自由落体法测量重力加速度实验装置的改进

针对高中物理教材中自由落体运动实验装置的不足,做了相应改进.改进后的装置采用3个光电门,消除了初始速度的不确定对测量结果的影响,可快速实现在实验所在地正常大气压或接近真空的低气压下观测自由落体运动并精确测算重力加速度,通过外接气泵可实现在多种大气压下的自由落体运动测试.     

2.7～3.0μm波段高反镜反射率测量研究

中红外激光领域广泛使用高性能高反射光学元件,高反射率高精度测试技术是制备高性能反射光学元件的基础。针对2.7～3.0μm波段光学元件高反射率测量的实际需求,基于量子级联激光器建立了连续光腔衰荡反射率测试实验装置,通过优选2.7～3.0μm波段反射带内水汽吸收较弱的测试波长,分析空气中水汽吸收对衰荡时间和反射率测量的影响,并比较空气和氮气环境下反射率测量结果,实现了2.7～3.0μm波段高反镜反射率的准确测量,在反射率约99.95%时绝对测量精度优于2×10-5。实验结果显示,采用测试波长2.9μm并在测量时保证初始腔和测试腔腔长相同,无需使用氮气环境,直接在实验室空气环境可实现高反射率的精确测量。     

超声光栅测声速实验方法的探索

对实验室现有的超声光栅测声速实验装置加装反射镜及利用激光光源进行改进,通过对样品纯净水的测试比较,改进后的实验装置对实验测量结果精度有明显提高。测试样品的范围扩大,实现了物理实验技术和方法与石油专业相结合,有利于提高实验教学效果。     

滴水感应起电仪的实验及其改进研究

滴水自激感应起电仪,即开尔文滴水感应起电仪,是利用水滴流动与玻璃管摩擦起电,并静电感应循环累积电荷而产生越来越高的电位差的静电起电装置。本文通过对装置的系统划分,研究各部分对最终起电现象的影响,主要在漏电测试、电荷累积测量和仪器装置材料更换等方面来改进仪器装置。经过实验改进后,开尔文滴水感应起电仪的起电效果明显,现象稳定。     

基于改进Census变换和异常值剔除的抗噪立体匹配算法

针对Census变换易受噪声影响使得立体匹配算法难以获取高匹配精度的问题,提出了一种改进Census变换和异常值剔除的抗噪立体匹配算法.在初始匹配代价阶段,该方法首先将窗口邻域中值作为参考值并通过映射函数控制异常值,提高了单像素匹配代价的可靠性;然后在代价聚合阶段,对动态聚合窗口中初始代价值进行异常值剔除;最后通过视差计算、视差优化得到最终的视差图.在VS2013软件平台上采用Middlebury标准测试图对初始匹配代价、代价聚合、最终视差图阶段进行测试.实验结果表明,本文算法的抗噪性能优于现有Census变换算法,且错误匹配率达到5.71%.     

低温高强度复合材料绝缘子的研制和性能测试

在EAST全超导核聚变实验装置中,绝缘子担负着超导磁体冷却回路和带电回路之间的绝缘重任,是保证超导磁体稳定运行的关键部件,EAST装置进行放电实验时绝缘子必须承受4.2K低温、高氦气压(5MPa)和高电压环境的多重考验。文中介绍了一种使用环氧树脂和玻璃纤维复合材料制作的高强度绝缘子的研制工艺,并对该绝缘子在室温和低温下的机械性能测试、冷热循环测试、耐氦气压测试和电绝缘性能测试进行了详细的介绍,一系列测试结果表明,该类型绝缘子能满足EAST复杂条件下的绝缘性能要求。     

