基于一维查找表的LCD特性化方法的研究

针对LCD显示器的颜色还原问题,根据一维查找表(1-Dimension Look-up Table,1D-LUT)方法,建立显示器设备颜色空间(RGB空间)与标准颜色空间(CIE XYZ空间)之间的颜色特性转换模型,采用CIE LAB色差评价方法,得到平均色差为1.56。并与GOG(Gain-Offset-Gamma)模型特性化结果对比分析,经GOG模型特性化后得到的平均色差为8.87。分析对比1D-LUT与GOG模型对LCD显示器特性化的适用性,为设备颜色的精确复现提供必要的依据。结果表明,1D-LUT相对于GOG模型特性化精度高,具有较好的颜色复现能力,适用于LCD显示器的特性化,而GOG模型不适用于LCD的特性化。     

液晶显示器颜色特征化的分段分空间模型

为了提高液晶显示器(LCD)颜色特征化精度,根据液晶显示器色品恒定性和通道独立性较差的特点,提出了分段分空间模型。该模型首先用分段二次多项式拟合单通道驱动值和三刺激值的关系,然后再根据不同RGB子空间的颜色特性加上适当的干扰项对液晶显示器进行颜色特征化。实验结果表明,在训练样本和检验样本数分别为91和512时分段分空间模型的CIELAB平均色差为1.5881,最大色差为6.0249;通过与三维查找表、Mask、S-Curve及TPC模型的比较研究,验证了当训练样本数不多时分段分空间模型的颜色预测精度最高。     

基于BP神经网络的数码相机特性化

由于数码相机的颜色空间是依赖于设备的,对于一个具体的数码相机,其光谱响应与设备独立的CIE标准观察者颜色匹配函数是一个非线性关系,因此不能真实复制场景的颜色。特性化彩色图像设备是提高图像的颜色复制质量的一个重要方法。介绍一种基于BP神经网络数码相机特性化方法。采用Munsell颜色系统作为目标色,大样本训练空间。测试了不同的网络结构和样本空间分布。训练样本平均色差为1.75CMC(1∶1)色差单位,测试样本为2.16。该方法在数码相机颜色测量、光谱重建等领域有广泛的应用前景。     

LCD液晶显示器的颜色特性研究

定量描述了液晶显示器的颜色特性以及对显示彩色图像的影响。在实验测量的基础上,得到了LCD液晶显示器的颜色特性数据。以3D LUT方法建立了设备颜色空间RGB与标准颜色空间L a b 之间的近似转换模型。通过分析比较它们的色域边界特性,了解了与CRT显示器颜色色域的差异以及影响显示彩色图像时颜色失真的特点。     

基于中国颜色体系的色差公式分析

CIE均匀颜色空间及利用色差公式对色差进行计算对彩色复制品的评价具有很关键的作用。利用中国颜色体系在视觉上为等色差系统以及色调、彩度和明度可以单独改变的特性,分别从色调、彩度、明度三方面对CIEL*a*b*、CMC(l:c)、CIE94、CIEDE2000色差公式进行了比较分析。结果表明:用各色差公式计算出的平均色差值是不同的,它们的均匀性也不同。需要针对不同的明度、彩度、色调选择使用不同的色差公式。     

小范围内精确控制CRT显示颜色和色差的研究

目前CRT显示器颜色特性化的最高精度大约是0.5ΔEab。一些在CRT上进行颜色和图像视觉评价的实验要求在颜色中心小范围内能更精确地控制显示颜色和色差。实验中采用了线性插值特性化方法,并提出了一种小范围三通道相互影响的颜色控制方法。实验结果表明:该方法对L,a,b控制的精度分别是0.14,0.082,0.103;对三种色差CIELAB,CIE94和CIEDE2000的控制精度分别是0.18,0.18,0.22。     

基于视觉容差与色调角相关性的色差公式评价

为了研究CIELAB颜色空间中明度、彩度和色调等视觉容差与色调角之间的相关性对基于CIELAB的典型色差公式(CIELAB、CMC、BFD、CIE94、LCD以及CIEDE2000)预测性能的影响,实验选取了具有不同明度和彩度冰平的5个色调环(L*=30,50,70和Cab*=10,20,30),并采用3个不同视觉尺度(△V=3.02,5.92和8.87CIELAB单位)进行视觉评估实验.8名色觉正常观察者根据心理物理学的恒常刺激法原理,在阴极射线管(CRT)显示器上获取了相应颜色中心的明度、彩度和色调视觉容差.对实验结果的详细分析表明,由于明度容差与色调角无明显相关性,6个色差公式的预测性能均较好,其中CIEDE2000略优于其它色差公式.对于彩度容差,LCD(Leeds color-difference formula)预测性能表现最优,而CIEDE2000和BFD的表现最差,其余色差公式则相差不多.CIEDE2000和LCD的色调权重函数的预测性能明显优于其它色差公式,而CMC预测性能则为最差.     

