用高空气球搭载微重力实验研究浮力对预混V形火焰的影响

在地面实验中观测到的燃烧现象,包含了浮力的影响。利用微重力实验在浮力消失后研究火焰,有助于深入理解燃烧过程。本文介绍了利用高空气球搭载微重力实验对甲烷－空气预混Ｖ形火焰的研究。实验提供了长时间微重力环境下火焰的动态图像。利用计算机图像处理方法对火焰图像的分析表明,在本实验的工况下,微重力下预混Ｖ形火焰锋面的张角比正常重力下变大,皱折和摆动加剧。这说明浮力确实影响预混燃烧过程。     

用OH-PLIF研究浮力对预混V形火焰的作用

在火焰和流动相互作用中,浮力是火焰影响流场的因素致一。研究浮力的作用有助于深入了解湍流燃烧的机理。本文利用甲烷－空气预混Ｖ形火焰研究浮力的作用。分析表明浮力不仅影响火焰的平均位置,还可能影响火焰的皱折。在１ｇｏ和μｇ下用ＯＨ－ＰＬＩＦ观测火焰,发现层流和湍流火焰呈现相反的浮力效应,这表明浮力确实影响火焰的皱折。另外,层流火焰锋面在μｇ下明显折皱,这意味着微重力也适于研究火焰中其他诱发流动的机制。     

迎风型TVD格式在高速进气道粘性流动模拟中的应用

迎风型ＴＶＤ格式在高速进气道粘性流动模拟中的应用刘晶昌，徐建中（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）邢君波（航天部３１所北京１０００８０）关键词超音速进气道，数值模拟，Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程１前言高速进气道流动做为一种非常复杂的流动，...     

湍流预混火焰中的浮力效应

本文利用数值模拟研究了浮力对湍流预混V形火焰平均速度场的影响,发现浮力效应主要体现在远场区域,而在火焰刷附近非常有限;利用落塔和 OH-PLIF 方法在正常重力和微重力下观测了火焰皱褶,发现浮力压制火焰皱褶的程度与湍流强度密切相关。分析表明斜压机理是浮力影响火焰皱褶的重要原因。     

用多重网格TVD－LW格式数值求解N－S方程

用多重网格ＴＶＤ－ＬＷ格式数值求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程刘建军，蒋洪德（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词：ＴＶＤ－ＬＷ格式，Ｎ－Ｓ方程一、前言用时间推进法数值求解雷诺平均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，不仅能够模拟从低亚音速到高超音速的复杂定常...     

两种TVD格式在跨音透平叶栅流场计算中的应用

两种ＴＶＤ格式在跨音透平叶栅流场计算中的应用黄伟光，刘建军（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词跨音速透平，Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程，ＴＶＤ格式１引言现代高负荷透平大都工作在跨音范围，研究发展能准确预测跨音速透平叶栅内部流场的激波位置与强度以及叶...     

影响纳米Cu固体材料性能的工艺参数研究

 采用正交试验方法，通过XRD，MHV2000型显微硬度计（数显）和基于浮力原理等测试手段研究了压制压力、保压时间、退火温度和退火时间对自悬浮定向流－冷压法制备纳米Cu固体材料性能（晶粒大小、密度及显微硬度）的影响。结果表明：对晶粒度而言，退火温度是显著性影响因素，同时表明纳米Cu固体具有较好的热稳定性；对密度而言，压制压力是显著性影响因素；对显微硬度而言，退火时间是显著性影响因素。     

重力对扩散射流火焰动态特性的影响

本文探讨重力对扩散射流火焰动态特性的影响规律。结果表明,火焰闪烁现象是一种浮力诱导不稳定性,在浮力消失或反向重力场中,不存在这种不稳定性现象,闪烁频率与燃料射流速度无直接关系,但涡的大小随燃料射流速度的增大而增大。存在触发火焰闪烁的临界高度,闪烁频率与重力成平方根关系式。反向重力情况下,也存在浮力稳定型平面火焰,它反映了浮力与火焰的耦合作用。     

应用低压下饱和液体PVT数据推算临界参数

应用低压下饱和液体ＰＶＴ数据推算临界参数童景山，高光华，李军，何峻（清华大学化学工程系北京１０００８４）关键词：临界参数推算法，饱和液体ＰＶＴ数据，低压一、前言纯物质的临界参数（Ｐｃ，Ｖｃ；Ｔｉ）在关联和予测物质的一系列热物性数据中得到广泛应用。临界...     

浮力对矩形射流扩散火焰影响的大涡模拟

本文对浮力作用下的矩形射流扩散燃烧过程进行了三维大涡模拟。数值模拟结果展示了浮力作用下矩形射流扩散火焰的动态弯曲过程,比较分析了射流速度对火焰刚性的影响,发现射流速度越高火焰弯曲程度越小、燃料喷射距离越远。对浮力作用下的水平射流横截面流动分析结果表明,由于流向涡的卷吸作用在局部区域存在逆着浮力方向的流动。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.