低温推进剂贮存中SOFI和MLI实验研究

根据低温推进剂长时间在轨贮存的要求,设计并搭建了绝热系统地面验证测试装置,对绝热系统的热力学性能进行测试。针对55L贮箱,采用了泡沫绝热(spray on foam insulation,SOFI)和多层绝热(multilayer insulation,MLI)结合的复合绝热系统,分别在高真空(5×10^-3Pa以上)和大气压条件下进行了验证实验(液氮作为替代工质)。贮箱外绝热系统为15m m厚泡沫绝热层和45组多层绝热时,高真空条件下液氮日蒸发率为0.77%,多层绝热层表观热导率为1.29×10^-4W/(m·K),据此折算为液氧时日蒸发率为0.55%。将高真空和大气压条件下的实验结果比较发现,泡沫绝热层所占热阻分别为总热阻的0.19%和45.14%。     

润滑油溶解对混合工质组分浓度改变的实验研究

建立了气液溶解平衡实验装置,研究润滑油溶解对低温混合工质浓度的改变。采用商用矿物润滑油3GS对2组混合工质进行了实验研究,实验温度范围为36～100℃,压力范围为157.1～832.6kPa.实验结果表明:由于润滑油的溶解,混合工质浓度改变明显,第一组混合工质中组分最大相对浓度改变率为-40.32%,第二组混合工质中组分最大相对浓度改变率为24.54%.和初始浓度相比,浓度变化趋势为高沸点烷烃浓度减少,低沸点烷烃(或氮气)浓度升高.     

基于卷积神经网络的HL-2A装置H模辨识研究

基于HL-2A装置的放电实验数据，利用卷积神经网络和时间窗口算法开发了高约束(H)模时段的识别算法，得到了可靠的高成功率的高约束模时段识别结果。算法中，选取206次放电实验数据中等离子体储能及氘α通道信号作为双通道原始数据进行学习，得到一个深度为21层的二分类卷积神经网络。该网络模型经过其他474次放电数据的测试集检验，高约束模识别的正确率达到了98.17%。     

中红外光参变振荡器在高反射率测量中的应用

根据光腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)原理,使用中红外光参变振荡器(OPO)为光源建立了直腔与折叠腔相结合的中红外波段3.6 μm 反射率测量实验装置,用于研究中红外波段的高反射膜反射率,测试精度为10-4。使用直型衰荡光腔测试了三对不同薄膜材料设计镀制的高反射腔镜的反射率,并选择了一对腔镜用于实验装置中。采用该装置精确测试了不同薄膜材料镀制的高反射膜的反射率,包括YbF3/ZnS,YbF3 /ZnSe多层膜,以及由银加保护膜镀制的反射镜。研究表明,中红外波段介质膜的反射率可达到R>0.9990,其中由YbF3/ZnSe镀制在硅基底上的多层介质膜3.6 μm反射率可达到99.96％。     

氨用制冷系统蒸发式冷凝器的能耗研究

从理论上对蒸发式和水冷式冷凝器能耗进行对比;针对不同品牌的大、中、小型蒸发式冷凝器,采用能耗系数(￠)其进行能耗研究;分别对同一制冷系统中的两种冷凝器进行实例计算.结果表明:无论能耗还是初投资,蒸发式冷凝器均优于水冷式冷凝器,采用蒸发式冷凝器更加节能.     

Experimental and predictive study on the performance and energy consumption characteristics for the regeneration of activated alumina assisted by ultrasound