用阴极射线管显示器研究辨色阈值Ⅰ:实验数据及人眼颜色视觉特性分析

为了研究人眼在辨色阈值水平上的颜色视觉特性,在阴极射线管(CRT)显示器上显示颜色刺激,采用交叉阶梯法进行心理物理实验,在CIE1976a*-b*平面上分别测得3名色觉正常的观察者在5个CIE基本颜色中心区域的辨色阈值。采用性能因子PF/3讨论观察者的测试精度,并以色度椭圆表示辨色阈值实验结果。通过对实验数据的详细处理和分析表明,在等明度的a*-b*平面上各色区及各颜色方向上人眼的辨色特性是各向异性的,即CIE1976a*-b*平面为非视觉均匀;人眼在5个CIE基本颜色中心区域上红-绿方向的视觉色差尺度均小于黄-蓝方向。本文的实验结果可为均匀颜色空间及其色差公式的改进和发展提供原始数据和参考依据。     

液晶显示器(LCD)光谱特征化

显示器特征化是颜色管理的关键问题之一,早期人们关注的是建立显示器驱动信号RGB和色度值XYZ之间的相互转换关系,文献中讨论最多的是GOG和PLCC模型。最近,为了实现同色同谱再现,显示器的光谱特征化成为研究的热点,而且显示器的光谱特征化在多光谱图像的再现有着重要应用。提出采用常用的GOG和PLCC模型进行光谱特征化。虽然GOG和PLCC模型是常用的显示器特征化模型,但文献还没有用这两个模型进行光谱特征化的讨论。首先基于通道独立性和各通道色品坐标恒定性的假设证明了GOG和PLCC模型均可用于显示器光谱特征化。然后基于目前常采用的专业显示器EIZO CG277和BENQ PG2401进行了比较研究,同时也分别探讨了采用纯色和灰阶数据进行训练GOG和PLCC模型。比较结果表明,采用灰阶数据训练的GOG和PLCC模型分别好于采用纯色数据训练的GOG和PLCC模型;不论从正向还是从逆向的角度考虑采用灰阶训练的PLCC模型的精度要比SRPPM和GOG模型高,而且PLCC模型的逆向远比SRPPM的逆向简单。因此建议采用灰阶数据训练的PLCC模型对液晶显示器进行光谱特征化。     

普通LCD显示器色域边界的准确计算

目前针对普通LCD显示器色域边界计算的研究较少,本文耦合迭代求解法和反向特征化计算方法提出一种准确快速计算普通LCD显示屏色域边界点的方法。其中的反向特征化计算方法是:利用GOG模型初步计算已知颜色点的近似输入值,然后利用正向特征化模型、原色的主刺激值与设备输入值的函数关系,采用逐步逼近法计算颜色点对应的输入值RGB。计算步骤为:首先确定迭代计算初始值,迭代计算任意色相面上任意仰角上的颜色的XYZ;然后计算XYZ值对应的输入值RGB;最后,以RGB来判断颜色点是否在色域边界上。实验结果表明,与SMGBD相比,本算法无需插值计算,需要的样本少,其计算结果比SMGBD更能满足实际需求。     

Study of single crystal surfaces with polarized 8Li

NMR experiments on ⁸Li adsorbed on semiconductor and metallic surfaces are described (Si(1 1 1)−(7×7) and Ru(0 0 1)). They yield detailed information on LDOS (E_F), the local density of states at the nucleus and at Fermi energy. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Unitary Operator Corresponding to the General Two-Mode Coordinate-Momentum Mixed Transformation

We discuss the unitary operator corresponding to the general two-mode coordinate-momentum mixed transformation(q2,p2)→(Aq1 Bq2,Cq1 Dp2),where A,B,C and Dare arbitrary real numbers,Suitably selecting the parameters A,B,Cand D,we obtain a new two-mode bosonic realization of the SU(1,1) Lie algebra.We also study the squeezing effects of the squeezed vacuum associated with the new two-mode bosonic realization of the SU(1,1) Lie algebra.The results show that the new squeezed vacuum does not possess second-order squeezing,but exhibits higher-order squeezing.     

Spontaneous U（1） symmetry breaking and Bose-Einstein condensation

Based on Bogoliubov's truncated Hamiltonian H_B for a weakly interacting Bose system, and adding a U(1) symmetry breaking term $\sqrt{V}(\lambda a₀+\lambda^*a₀⁺) to H_B, we show by using the coherent state theory and the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximations, that the Bose--Einstein condensation(BEC) occurs if and only if the U(1) symmetry of the system is spontaneously broken. The real ground state energy and the justification of the Bogoliubov c-number substitution are given by solving the Schr\"{o}dinger eigenvalue equation and using the self-consistent condition.     

