混合物理化学气相沉积法制备Al2O3衬底MgB2薄膜性质的研究

我们用混合物理化学气相沉积(Hybrid Physical-Chemical Vapor Deposition简称为HPCVD)法在Al2O3(00l)衬底上原位制备了MgB2超导薄膜样品.样品厚度约为1μm左右,最高的超导起始转变温度Tc(onset)＝40.3K,转变宽度ΔT为0.3K.ρ50K=2.3μΩcm,剩余电阻比率RRR=R300K/R50K=10.样品的X射线衍射分析表明,MgB2薄膜具有较好的c轴取向,晶粒大小约200nm.由毕恩模型计算求得在5K和零场条件下,样品的临界电流密度Jc=7.6×106A/cm2,不同磁场下测得R～T曲线可以外推得到Hc2(0K)约10T.这些结果表明HPCVD技术在MgB2薄膜原位制备方面有着很大的优势,从而有利于实现MgB2薄膜在电子器件方面的应用.     

混合物理化学气相沉积法制备蓝宝石衬底外延MgB2薄膜性质的研究

我们用混合物理化学气相沉积(Hybridphysicalchemicalvapordeposition简称为HPCVD)法在αAl2O3(00l)衬底上原位制备了一批超导性能良好的外延MgB2超导薄膜样品.用10%浓度的乙硼烷(B2H6)氢气混合气作为原料,研究了不同条件对MgB2薄膜沉积速率的影响.在一定条件下制备了一批MgB2薄膜,厚度为200nm左右,样品的零电阻转变温度(Tc0)最高达到39K.X射线衍射分析的θ～2θ扫描表明,MgB2薄膜的晶粒都具有较好的C轴取向,对样品的(101)面Φ扫描结果显示MgB2薄膜晶格与衬底有很好的外延取向,取向关系为[1010]MgB2∥[1120]Al2O3.由毕恩模型计算求得在5K和零场条件下,样品的临界电流密度Jc=9.8×106A/cm2.这些结果表明HPCVD技术在MgB2外延薄膜原位制备方面有着很大的优势,从而有利于实现MgB2薄膜在电子器件方面的应用.     

Mg、B配比对MgB2材料的影响

我们通过固态反应法制备了MgxB2(x=0.2,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4,1.8,2.2,2.6)系列超导样品.用四引线法测量了每一个样品在制备烧结过程中的高温R～T曲线.由这些曲线的升温阶段数据得知MgxB2系列样品的起始成相温度Tonset随着x值的增加而降低.由它们的X光衍射图可知,x≤1.0时,没有Mg和MgO的杂相峰;到x＞1.0后,随x值的增大,杂相Mg和MgO的衍射峰强度逐渐增强.它们的低温R～T曲线表明随x值的增加,正常态电阻减小,起始超导转变温度在39.3 K到39.9 K之间.综合Tc(onset)和△Tc,Mg1.4B2样品呈现出最好的超导状态.这些样品的单位质量M～T测量数据表明起起转变温度处于37.4～38.6 K之间,且Mg1.4B2样品呈现出最高的磁测Tc(onset)=38.60 K.在Mg含量x大于或低于1.4时,磁测Tc(onset)均小于此值.综合R～T和M～T这两种测量,为得到高Tc的MgB2超导块材,胚体MgB2的配比应取x=1.4为好.     

(0001)SiC衬底MgB_2超薄膜的制备和性质研究

利用混合物理化学气相沉积法(Hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition简称为(HPCVD)在(0001)SiC衬底上制备了干净的MgB2超导超薄膜.在背景气体、压强、载气氢气流量以及B2H6的流量一定的情况下,改变沉积时间,制得一系列MgB2超薄膜样品。通过观察样品的表面形貌变化探究了MgB2超薄膜的生长过程.该系列超薄膜的生长遵循Volmer-Weber岛状生长模式且沿c轴外延生长.以20nm超薄膜作为例子,可知其表面连接性良好,超导转变温度Tc(0)≈38.5K,临界电流密度Jc≈0.82×107 A/cm2,表明了利用HPCVD在(0001)SiC衬底上制备的MgB2超薄膜有很好的性能.这预示其在超导电子器件上具有广阔的应用前景.     