Activated alumina used in dehumidification should be regenerated at more than 110 °C temperature, resulting in excessive energy consumption. Comparative experiments were conducted to study the feasibility and performance of ultrasonic assisted regeneration so as to lower the regeneration temperature and raise the efficiency. The mean regeneration speed, regeneration degree, and enhanced rate were used to evaluate the contribution of ultrasound in regeneration. The effective moisture diffusivity and desorption apparent activation energy were calculated by theoretical models, revealed the enhanced mechanism caused by ultrasound. Also, we proposed some specific indexes such as unit energy consumption and energy-saving ratio to assess the energy-saving characteristics of this process. The unit energy consumption was predicted by artificial neural network (ANN), and the recovered moisture adsorption of activated alumina was measured by the dynamic adsorption test. Our analysis illustrates that the introduction of power ultrasound in the process of regeneration can reduce the unit energy consumption and improve the recovered moisture adsorption, the unit energy consumption was decreased by 68.69% and the recovered moisture adsorption was improved by 16.7% under 180 W power ultrasound compared with non-ultrasonic assisted regeneration at 70 °C when initial moisture adsorption was 30%. Meanwhile, an optimal regeneration condition around the turning point could be obtained according to the predictive results of ANN, which can minimize the unit energy consumption. Moreover, it was found that a larger specific surface area of activated alumina induced by ultrasound contributed to a better recovered moisture adsorption.     

多功能试验室的研制

根据ANSI/ARI 210/240、ASHRAE37、GB/T 7725的相关要求,设计并建造一套测试最大容量为3HP房间空调器的空气焓值法试验室;同时根据电冰箱试验标准ANSI/AHAM HRF-1、GB/T 8059.1-4等改进成为多功能试验室。该多功能试验室能够模拟制冷产品的实际运行环境,提供一个稳定、精确的模拟环境,从而能对相关制冷产品的性能参数进行测量,同时能够用于不同的产品检测,实现一机多能、一机多用,节约能源,减少了设备投资。     

A test of performance of breast MRI interpretation in a multicentre screening study

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the consistency and performance of radiologists interpreting breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two test sets of eight cases comprising cancers, benign disease, technical problems and parenchymal enhancement were prepared from two manufacturers' equipment (X and Y) and reported by 15 radiologists using the recording form and scoring system of the UK MRI breast screening study [(MAgnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Screening (MARIBS)]. Variations in assessments of morphology, kinetic scores and diagnosis were measured by assessing intraobserver and interobserver variability and agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of reporting performances was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Intraobserver variation was seen in 13 (27.7%) of 47 of the radiologists' conclusions (four technical and seven pathological differences). Substantial interobserver variation was observed in the scores recorded for morphology, pattern of enhancement, quantification of enhancement and washout pattern. The overall sensitivity of breast MRI was high [88.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 77.4-94.7%], combined with a specificity of 69.2% (95% CI 60.5-76.7%). The sensitivities were similar for the two test sets (P=.3), but the specificity was significantly higher for the Manufacturer X dataset (P<.001). ROC curve analysis gave an area under the curve of 0.85 (95% CI 0.79-0.92) CONCLUSIONS: Substantial variation in all elements of the scoring system and in the overall diagnostic conclusions was observed between radiologists participating in MARIBS. High overall sensitivity was achieved with moderate specificity. Manufacturer-related differences in specificities possibly occurred because the numerical thresholds set for the scoring system were not optimised for both equipment manufacturers. Scoring systems developed on one equipment software may not be transferable to other manufacturers.     

微光和红外融合装备分辨力测试方法研究

在对微光装备分辨力测试和红外装备MRTD测试系统进行分析的基础上,提出了微光和红外融合装备的分辨力测试方案,利用现有的红外MRTD测试系统,通过改造光源、光源的入射光路和靶板,建立了微光与红外融合图像的图像分辨力测试系统,并对该方案进行了分析。分析结果表明,改造后的测试系统同时实现对红外的反射和对微光的透射,对红外温差的测量精度接近0.01 K,对微光照度的测试精度可以达到1 lx, 对融合图像分辨力的测试满足1/62≈0.891的倍数递减要求。     

