包套带材侧向弯曲形变进行了初步探讨 ,就不同的侧向弯曲率对超导带载流能力的影响进行了实验测试 ,并提出了提高 HTS磁体最大运行电流的方法。     

磁约束等离子体推进器高温超导磁体系统的电磁计算

在地面实验中磁约束等离子体推进器磁体系统是靠四个NbTi低温超导磁体提供磁场,现在设计依靠G-M制冷机传导制冷的由Bi2223超导带材绕制成的四个高温超导磁体替代以前的四个低温超导磁体.本文利用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行电磁计算,得出高温超导磁体的参数。     

Bi-2223／Ag超导闭合线圈的制备及其电流衰减特性的研究

本文研究了使用Bi-2223／Ag超导带材制备超导闭合线圈的工艺及超导闭合线圈中电流衰减的特性．在闭合线圈焊接点的制作上，分别采用了超导焊接和普通焊锡焊接两种不同方法．通过测量闭合线圈中心点的磁场衰减过程，观察了这两种闭合线圈中电流衰减的特性．实验发现，使用超导焊接技术制备的闭合线圈，电流衰减与时间的自然对数成线性关系，在线圈局部受损伤的情况下，上述关系仍然成立；使用普通焊锡焊接方法制备的闭合线圈，电流衰减不存在上述关系，但也不是时间的e指数函数．     

Bi-2223/Ag超导带材的失超传播速度研究

文中对超导带材的失超产生机理进行了详细分析,建立了其失超传播的计算模型。在此基础上,对Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材失超传播进行了实验研究,用四引线法测得不同条件下其失超传播的U-t曲线,由此计算出Bi-2223/Ag超导带材的失超传播速度为0.4cm/s～1.98cm/s。实验结果表明:带材的失超传播速度与载流大小有关,与触发失超的能量无关,带材载流越大,失超传播得越快。     

Reactivity and oxygen diffusion property of resistive barriers for Bi-2223/Ag tapes

Reactivity of several oxide materials (OM) with BSCCO powder and oxygen diffusion through OM layer has been tested at temperature ≈840 °C in air. The OM (e.g.: BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, MgO and ZrO₂) showing the low or no reactivity with BSCCO have been mixed (10 wt.%) with precursor powder and used for single-core tapes. Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag single-core tapes with oxide barriers made of BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ have been also prepared by a standard powder-in-tube technique. The used OM in the direct contact with BSCCO influences the electrical properties of Bi-2223 phase differently. These is because the oxides react with BSCCO during the heat treatment and simultaneously affect the 2212→2223 phase transformation, the Bi-2223 grain growth and so also grain connectivity. SrCO₃ powder has been evaluated as the best material from the point of no destructive effect on 2223 phase transport current property. The oxide barrier controls the oxygen diffusion during the tape heat treatment and simultaneously the HTS phase formation kinetics, its purity and content within the superconducting core. For single-core Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag tapes, the highest current density was measured for Al₂O₃ due to only slightly reduced oxygen diffusion through the barrier.     

Phase diagram for flux creep in Bi-2223 Ag-sheathed tapes

From magnetic relaxation measurements on monocore Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 tapes a phase diagram for flux creep is proposed. With increasing field and temperature a phase transition from 2D single vortex creep to 2D collective vortex creep is found. Both the phase transition and the irreversibility line are shifted to higher temperatures for samples with higher transport critical current density.     

Bi-2223复合导体直流磁场下自场损耗热稳定性分析

对于一种Bi-2223的复合导体,利用ANSYS软件,我们分析了在直流磁场下励磁过程中,自场损耗对复合导体热稳定性的影响;然后假定Bi-2223超导带内不同的损耗值,通过计算,确定了达到超导带分流温度的最小损耗值。