混合物理化学气相沉积法制备不锈钢衬底MgB2超导厚膜样品的韧度研究

我们用混合物理化学气相沉积法(HPCVD)制备了一批不锈钢衬底的MgB2超导厚膜样品,厚度在10～30μm间,Tc(onset)是37.8～37.2K,超导转变宽度ΔT在1.2K左右,是(101)方向织构的致密厚膜,并有少许MgO杂相.对样品进行弯折研究,随着弯曲角度的增加,膜面出现不同程度的条状裂纹,但仍能保持膜面的基本完整;虽然样品的超导起始转变温度降低、转变温区变宽,性能有所下降,但超导特性仍能保持在一个很好的水平上.这个结果表明了采用HPCVD方法制备不锈钢衬底带材将会很好地克服MgB2超导膜由于硬脆的性质而无法绕制磁体的问题,有着十分重要的应用意义.     

c轴取向SiC衬底MgB_2超导厚膜的制备及性质

通过混合物理化学气相沉积法(Hybrid Physical-chemical Vapor Deposition,简称HPCVD),我们在SiC衬底上制备出了c取向8μm厚的MgB2超导厚膜.电性质测量表明其起始超导转变温度是41.4K,转变宽度为0.5K,剩余电阻比率RRR～7.磁性质测量表明5K和零场下样品的临界电流密度达到了1.7×106A/cm2.     

原位法MgB_2-B_4C复相超导体合成及相含量调控研究

以B4C和Mg为原料合成的MgB2-B4C复相超导体具有高的临界电流密度(Jc)和高的超导转变温度(Tc),是一种有潜力的实用MgB2超导材料,其成相机理对复相MgB2超导体的相含量调控和磁通钉扎研究具有重要意义。结合经典烧结理论,研究了B4C-Mg真空固相烧结制备MgB2-B4C复相超导体的超导相形成和晶粒生长过程,给出了B4C-Mg的金斯特林格扩散模型和MgB2晶粒生长过程。通过选择B4C原料粒径,MgB2-B4C复相超导体超导相体积相含量在18%-88%范围可控。相含量88%的MgB2-B4C复相超导体临界转变温度达33.5K,转变宽度1.5K。10 K环境6T外场下电流密度可以达到1×104A/cm2,表明MgB2-B4C复相超导体具有良好的磁通钉扎行为。     

直流磁控溅射一步法原位制备MgB2超导薄膜

用MgB2靶,控制直流磁控溅射工作在异常辉光放电或弧光放电状态,在SrTiO3衬底上原位一次性得到了MgB2超导薄膜,其起始转变温度为32K,零电阻温度为15K. 关键词： 高温超导体 超导薄膜 磁控溅射 二硼化镁     

不同厚度的MgB_2超薄膜的制备和性质研究

本文报导了利用混合物理化学气相沉积法(Hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition,HPCVD)在SiC(0001)衬底上制备干净的MgB2超薄膜.在背景气体压强、载气H2流量等条件一定的情况下,改变B2H6流量及沉积时间,制备不同厚度的MgB2超薄膜样品,并研究了超导转变温度Tc、剩余电阻率ρ(42K)、上临界场Hc2等与膜厚的关系.这系列超薄膜生长沿c轴外延,随膜厚度的变小Tc(0)降低,ρ(42K)升高.膜在衬底上的生长遵循Volmer-Weber岛状生长模式.对于10nm厚的膜,Tc(0)~32.4K,ρ(42K)~124.92μΩ·cm,其表面连接性良好,平均粗糙度为2.72nm,上临界磁场Hc2(0K)~12T,零场4K时的临界电流密度Jc~107A/cm2,为迄今为止所观测到的10nm厚MgB2超薄膜的最高Jc值,这也证明了10nm厚的MgB2膜在超导纳米器件上具有很强的应用潜力.     

Al2O3衬底上生长的40.2K转变温度的MgB2厚膜

我们采用混合物理化学气象沉积方法(简称HPCVD)方法在(0001)晶向的Al2O3衬底上成功的沉积了1.3微米厚的MgB2超导厚膜.电性测量表明这种厚膜具有40.2K的超导转变温度,转变宽度为0.15K,绝对零度时Hc2(0)为13.7T,同时剩余电阻率达到RRR=11.磁性测量表明这种厚膜在5K和零场的条件下具有5×106A/cm3的高临界电流密度.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.