非链式HF激光器能量稳定性影响因素实验研究

为提高非链式电激励脉冲HF激光的能量稳定性,分析了激光产生反应动力学和影响激光能量稳定性的主要因素,得知基态HF分子的生成、工作气体的温度上升以及工作气体C2H6的消耗是激光能量快速下降的主要原因。经实验研究,没有采用任何反应产物去除方法的情况下,激光器输出1600个脉冲激光后,激光能量下降率达31%,采用沸石分子筛吸附单元对基态HF分子进行吸附后,同样输出1600个脉冲激光,激光能量基本趋于平稳状态,且输出约5500个脉冲激光后,激光能量较初始平均值仅有10%的下降;另外,在激光器运行过程中,恢复工作气体的初始温度和补充少量的C2H6也能改善激光能量的稳定性,其中补充25%的C2H6气体可使激光能量提高近8%。由激光产生反应动力学和实验研究结果可知,增加分子筛吸附单元、工作气体温控单元和工作气体实时补给单元可提高激光能量的稳定性。     

通用串行航空总线综合测试系统设计

针对目前串行航空总线测试设备功能单一的问题,设计了一种兼容多总线的便携式通用串行航空总线综合测试系统。方案采用模块化设计,详细叙述了系统的硬件及软件设计,系统由通用串行总线仿真设备终端与测试分析设备构成,系统涉及多种串行航空总线,可完成多总线仿真激励输出、监控接收及数据仿真分析功能,可最大程度满足航空电子系统的设备与系统仿真需求。实验结果表明,该通用串行航空总线综合测试系统稳定性好、可靠性高、使用便捷,满足设计需求。     

Dependence of single event upsets sensitivity of low energy proton on test factors in 65 nm SRAM

In order to accurately predict the single event upsets(SEU) rate of on-orbit proton, the influence of the proton energy distribution, incident angle, supply voltage, and test pattern on the height, width, and position of SEU peak of low energy protons(LEP) in 65 nm static random access memory(SRAM) are quantitatively evaluated and analyzed based on LEP testing data and Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that different initial proton energies used to degrade the beam energy will bring about the difference in the energy distribution of average proton energy at the surface and sensitive region of the device under test(DUT), which further leads to significant differences including the height of SEU peak and the threshold energy of SEU. Using the lowest initial proton energy is extremely important for SEU testing with low energy protons. The proton energy corresponding to the SEU peak shifts to higher average proton energies with the increase of the tilt angle, and the SEU peaks also increase significantly. The reduction of supply voltage lowers the critical charge of SEU, leading to the increase of LEP SEU cross section. For standard 6-transitor SRAM with bit-interleaving technology,SEU peak does not show clear dependence on three test patterns of logical checkerboard 55 H, all "1", and all "0". It should be noted that all the SEUs in 65 nm SRAM are single cell upset in LEP testing due to proton's low linear energy transfer(LET) value.     

Improving quality of service in four-channel WDM ethernet passive optical network

Energy-efficiency and green communications have become dominant topics related to access network implementation, since their energy consumption is a major contributor of energy consumption within the Internet. In this paper we analyze an implementation of a new energy-efficient dynamic bandwidth algorithm in a four-channel Wavelength Division Multiplexing Ethernet Passive Optical Network (WDM EPON), in which wavelength assignments take place per service class and not per Optical Network Unit (ONU). The improved Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm introduces independent bandwidth allocation for each wavelength, which results in efficient bandwidth management and utilization. The mathematical model for new DBA algorithm is described, as are changes to the Multi-Point Control Protocol (MPCP), necessary for its implementation. The obtained results show that the redefined DBA algorithm improves Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and as a consequently enables delivery of enhanced services to end-users. Significant energy savings are achieved without Quality of Service (QoS) degradation, and without network or equipment architecture changes.     

MINICOOL环境试验箱制冷系统设计

环境试验箱是一种提供高、低温环境的试验设备,主要用于机械、电子、电工、航空、航天及军事等领域的一些电子产品在高、低温环境下的性能测试、筛选及考核试验。试验箱制冷系统采用以R22/R23为工质的复叠制冷循环,以系统热负荷和试验箱性能指标为依据,计算出了系统各点的状态参数,以此为基础对压缩机进行了选型,对系统的其它制冷部件进行了设计。