Surface structure evolution during Sb adsorption on Si(1 1 1)–In(4×1) reconstruction

The Sb adsorption process on the Si(1 1 1)–In(4×1) surface phase was studied in the temperature range 200–400 °C. The formation of a Si(1 1 1)–InSb (2×2) structure was observed between 0.5 and 0.7 ML of Sb. This reconstruction decomposes when the Sb coverage approaches 1 ML and Sb atoms rearrange to and (2×1) reconstructions; released In atoms agglomerate into islands of irregular shapes. During the phase transition process from InSb(2×2) to Sb (θ_Sb>0.7 ML), we observed the formation of a metastable (4×2) structure. Possible atomic arrangements of the InSb(2×2) and metastable (4×2) phases were discussed.     

N = 4 Supersymmetric Morse Oscillator and Its Spectrum-Generating Algebra

In this paper N = 4 supersymmetry of generalized Morse oscillators in one dimension is studied. Both bound states and scattering states of its four superpartner Hamiltonians are analyzed by using unitary irreducible representations of the noncompact Lie algebra su(1,1). The spectrum-generating algebra governing the Hamiltonian of the N = 4 supersymmetric Morse oscillator is shown to be connected with the realization of Lie superalgebra osp(1,2)or B(0,1) in terms of the variables of a supersymmetric two-dimensional harmonic oscillator.     

Continuous wavelength tuning of InAs quantum dots on InP (1 0 0) and (3 1 1)A substrates by chemical-beam epitaxy

The growth of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on InP (1 0 0) and (3 1 1)A substrates by chemical-beam epitaxy is studied. The InAs QDs are embedded in a GaInAsP layer lattice-matched to InP. We demonstrate an effective way to continuously tune the emission wavelength of InAs QDs grown on InP (1 0 0). With an ultra-thin GaAs layer inserted between the QD layer and the GaInAsP buffer, the peak wavelength from the InAs QDs can be continuously tuned from above 1.6 μm down to 1.5 μm at room temperature. The major role of the thin GaAs layer is to greatly suppress the As/P exchange during the deposition of InAs and subsequent growth interruption under arsenic flux, as well as to consume the segregated In layer floating on the GaInAsP buffer. Moreover, it is found that InP (3 1 1)A substrates are particularly promising for formation of uniform InAs QDs. The growth of InAs on InP (3 1 1)A consists of two stages: nanowire formation due to strain-driven growth instability and subsequent QD formation on top of the wires. The excellent size uniformity of the InAs QDs obtained on InP (3 1 1)A manifests itself in the narrow photoluminescence line width of 26 meV at 4.8 K.     

Notes on Multi-linear Variable Separation Approach

The multi-linear variable separation approach method is very useful to solve (2+1)-dimensional integrable systems. In this letter, we extend this method to solve (1+1)-dimensional Boiti system, (2+1)-dimensional Burgers system, (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system, and (2+1)-dimensional Maccari system. Some new exact solutions are obtained and the universal formula obtained from many (2+1)-dimensional systems is extended or modified.     

N = 4 Supersymmetric Morse Oscillator and Its Spectrum-Generating Algebra

In this paper N = 4 supersymmetry of generalized Morse oscillators in one dimension is studied. Both bound states and scattering states of its four superpartner Hamiltonians are analyzed by using unitary irreducible representations of the noncompact Lie algebra su（1,1）. The spectrum-generating algebra governing the Hamiltonian of the N = 4 supersymmetric Morse oscillator is shown to be connected with the realization of Lie superalgebra osp（1,2） or B（0,1） in terms of the variables of a supersymmetric two-dimensional harmonic oscillator.     

Comparative study of (1 0 0) and (1 1 1)B InGaAs single quantum well laser diodes

In this work, a series of identical In_xGa_1−xAs/Al_yGa_1−yAs single quantum well laser diodes, grown on (1 0 0) and (1 1 1)B GaAs substrates, have been thoroughly studied. For all samples, clear evidence of reduced threshold current densities in the (1 1 1)B substrate has been observed in electroluminescence spectra at 17 and 300 K. Modelling of the devices, based on a self-consistent solution of Schrödinger–Poisson's equations, was utilised in order to reproduce the experimental results. The model incorporates strain and piezoelectric effects on the quantum well states, free carrier screening, overlap integral computation, and optical gain calculation. The underlying mechanism, that explains the threshold reduction observed in the (1 1 1)B laser diodes, is discussed based on the results of the modelling.     

xPMnS-(1－x)PZN陶瓷的相变特性研究

研究了xPMnS-(1-x)PZN 四元系压电陶瓷的相变特征，分析了组成变化对材料相变特性的影响.结果表明，xPMnS-(1-x)PZN陶瓷具有弥散性相变特点，在相变过程中存在明显的介电热滞.电子结构计算结果表明，弥散相变的原因是由于不同B位原子与周围氧原子成键强度不同所致.当x值较大(或较小)时具有弛豫铁电体特征，相变弥散性较强；当组成位于x=0.4附近时具有正常-弛豫铁电体特征，相变的弥散性较弱. 关键词： xPMnS-(1－x)PZN 弥散相变 介电热滞