基于扩展光源的LED小角度自由曲面透镜设计

提出了一种基于扩展光源的自由曲面透镜设计算法,运用该算法实现了小角度的均匀照明。在扩展光源与接收面之间建立一种能量对应关系,利用非成像边缘光线法求出自由曲面轮廓曲线的离散数据点,拟合离散点并生成透镜实体。对不同光源尺寸的透镜进行非序列光线追迹模拟,讨论了光源的尺寸对于在均光前提下的发光角度的影响,模拟结果表明,该算法对扩展光源实现均匀照明有较好的适应性,光束的发散角控制在其最小角度。     

一种基于自由曲面的LED准直透镜设计

提出一种能实现准直光束照明的自由曲面透镜设计算法,并基于此算法设计一种以单颗LED为光源的准直透镜。通过建立透镜后表面轮廓曲线上的点所满足的方程,利用迭代方法并结合Matlab编程求出自由曲面轮廓曲线的离散数据点,将数据点导入SolidWorks中进行曲线拟合并建模,进而得到透镜的实体模型。在TracePro中对该透镜进行非序列光线追迹,模拟结果表明:该光学系统能够实现均匀照明,并对最终光线可实现准直出射。     

基于微分方程数值解的自由曲面透镜的设计

为满足目标面上均匀照明的需求,设计了一款自由曲面透镜。根据LED光源的发光特点,结合光学成像的特性,非成像光学原理和能量守恒定理,推导出实现光能量在目标面上均匀分布的自由曲面面形的微分方程,采用matlab的ode算法求出面形上的离散坐标点,对离散坐标点拟合后得到透镜模型,通过光学模拟仿真软件对透镜模型进行光线追迹。结果表明,配光角度为80°的透镜,透镜的口径与光源发光面宽度之比大于等于9时,目标面上的照度均匀性大于0.9,光能利用率约为85%。该设计方法可以快速精确地设计出所需的透镜,而且透镜结构紧凑,单颗就能实现均匀照明,有利于LED光源照明系统的小型化。     

基于Skew-Ray追迹法的均匀准直照明TIR透镜设计

依据LED点光源模型发光特性,以特定尺寸圆目标屏获得均匀准直照明为目标,采用Skew-Ray追迹法描述光线和设计TIR透镜,其中将透镜全反射区域进行简化处理,主要通过折射区域的双自由曲面相互配合控制光线实现照明目标。经过对透镜设计结果与1mm×1mm的LED扩展光源模型的组合进行非序列光线追迹模拟,模拟结果表明在距离光源2m范围内特定尺寸目标屏所获得光能利用率至少可达到79.6%,同时目标屏在近场和远场处照明均匀度可分别达到95.9%和83.9%,若以±1°作为光线准直半角标准,目标屏准直光线百分比可分别达到88.6%和73.8%。     

基于BreedPSO算法及交叠法的紧凑型大角度双自由曲面透镜设计

为了获得LED扩展光源大角度均匀照明,采用双自由曲面,设计了大角度紧凑型透镜。利用角度扩大函数使内自由曲面对光线发散,根据矢量Snell定律确定点源透镜的外自由曲面。采用交叠法优化双自由曲面扩展光源透镜模型,通过BreedPSO算法进一步优化。对于h/d=2.5的紧凑型系统,均匀度和光效分别为88.12%和84.54%,照明均匀度明显提高。照明系统横向安装位移误差在[0,0.3mm]内,均匀度及光效分别在85%及84%以上,纵向安装位移误差在[-0.04mm,0.05mm],均匀度及光效均在82%以上。     

实现近场均匀照明的双自由曲面大角度透镜设计

针对LED单自由曲面透镜近场大角度照明均匀性不足和出光效率低等问题,基于边缘光线理论和网格划分法,设计了内曲面为椭圆型,外曲面为自由曲面的LED双自由曲面大角度透镜.透镜内曲面对LED入射光线进行发散,外曲面对出射光线方向进行控制,实现大角度均匀照明,并减少全反射损失,提高出光效率.采用扩展光源文件对透镜模型进行光学仿真,并利用反馈优化法对外曲面进行优化,提高近场的照度均匀性.研究表明:在相同近场距离条件下,出光角度为143°、151.8°时,单自由曲面透镜照度均匀性为0.55和0.40,出光效率为92.0%和80%,而所设计的双自由曲面透镜照度均匀性为0.84和0.85,出光效率为98.8%和95.0%,照明效果明显改善.     

基于双自由曲面的LED大角度光学透镜设计

针对直下式LED背光源的均匀照明系统,采用双自由曲面组合,设计了一种大角度光学透镜结构。通过近光源面的自由曲面将光发散成的c/cos3(θ)型光场分布,再利用远光源面实现目标面的均匀分布。这样可以在短距离条件下实现大面积的均匀照明,相对于传统的单自由曲面设计,有效地避免了全反射的发生,提高了照明区域的面积。采用光线追迹软件对所设计的结构进行仿真,通过对模拟结果的分析,在灯箱厚度为15mm时,单透镜均匀照明面积可以达到60mm。采用正三角阵列分布,整个目标面均匀度达到87.5%。相对于传统的大功率器件的直下式光源方式,提高了照明的均匀度,同时大大减少了箱体的厚度。     

自由曲面匀光透镜的建模误差分析及补偿设计

自由曲面匀光透镜被广泛应用于发光二极管(LED)照明中。传统的基于几何近似的自由曲面求解方法,由于存在建模误差,导致求解的面型不够精确,照明面均匀性下降。提出了一种误差分析及补偿方法,通过建立面型误差和出射角度误差之间的联系,结合光线追迹,实现了面型误差的准确量化和修正。采用该方法,针对1000 mm工作距离,直径200 mm照明范围的景观照明透镜进行了补偿设计,并用Lighttools软件进行了仿真。结果表明:点光源模拟情况下,相对于传统几何近似求解方法,照明均匀性(最小照度/平均照度)由68.0%提升到98.5%;1 mm×1 mm尺寸LED光源模拟情况下,在直径160 mm的照明范围内,均匀性达到91.8%,具有良好的实用性。     

基于自由曲面的LED全反射准直透镜的设计

为在特定角度范围内实现所需照明,满足各类LED照明系统的要求,提出一种适用于扩展光源的透射 全反射复合曲面的LED透镜设计方法。根据光源的大小由非成像光学原理确定反射面面型并计算光源发散角度,再根据照射的角度要求进行自由曲面的透镜设计。文章给出了设计思想及方法,并设计了一款出射半角为2.5的透镜实例,分析了误差对实际结果的影响。     

基于表面微结构的超薄背光模组透镜设计

根据全反射原理设计了一款基于表面微结构的超薄透镜，由自由曲面将光源出射的光线进行准直，随后利用微米级表面微结构将准直光线反射到底部，再配合底部的反射膜将光线进行二次反射，从而能够在较小的混光距离（OD）下有效增大光斑尺寸。利用边缘光线原理，改善了扩展光源下光线经自由曲面后准直性劣化问题。仿真结果表明，该透镜应用于超薄背光模组时，能够在OD为3 mm、距离-高度比（DHR）为15 mm的3×3阵列下获得82%的均匀性，相比传统双自由曲面透镜均匀性提升40.7%。该透镜设计方法简单，避免了双自由曲面透镜尺寸较小时加工误差的影响，无需后期大量复杂的优化工作，具有较大的实际应用价值。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.